• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.126-135
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• 2009

Recently, operation of highway is the complex digital Infrastructure based on complicated IT. The application of IT is increasing more and more in digital Infrastructure. Though IT is very convenient, if unpredicted operating risk of highway occurs, widespread damage can be large. When operating risk of highway occurs, road users are out of smoothly-run service because of the operating interruption. This risk causes unpredicted operating management cost and additional maintenance cost. It will excess over the planned operating cost, which may leads to users's unsafety and operator's insolvency because of income loss. Until now, related studies to find out the risk are not sufficient. The purpose of this study is to suggest risk cost items and to estimate the reasonable risk cost by using simulation method in case of occurring the huge power failure at the operating digitalized highway. This study indicates the several plans to hedge against risk cost and the management of highway project. From now on, it will be used as basic data to confirm the soundness of operating system in Digital Infrastructure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

Due to the rapid change of global business environment, the growth of China's steel industry and the inflow of cheap products, domestic steel industry is faced on downward trend. The change of business paradigms from a quantitative growth to a qualitative product is needed in this steel industry. In this environment, it is very important for domestic steel distribution companies to secure their competitiveness by selecting good supply companies through a efficient procurement strategy and effective method. This study tried to find out the success factors of steel distribution industry based on survey research from experts. Weighted values of each factors were found by using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) analysis. The weighted values were applied to DEA(data envelopment analysis) model and eventually the best steel supply company were selected. This paper used 29 domestic steel distribution firms for case example and 5 steps of decision process to select good vendors were suggested. This study used quality, price, delivery and finance as a selection criteria. Using this four criterions, nine variable were suggested. Which were product diversity, base price, discount, payment position, average delivery date, urgency order responsibility and financial condition. These variables were used as a output variable of DEA. Sales and facilities were used as an input variable. Pairwise comparison was conducted using these variables. The weighted value calculated by AHP pairwise comparison were used for DEA analysis. Through the analysis of DEA efficiency process, good DMU (decision making unit) were recommended as a steel supply company. The domestic case example was used to show the effectiveness of this study.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affected to physical functions, activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The subjects for this study, 236 persons, 65 years and over, who were living at rural area in Chun-Cheon city. This survey was carried out from march 3rd to April 25th, 1998. The data was analysed by using SPSS PC+ program. The results were as follows. 1.The variables that were related to the conditions of physical functions were as follows; age, sex, educational level among the general characteristics; raising ways of money, monthly using money for life, states of pocket money, obtaining method of pocket money, state of weight, problems in mind, whether or not chronic illness among socio ㆍeconoㆍphysical conditions; the level of satisfactions in life, subjective condition of health among the subjective thinking ; controlling state in smoking and drinking of alcohol among the lifestyles for promoting health. But the variables for medical utilization were not related to the level of physical function. 2. The variables that were associated with the condition of ADLs were as follows; age among the general characteristics; monthly using money for life, working amount among the socioㆍeconoㆍphysical conditions; subjective conditions of health among the subjective thinking. But The variables for medical utilization, lifestyle for promoting health were irrelevant to the conditions of ADLs. 3. The variables that were related to the conditions of IADLs were as follows; age, educational level among the general characteristics; raising ways of money, monthly using money for life, resident type in the household, procurement method of pocket money, level of weight, problems in mind, wether or not chronic illness among socioㆍeconoㆍphysical condition; regularity of health checking among lifestyles for promoting health; kinds of utilizing medical agent among the variables about utilization patterns of medical agencies; subjective condition of health among the subjective thinking In this study, in the aged there were related factors of physical and life functions, were age, working amount, subjective condition of health.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.349-355
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to develop the automatic analytical method for determining moisture, nicotine, reducing sugar and total nitrogen contents and color(L, a, b) value in domestic tobacco leaves using near infrared(NIR) spectroscopy. The results of multiple linear regression analysis between chemical and NIR data showed that NIR spectro-scopy can determine those quality components of tobacco samples in 30 seconds, non-destructively. The results using developed calibrations are summarized as follows; The standard error of prediction(SEP) for moisture, nicotine. total nitrogen, reducing sugar contents and color(L, a, b) value in domestic tobacco leaves was 0.28%, 0.25%, 0.07%, 0.75%, 1.25, 0.44 and 1.07, respectively. In addition, The possibility of developing the cheaper filter type NIR instrument, for quality evaluation in the procurement from leaf tobacco cultivators and process control was investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.310-315
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• 2021

In the case of weapon systems used by the military, defense standards are applied for economical and efficient procurement, management, and maintenance. Defense specifications are documents describing procedures and methods for determining whether technical requirements for products and services are consistent and apply to the production of weapon systems, quality assurance, and configuration management. Software is also subject to defense specifications, and is documented and managed in the same way as other defense specifications. Sometimes it happened to be standardized without some(or all) software. In this case, a competitive contract is impossible and it may affect the quality of weapon systems because the manufacturer arbitrarily changes the software without prior approval. So, software standardization is required, but it is very difficult to verify for firmware installed in hardware. This paper proposed a verification method for g software standardization, and we expect it will contribute to the efficient production and quality assurance of weapon systems.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.343-352
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• 2020

Modular integrated construction (MiC) is an innovative construction method where components of a building are manufactured in an offsite factory, trucked to the job site in sections, set in place with cranes, and assembled together to form a whole building. Where circumstances merit, favorable conditions exist and implemented effectively; MiC improves project performance. However, several key factors need to converge during implementation to realize the full benefits of MiC. Thus, a thorough understanding of the factors which are critical to the success of MiC projects is imperative. Drawing on a systematic review of 47 empirical studies, this research identified 25 key success factors (KSFs) for MiC projects. Of these, the five topmost cited KSFs for MiC projects include effective working collaboration and communication among project participants; standardization, optimization, automation and benchmarking of best practices; effective supply chain management; early design freeze and completion; and efficient procurement method and contracting. The study further proposed a conceptual model of the KSFs, highlighting the interdependences of people, processes, and technology-related KSFs for the effective accomplishment of MiC projects. The set of KSFs is practically relevant as they constitute a checklist of items for management to address and deal with during the planning and execution of MiC projects. They also provide a useful basis for future empirical studies tailored towards measuring the performance and success of MiC projects. MiC project participants and stakeholders will find this research useful in reducing failure risks and achieving more desired performance outcomes. One potential impact of the study is that it may inform, guide, and improve the successful implementation of MiC projects in the construction industry. However, the rigor of the analysis and relative importance ranking of the KSFs were limited due to the absence of data.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2019

The construction of a facility is an act whereby infrastructure such as roads and railways and other facilities such as housing and office spaces are constructed, and due to the characteristics of the relevant industry where such construction is carried out in a custom order method, it requires a long period of time mostly. While the construction is carried out over a long period of time, fluctuations in the price of raw materials required for the construction occur. Therefore, the cost of the construction also fluctuates inevitably. The fluctuation of the construction cost meshes closely with the profit of a constructor and the efficiency of government spending. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the construction cost at a reasonable level by adjusting the construction cost rationally in order to secure the required construction quality and spend the budget efficiently. The buffer system for solving such problem is the contract amount adjustment system by fluctuations in prices (Escalation/De-Escalation). In this study, the method combining the escalation method based on the item adjustment method was suggested for an efficient contract amount adjustment method. In addition, it is proposed that there be an investigation and codification of matters not applied to government acts and regulations on contracts related to the adjustment of fluctuations in prices legally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.715-722
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• 2020

This paper proposes a design verification method based on system dynamics for offshore separation systems. Oil and gas separation systems are key components of offshore oil platforms; these systems determine the competitiveness of engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) projects, especially in terms of added value. However, previous research on design verification has been limited to the process and deliverables of design. To address this, the study aims to develop a comprehensive design verification method and the associated functions from the perspective of project management, for the entire project life-cycle of offshore structures. The proposed methodology for design verification is expected to contribute toward effective and detailed designs as well as improve the competitiveness of EPC companies in constructing of shore structures during the early design stages. We first analyzed the separation system of the FPSO using the design verification method adopted by advanced countries and compared it with the system dynamics process formalized as ISO 15288. Subsequently, a tailored process for the design verification of the offshore structure was derived. It is shown that the proposed design verification method can be applied to the front-end engineering design process of of shore structures. Moreover, it can contribute toward the successful performance of offshore projects in the future and also minimize design changes and critical risks during the construction of these offshore structures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2020

Configuration management is an important project management method. Configuration management is increasing daily and improving defense power as a management tool for technical data of power support systems. Configuration management work must be carried out properly from the beginning of development to acquire an excellent weapon system. In procurement, configuration management is a vital factor that can determine the cost of maintaining operations during the transfer of military supplies and carry out systematic management among operational support. Countries are making changes to policies and systems to manage R&D, standards, and patents in conjunction with each other from the beginning of research and execution, and it is important to establish the concept of managing and controlling the configuration as an efficient means of managing military resources. To identify the activity details during the entire life cycle from the beginning of acquisition to the end of disposal by linking munitions configuration control with the total life cycle, and redefine the appropriate work system, this study investigated and analyzed the U.S. configuration control procedures to identify the activity details and present areas to develop.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to: a) examine characteristics of foodservice management practices; b) investigate characteristics of recipients; c) analyze foodservice systems; and d) provide feedback for the efficient and effective foodservice management of mental disorder care sites in Korea. A total of 46 sites was analyzed by questionnaire survey. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis. As results of site recipients' characteristics, 60% of total sites were males and 40% were female recipients. Average 60% of recipients were from 30 to 40 years old. Major diseases of recipients were mental disorder, high pressure, and obesity. According to the result of foodservice system analysis, the average meal cost per day was about 2,921 won and average food cost percentage was 39%. Average number of meals per day was about 600 meals. All sites had on dietitian and 88.3% of sites had one cook as a full-time employees. In the part of procurement, dietitians were major chargers of sites for purchasing foods. Major purchasing method was the order and delivery contract. About a half of sites used cycle menu system and standardized recipies. Most of sites had recipients survey systems for evaluating meal satisfaction. About 60% of sites provided liquid diets to recepients and 22% provided diabetic diets. Dietitians at sites had problems on low meal cost budget, lack of cooking professionals, and lack of information about treatment meals for mental disorders for providing higher quality of foods cure recipients. The results suggested that financial and systematical supports by the government would be very necessary to meet the goal of nutritional balanced meal services.