• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1418-1430
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• 2006

In the 18th century, Joseon and Japan corresponded politically and culturally through the Joseon Missionary. During this time, the people in Japan who received the Joseon Missionary left many records of their visits and among them were numerous accounts related to medicine, In the years 2003 and 2004, the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine gathered records that were dispersed throughout japan, and in 20005, it organized the information and put it up on the web along with the original text. This research is an overall report on the documentary records. It analyzes individual documents and looks into what the mainly interested the joseon and Japanese medical worlds at that time. The documents located up till now are 21 medical dialogue records from the 18th century. Through the process of these medical dialogues, the Joseon medical circle discovered a different side of japanese medicine, and the japanese medical world had a chance to directly receive advanced medical skills. Through these medical dialogues, the two countries also exchanged bountiful information about clinical patients. The japanese scholars showed deep interest in Joseon's ginseng, and asked many questions about practical usages of the contents in the medical documents. It is thought that these medical dialogue records will greatly assist studies on the medical history of this time, because it reveals new research data on Korean medical history and Japanese medical history in the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty that has never been reported in the academia before.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2001

Objectives : To determine the impacts of Diagnosis-Related Groups/Prospective Payment System (DRG/PPS) on the quality of care in cases of Cesarean section and to describe the policy implications for the early stabilization of DRG/PPS in Korea. Methods : Data was collected from the medical records of 380 patients who had undergone Cesarean sections in 40 hospitals participating in the DRG/PPS Demonstration Program since 1999. Cesarean sections were peformed in 122 patients of the FFS(Fee-For-Service) group and 258 patients of the DRG/PPS group. Measurements of quality used included essential tests of pre- and post-operation, and the PPI(Physician Performance Index) score. The PPI was developed by two obstetricians. Results : Univariate analysis demonstrated significant differences in PPI scores according to the payment systems. With respect to the mean of PPI scores, a higher score was found in the DRG/PPS group than in the FFS group. However, the adjusted effect did not show significant differences between the FFS group and the DRG/PPS group. Conclusion : This study suggested that the problem of poor quality may not be related to the implementation of DRG/PPS in Cesarean section. However, this study did not consider the validity and reliability of the process measurement, and it did not exclude the possibility of data emission in medical records.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.87-106
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• 2010

Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and immuneregulative effects of electro-acupouncture(EA) at SP6(Sameumgyo) in aged rats. The author performed several experimental items including blood cell counts, blood chemistry, measurement of various oxidants and antioxidants in liver and spleen, analysis of various cytokines in spleen. The results are as follows. Results: 1. EA at SP6 significantly reduced the number of platelets in blood. 2. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased catalase activity in liver. 3. EA at SP6 significantly reduced NO concentration and significantly increased SOD activity, catalase activity and glutathione concentration in spleen. 4. EA at SP6 restored the increase of IL-4, IL-6 and the decrease of IFN-$\gamma$ in aged rat spleen. Conclusion: According to these results, it is postulated that EA at SP6 has an antioxidative effect through increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes and inhibiting production of oxidized substances, as well as an immune regulative effect in aging process. In consequence, it is presumed that EA at SP6 may have an anti-aging effect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 1988

An economic and efficient system for measuring drop sizes was developed. Pattern recognition technique was used with conventional oil-bath sampling and photographic method. The system was designed to measure and count relatively large number of drops in a very short time, and also to filter out abnormal images such as drops in contact or overlap as well as odd-shaped foreign materials. In this measuring system, most important error originates from the process of converting the original image to the binary image. If the photograph contains a large number of spray drops, the relative size of the pixel to the drops is not infinitesimally small; thus the proper choice of threshold level to convert the original image to the binary image becomes very important. In present case, most of the images lay in one of the two separate bands of brightness level and the arithmetic mean of the most popular brightness levels from each band was chosen as the threshold level. Present image processing system reduces the subjective error by the observers in counting and measuring drops and turns out to be substantially effective. The processing time can be further reduced by improving the hardware system concerned with the digital image coding.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 2004

This paper presents a hermetic MEMS on-chip package bonded by a closed-loop AuSn solder-line. We design three different package specimens, including a substrate heated specimen without interconnection-line (SHX), a substrate heated specimen with interconnection-line (SHI) and a locally heated specimen with interconnection-line (LHI). Pressurized helium leak test has been carried out for hermetic seal evaluation in addition to the critical pressure test for bonding strength measurement. Substrate heating method (SHX, SHI) requires the bonding time of 40min. at 400min, while local heating method (LHI) requires 4 min. at the heating power of 6.76W. In the hermetic seal test. SHX, SHI and LHI show the leak rates of 5.4$\pm$6.7${\times}$$^{-10}$ mbar-l/s, 13.5$\pm$9.8${\times}$$^{-10}$ mbar-l/s and 18.5$\pm$9.9${\times}$$^{-10}$ mbar-l/s, respectively, for an identical package chamber volume of 6.89$\pm$0.2${\times}$$^{-10}$. In the critical pressure test, no fracture is found in the bonded specimens up to the applied pressure of 1$\pm$0.1MPa, resulting in the minimum bonding strength of 3.53$\pm$0.07MPa. We find that the present on-chip packaging using a closed AuSn solder-line shows strong potential for hermetic MEMS packaging with interconnection-line due to the hermetic seal performance and the shorter bonding time for mass production.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.783-789
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• 2017

In terms of 3D orientation estimation based on nine-axis IMMU(inertial and magnetic measurement unit), there are two disturbance components decreasing estimation accuracy: one is external acceleration disturbing accelerometer's signals and the other is magnetic disturbance related to magnetometer's signals. In order to minimize effects by these two disturbances, two approaches including switching approach and model-based approach have been suggested and further research comparing these two has also been conducted. Nevertheless, effect of disturbance modeling differences on orientation estimation accuracy in model-based approach has not been studied before. This paper compares the recently reported two orientation estimation algorithms that have difference in disturbance models, in order to investigate the effect of disturbance models on accuracy of IMMU-based orientation estimation under various operating conditions. This research shows that the difference in disturbance models leads to difference in process noise covariance matrix. Consequently, this affected the orientation estimation, i.e., the estimation differences between the algorithms were root mean square errors of $1.35^{\circ}$ in average and $3.63^{\circ}$ in yaw estimation.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 2008

The improvement of energy conservation is mandatory to decrease consumption of fossil fuels and to minimize negative impacts on the environment which originates from large cooling and heating demand. The absorption heat pump technology has a large potential for energy-saving in this respect. Absorption heat pump is a means to upgrade waste heat without the addition of extra thermal energy. The higher performance of absorber is of great importance for absorption heat pump cycle. In this study, in order to improve the performance of absorber, the absorber of tangential feed of a liquid phase with spiral tube has been investigated using methanol-glycerine as a working fluid. The spiral tube and tangential feeding generate the turbulence into the liquid flow while increasing the mass and heat transfer coefficients. The simultaneous heat and mass transfer were found to take place in a liquid turbulent film in the absorber with the spiral tube during the process of gas absorption. By calculating mass and heat transfer coefficients by measurement of the concentration and the temperature of each position in the absorber, the entrance was found to be more effective in enhancing mass and heat transfer.

• Journal of Information Technology Application
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2001

We propose a software-reliability growth model incoporating the amount of uniform and Weibull testing efforts during the software testing phase in this paper. The time-dependent behavior of testing effort is described by uniform and Weibull curves. Assuming that the error detection rate to the amount of testing effort spent during the testing phase is proportional to the current error content, the model is formulated by a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Using this model the method the data analysis for software reliability measurement is developed. The optimum release time is determined by considering how the initial reliability R($\chi$ 0) would be. The conditions are ($R\chi$ 0)＞$R_{o}$ , $P_{o}$ ＞R($\chi$ 0)＞ $R_{o}$ $^{d}$ and R($\chi$ 0)＜$R_{o}$ $^{d}$ for uniform testing efforts. deal case is $P_{o}$ ＞($R\chi$ 0)＞ $R_{o}$ $^{d}$ Likewise, it is ($R\chi$ 0)$\geq$$R_{o}$ , $R_{o}$ ＞($R\chi$ 0)＞R(eqation omitted) and ($R\chi$ 0)＜R(eqation omitted)for Weibull testing efforts. Ideal case is $R_{o}$ ＞ R($\chi$ 0)＞ R(eqation omitted).

• Laser Solutions
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2003

The manufacturing process for the microfluidic device can include sequential steps such as master fabrication, electroforming, and injection molding. The laser ablation, using masks, has been applied to the fabrication of channels in microfluidic devices. In this research, an excimer laser was used to engrave microscopic channels on the surface of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), which shows a high absorption ratio for an excimer laser beam with a wavelength of 248 m. When 50-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-wide rectangular microscopic channels are ablated with a 500 ${\times}$ 500 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ square mask at a magnification ratio of 1/10, ditch-shaped defects were found in both corners. The measurement of laser beam intensity showed that a coherent image in the PET target caused such defects. Analysis based on the Fourier diffraction theory enabled the prediction of the coherent shape at the image surface as well as the diffraction beam shape between the mask and the image surface. It also showed that the diameter of the aperture had a dominant effect. The application of aperture with a diameter of less than 3 mm helped to eliminate such defects in the ablated rectangular microscopic channels on PET without such ditch-shaped defects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 1988

This study was conducted to determine the interconversion of sugars in persimmon during the drying process and the textural properties of raw and dried persimmons using the changes of some chemical constituents, the analysis of sugar component, and the measurement of texture. Five varieties of persimmons were used in this experimment. As the drying proceeded, content of acetaldehyde and alcohol increased while soluble tannin content rapidly decreased. The rapid changes of these component obserbed in kyongsan Bansi and Hiratanenashi. Soluble sugars detected in raw persimmons were mainly glucose, fructose and sucrose. The content of sucrose was rapidly decreased in early stage of drying, while glucose and fructose were rapidly increased. The nearly same amount of glucose and fructose presented in the dried persimmon although there were some differences among varieties tested. The major component of white powder developed on the surface of dried persimmon was almost glucose. The texture profile analysis of the raw and dried persimmons was made with texturemeter and the quality of the dried persimmons was sensory evaluation method. Hiratanenashi and Sagoksi were determined as the suitable varieties in the processing of dried persimmons, but the varieties of Changdungyee and Namyang Susi were not suitable.