• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the post-purchasing behavior focusing on dissatisfaction and complaint behavior. There were some studies concerning dissatisfaction in on-line shopping related to satisfaction and intention to re-buying, but did not focus the relationship with complaint behavior, or identified the factors specifically related to consumer's dissatisfaction. In this study, it was examined to minimize the consumer's dissatisfaction and complaint behavior by investigating the detailed factors relating dissatisfactions and complaint behaviors after shopping apparel goods on the internet. Two hundred fifty five customers who had purchased fashion products in internet shopping had participated in this study. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, regression analysis using SPSS program. As the result, first, product, delivery, returning and price factor were extracted as factors of dissatisfaction, and as factors of complaint behavior, legal action, private action, remedial action were investigated. Second, dissatisfaction was significantly effected on complaint behavior. Specially, returning factor and price factor had effect on legal action, product, delivery factor had on private action and returning factor had affected remedial action. Third, more purchasing frequency, less dissatisfaction. Also, female had more dissatisfaction than male. Finally, more dissatisfaction and compliant behavior, less repurchasing intention. Based on these results, internet shopping fashion marketing strategies were suggested.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 2016

This study explores the conditions under which consumers adopt wearable devices. The study focuses on the attractiveness of the product that consumers can perceive. This study was implemented to find out what factors influenced the consumers to perceive the attractiveness and value of the product. The factors include the benefits and costs of the product. The consumers' wants for the product was included under personal factor. The synergy effect of related product was classified circumstantial factor. The outcomes derived from the postulating and verifying hypothesis are as follows. First, the attractiveness of the product that the consumers perceive has a positive effect on perceiving the attractiveness of the product. Second, the benefits of the product that the consumers feel have a positive effect on the value of the product in a meaningful way. Third, the consumers' perception of the wants for the product have a significant effect on perceiving the value and attractiveness of the product. Fourth, the consumers' perception of the synergy effect between the wearable device and the smartphone did not affect the value of the product in a significant way, but did have a significant effect on the attractiveness of the products.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

This study researched the relationship between the element of "Favorable and Friendly" emotion on product design and the consumer's reaction to it. The emotional elements used here were proposed in the existing study. The research method was divided into 1st test and 2nd test. In the 1st test result, Favorable was related to "want to own, simple, new product and high-class", and also connected with "digital product, gaming product and computers". The products related to Friendly had association with the items about "interesting, cute, familiar, warmth and soft", and also connected with "simple product (toylike, household items, etc), low-price product, product which likes a friend, soft product, kitchen product and beauty treatments product, and so on". In the 2nd test, the preference of emotional product was high than general product, and it was known from the evaluation about design preference and design elements. If the preference was high following the order as: "Formativeness> Trend> Aesthetics> Color", the difference among the scores were small. And then the result about the relationship of emotional design factor "Favorable & Friendly" and evaluation of design preference & design elements was extraction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

The multi-faceted influence of price on consumers' purchasing process of apparel products: Relationships with attitudinal and behavioral variables Price has a significant relationship to clothing products not only because of its practical, emotional and symbolic attributes but also because of its wide range and frequent changes. The purpose of this study was to identify the multi-faceted influence of price on consumers' purchasing process of clothing products. Six types of price-perceptions were related to various attitudinal and behavioral variables in a clothing purchase. A questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 720 adult women living in Seoul. Factor analysis, multiple regression, t-test and canconical correlation were employed to analyze the data. Low price consciousness was negatively related to product-oriented aspects of clothing and effected the one-price sale, visiting public markets and using interpersonal sources of price information. Value for money consciousness was positively related to product-oriented aspects of clothing and consumers' age or marriage and effected price considerations at the on-purchase and post-purchase stage. Price-quality inference was related to product-oriented and market-oriented aspects of clothing while price-prestige inference was related to visual and symbolic aspects of clothing and effected normal-price purchasing. Sale proneness was related to market-oriented aspects of clothing and effected seasonal sale price purchasing and price mavenism was related to market-oriented and visual aspects of clothing and effected price considerations at the pre-purchase stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.3_4
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• pp.548-559
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• 2002

Value is one of the most useful variable for achieving marketing concept that satisfy consumer needs. The issue related to which value consumers have when they're shopping and which effect this shopping value has on the process of consumer satisfaction formation, would be helpful to understand the post-purchase behavior as well as the process of pre-purchase decision making. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clarify differences in the process of satisfaction formation in relation to the type of shopping value. The study was conducted in three steps. Through the two steps, measurement instruments were developed. At the last step, judgement sampling method were utilized to collect the data and subjects were 614 university students. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, frequencies, t-test, and structural equation model analysis were used to analyze the data. Two groups regarding shopping value were found, which included consumers with hedonic shopping value and consumers with utilitarian shopping value. Overall, the results revealed a similar tendency in the process of satisfaction formation between two groups. But the tendency, which expressive product performance was related to the positive consumption emotion more than instrumental product performance was and instrumental product performance was related to the negative consumption emotion more than expressive product performance was, was clearer in consumers with utilitarian shopping value than in those with hedonic shopping value. In consumers with utilitarian shopping value, expressive product performance has a greater effect on satisfaction than instrumental product performance did, but in consumers with utilitarian shopping value, expressive product performance showed a similar effect on satisfaction with instrumental product performance. Understanding of the post-purchase behavior of the consumers with hedonic shopping value and the consumers with utilitarian shopping value and practical administration of the differences of the two groups would contribute to build useful marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.663-674
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were 1) to ascertain whether there was a difference in product performance (expressive or instrumental), which consumer recognized after using, related to consumer involvement toward clothing, 2) to clarify the effect of product performance on consumption emotion(positive or negative), 3) to investigate the effect of consumption emotion on satisfaction, and 4) to find out whether product performance had a direct effect on satisfaction toward product. The study was conducted in three steps. Through the two steps, measurement instruments were developed. At the last step, judgement sampling method were utilized to collect the data and subjects were 614 university students. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: 1) Consumer involvement had an effect on product performances but it was related to the expressive product performance more than to the instrumental product performance. 2) Product performance had positive influence on positive consumption emotion, while it had negative influence on negative consumption emotion. The results revealed that there were significant relationships between product performance and consumption emotion. 3) Positive consumption emotion had a positive effect on consumer satisfaction, on the other hand negative consumption emotion had a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. 4) Although the direct effects of product performances on satisfaction were larger than the indirect effects, product performance was greatly influential in consumption emotion and consumption emotion was strongly related to consumer satisfaction. Therefore, consumption emotion is an important determinant variable in the process of consumer satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1053-1069
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• 2020

This study examined the sales pattern relationship with respect to product attributes to propose sales forecasting for fashion products. We analyzed 537 SKU sales data of T-shirts in the domestic sports brand using SAS program. The sales pattern of fashion products fluctuated and were influenced by exogenous factors; therefore, we removed the influence of exogenous factors found to be price discounts and holiday effects as a result of regression analysis. In addition, it was difficult to predict sales using the sales patterns of the same product since fashion products were released as new products every year. Therefore, the forecasting model was proposed using sales patterns of related product attributes when attributes were considered descriptive variables. We classified sales patterns using K-means clustering in order to explain the relationship between sales patterns and product attributes along with creating a decision tree classifier using attributes as input and sales patterns as output. As a result, the sales patterns of T-shirts were clustered into six types that featured the characteristic shape of peak and slope. It was also associated with the combination of product attributes and their values in regards to the proposed sales pattern prediction model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

The relationship between product quality/function and customer satisfaction has been considered an important point for the new product development. The seminal paper by Kano was the first to thoroughly address the non-linear relationship between product performance/function and customer satisfaction. In the analysis framework of the original Kano model, five factors are assumed, among which indifference factor occupies 40% in the classification scheme. When we analyze survey response using Kano model, many quality attributes can be resulted in indifference factor. This implies that some attributes which are meaningful tend to be classified as indifferent attributes for the customer satisfaction. In order to tackle this problem, a modified Kano model is proposed by reducing the indifference factor. The modified Kano model can be robust for the survey response. A survey is performed for the quality attributes of the smart phone. The response is analyzed and compared based on the original and modified Kano model. The surveyed quality characteristics of the smart phone are performance related attributes, application programs, functional attributes and subjective emotional quality attributes. Many quality attributes classified as indifference factor in the original model are classified as attractive, must-be, and expected factors, respectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

The paper aims to investigate relationships between technology and innovation management, total factor productivity and economic growth in China. By comparing the trends in total factor productivity growth of industrialized economies (i.e. OECD), this study intends to showcase the importance of total factor productivity progress in the Chinese economy. The study employs time series data of an annual basis for the period from 1977 to 2016 retrieved from the World Development Indicator. The study employs unit root test, cointegration test, fully modified least squares estimation method, canonical cointegrating regression and dynamic least squares estimation method to test the hypotheses. The results of the cointegrating regression analysis show that manufacturing growth leads to an increase of total factor productivity in the short-run in China. The findings of the study suggest that manufacturing (i.e. technology and product innovation) is positively related to the increase of total factor productivity in the short-run and total output growth in the long-run. The findings suggest that promoting technology and innovation management and supporting R&D subsidies may reduce the marginal cost of conducting R&D and increase the rate of technology and innovation management and R&D activity and therefore, the total factor productivity growth rate.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2021

We study the structure of rings whose factor rings modulo nonzero proper ideals are right duo; such rings are called right FD. We first see that this new ring property is not left-right symmetric. We prove for a non-prime right FD ring R that R is a subdirect product of subdirectly irreducible right FD rings; and that R/N∗(R) is a subdirect product of right duo domains, and R/J(R) is a subdirect product of division rings, where N∗(R) (J(R)) is the prime (Jacobson) radical of R. We study the relation among right FD rings, division rings, commutative rings, right duo rings and simple rings, in relation to matrix rings, polynomial rings and direct products. We prove that if a ring R is right FD and 0 ≠ e2 = e ∈ R then eRe is also right FD, examining that the class of right FD rings is not closed under subrings.