• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2003

Rainfall-runoff process is under the control of hydrologic parameters having temporal and spatial variety. Accordingly, it is difficult to efficiently deal them since many parameters and various information are required to perform hydrologic simulation. So the purposes of this study is to estimate the runoff volume by frequency using GIS techniques and NRCS method. The analysis of frequency rainfall is analyzed using FARD 2002 program and the result of goodness of fit test show that Log-pearson type III is suitable distribute type for the applied area. TOPAZ program used for the analysis of DEM data examining into geological characteristic. NRCS curve numbers estimated using landuse map and soil map for the estimation of effective rain fall in the basin. The storm Type II and Type III were used as the type for the application of NRCS. The result of application show that the runoff volumes above 80 years frequency in return period have similar patterns regardless of Type II and Type III. In addition, the results of comparison with runoff volumes by frequency in the report of river improvement master plan show that it have similar volumes as the relative errors for them of 80, 100 years frequency are each 7.65%, 5.33%.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2012

New generation of tall and complex buildings systems are now introduced that are reflective of the latest development in materials, design, sustainability, construction, and IT technologies. While the complexity in design is being overcome by the availability and advances in structural analysis tools and readily advanced software, the design of these buildings are still reliant on minimum code requirements that yet to be validated in full scale. The involvement of the author in the design and construction planning of Burj Khalifa since its inception until its completion prompted the author to conceptually develop an extensive survey and real-time structural health monitoring program to validate all the fundamental assumptions mad for the design and construction planning of the tower. The Burj Khalifa Project is the tallest structure ever built by man; the tower is 828 meters tall and comprises of 162 floors above grade and 3 basement levels. Early integration of aerodynamic shaping and wind engineering played a major role in the architectural massing and design of this multi-use tower, where mitigating and taming the dynamic wind effects was one of the most important design criteria established at the onset of the project design. Understanding the structural and foundation system behaviors of the tower are the key fundamental drivers for the development and execution of a state-of-the-art survey and structural health monitoring (SHM) programs. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss the execution of the survey and real-time structural health monitoring programs to confirm the structural behavioral response of the tower during construction stage and during its service life; the monitoring programs included 1) monitoring the tower's foundation system, 2) monitoring the foundation settlement, 3) measuring the strains of the tower vertical elements, 4) measuring the wall and column vertical shortening due to elastic, shrinkage and creep effects, 5) measuring the lateral displacement of the tower under its own gravity loads (including asymmetrical effects) resulting from immediate elastic and long term creep effects, 6) measuring the building lateral movements and dynamic characteristic in real time during construction, 7) measuring the building displacements, accelerations, dynamic characteristics, and structural behavior in real time under building permanent conditions, 8) and monitoring the Pinnacle dynamic behavior and fatigue characteristics. This extensive SHM program has resulted in extensive insight into the structural response of the tower, allowed control the construction process, allowed for the evaluation of the structural response in effective and immediate manner and it allowed for immediate correlation between the measured and the predicted behavior. The survey and SHM programs developed for Burj Khalifa will with no doubt pioneer the use of new survey techniques and the execution of new SHM program concepts as part of the fundamental design of building structures. Moreover, this survey and SHM programs will be benchmarked as a model for the development of future generation of SHM programs for all critical and essential facilities, however, but with much improved devices and technologies, which are now being considered by the author for another tall and complex building development, that is presently under construction.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2011

In this research, food waste source reduction model for apartment was investigated. In spite of prohibition of direct landfill of food waste and continuous efforts made by government and local government, food waste production increases steadily. Recycling ratio of the food waste increases every year, but its products have many problems like low quality, stability, salt, odor etc. Household occupies 63.3% of whole food waste production and this is subject to be a key factor to control food waste. We surveyed S apartment in Kwangju city as a model case, in which administrative office and women's association adopted clean plate eating, separation of raw food waste and earth worm composting as a series of method for source reduction and recycling inside the apartment. With the help of residents' participation and practice, food waste production decreased 15.6% from 0.31 g/capita/day in 2007 to 0.26 g/capita/day in 2009 (domestic average 0.30 g/capita/day). Separation of raw food waste and its composting using earth worm were very effective, and were subject to resolve the problems of present food waste treatment technologies. And earth worm composting was very useful in environmental, economical, societal and educational aspects. Instead of economical incentive, educational programs about food value, environmental problem and critical method for food waste separation were more effective for promotion of source reduction. From the analyses on the process and success factors in this model, we could conclude that leader's role was one of the key factors for the settlement of source reduction, and that was to understand the seriousness of the food waste and to seek solution, to test techniques, and to practice by oneself. Furthermore, networking and collaboration among residents, local government, NGO and local press promoted residents' participation, and it was through various education and investigation. Finally, source reduction and self recycling model of food waste in the apartment, that applies separating raw food waste and earth worm composting based on the collaboration among residents, local government, NGO, and local press, should be disseminated, and environmental policy also should be changed to make it possible.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

The domestic tourism industry mostly relies on quantitative surveys for customer satisfaction. However, customer participation of the questionnaires is extremely low and the improvement of the dissatisfactory factors is not being performed promptly. In this paper, we propose a new topic map system and prove its empirical effectiveness to improve the accuracy of customer feedback information and the efficiency of the analysis process. The topic map system is a system for analyzing large amounts of customer feedback data in real time. It uses text mining and ontology techniques by integrating data collected over a certain period from real-time SNS and quantitative data obtained from existing survey systems. The effect after improving the analyzed factors of dissatisfaction is also a new and innovative evaluation system for monitoring customer satisfaction in real time. The classification based on this integrated data is a classification system that is specific to the product or the customer. According to this classification, it is possible to measure the effect of the recognition and improvement of the complaint factor in real time on the topic map system. This provides a sophisticated prioritization of the improvement factors and enables customer satisfaction quality control as a PDCA feedback system. In addition, the survey period and costs are greatly shortened, and responses can be more precise to the existing survey method. As a practical application, this system is applied to the largest H travel agency in Korea to prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.44
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• pp.181-199
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• 1999

The industry of modern clothing has deviated from the overflow of commercialism and the standardization and nowadays is going toward pursuing art, creativity, and high added value. This trend brings the return of the natural materials from the synthetic textiles and increases the value of old and handmade fabrics. Finally, the handmade-paper, which is a natural material, comes to be reconsidered as a new material for the clothing. Therefore, as the natural materials and the manufacture of handmade clothing are rising again, the qualitative improvement and globalization of clothing industry should be first realized through the developments of creative and various clothing materials and new expressing techniques. The above investigation and study have been synthesized and analyzed as follows: First, through the study on the origin of the paper clothing, its historical background and the process of its development, we've learned these two facts following : the paper clothing of the East in the past mostly had practiced meanings. On the other hand, in the West it had meanings which were raised the artist's emotions and beauty-consciousness to the artistic level by the various kinds of expressing methods. Second, handmade-paper was manufactured by the embedding method, which mixed mulberry pulp, gauze, corn, hair, sisal, silk and so on. It was found that handmade-paper had the affluent and proper texture as the clothing material and was be able to control the clarity through the variation of thickness. It was also confirmed that the creative and original texture with hand-worked molding beauty was obtained by the use of handmade-paper. Third, when the handmade-paper is used, the molding beauty of plane, relievo, and solid can be freely pursued, and various and effective molding conformation can be constructed by the effect of superposition and repetition. Also, because the maximum discretion from the various optional manufacturing methods is allowed, the molding beauty can be maximized when the clothes are manufactured with handmade-paper. Fourth, the gauze with strong drape was combined to overcome the stiffness and the tearing of the paper. As a result, the durability and the wearability of the paper were strengthened and thus the thus the applications as the clothing material were enlarged. In conclusion, in order to enhance the value, creativity, practicality, and artistic sense of the design for modern clothing, the clothes made of handmade-paper should be more studied. Moreover, for the generalization of paper clothes, the studies on the development of practical paper with paper with water resistance, post-treatment after dyeing, flexibility, and durability should be done. I really hope that this study will be the motive to provoke the possibility of handmade-paper as new clothing material in not only practical sense but also artistic sense.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1998.02a
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• pp.120-120
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• 1998

Boron nitride (BN) films have attracted a growing interest for a variety of t technological applications due to their excellent characteristics, namely hardness, c chemical inertness, and dielectrical behavior, etc. There are two crystalline phases 1551; of BN that are analogous to phases of carbon. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has a a layered s$\sigma$ucture which is spz-bonded structure similar to that of graphite, and is t the stable ordered phase at ambient conditions. Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) has a z zinc blende structure with sp3-bonding like as diamond, 따ld is the metastable phase a at ambient conditions. Among of their prototypes, especially 삼Ie c-BN is an i interesting material because it has almost the same hardness and thermal c conductivity as di없nond. C Conventionally, significant progress has been made in the experimental t techniques for synthesizing BN films using various of the physical vapor deposition 밍ld chemical vapor deposition. But, the major disadvantage of c-BN films is that t they are much more difficult to synthesize than h-BN films due to its narrow s stability phase region, high compression stress, and problem of nitrogen source c control. Recent studies of the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of I III - V compound have established that a molecular level understanding of the d deposition process is mandatory in controlling the selectivity parameters. This led t to the concept of using a single source organometallic precursor, having the c constituent elements in stoichiometric ratio, for MOCVD growth of 삼Ie required b binary compound. I In this study, therefore, we have been carried out the growth of h-BN thin f films on silicon substrates using a single source precursors. Polycrystalline h-BN t thin films were deposited on silicon in the temperature range of $\alpha$)() - 900 $^{\circ}$C from t the organometallic precursors of Boron-Triethylamine complex, (CZHs)3N:BRJ, and T Tris(dimethylamino)Borane, [CH3}zNhB, by supersonic molecular jet and remote p plasma assisted MOCVD. Hydrogen was used as carrier gas, and additional nitrogen w was supplied by either aDlIDonia through a nozzle, or nitrogen via a remote plasma. T The as-grown films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x x-ray pthotoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, t transmission electron diffraction, optical transmission, and atomic force microscopy.roscopy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.515-529
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• 2006

Periodontal regeneration refers to the restoration of bone, cementum and periodontal ligament to their original levels before damage from periodontal disease process. Various surgical techniques to the promotion of periodontal regeneration have been used. Bone graft and guided tissue regeneration have used for the regeneration of furcation involvements which caused by periodontal disease. Fibrin adhesive is agents that have been shown to be effective in periodontal regeneration and biological carrier. Calcium sulfate which is one of the resorbable barrier materials has used for guided tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effects between bone graft using fibrin adhesive and calcium sulfate barrier in the mandibular class II furcation involvement. For the study, twenty-six class II furcation involved teeth were surgically treated. 13 furcation defects(test group) were treated with bonegraft and fibrin adhesive and the others(control group) were treated with bone graft and calcium sulfate barrier. Pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession were measured at baseline, postoperative 3 and 6 months. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The change of pocket depth and clinical attachment level in both groups was decreased significantly at 3, 6 months than at baseline(p<0.05). 2. The change of gingival recession in both groups was increased significantly at 3, 6 months than at baseline(p<0.05). 3. The change of pocket depth and clinical attachment level in both groups was decreased at 3, 6 months, and the change of gingival recession in both groups was increased at 3, 6 months but there were no statistically or clinically significant differences with both groups. 4. The significant reduction of the pocket depth and clinical attachment level exhibited marked changes at 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that there are no statistically or clinically significant differences between fibrin adhesive and calcium sulfate barrier in the treatment of class II furcations using xenograft.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2018

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a system in which a physical system and a cyber system are strongly integrated. In order to operate the target physical system stably, the CPS constantly monitors the physical system through the sensor and performs control using the actuator according to the current state. If a malicious attacker performs a forgery attack on the measured values of the sensors in order to conceal their attacks, the cyber system operated based on the collected data can not recognize the current operation status of the physical system. This causes the delay of the response of the automation system and the operator, and then more damage will occur. To protect the CPS from increasingly sophisticated and targeted attacks, countermeasures must be developed that can detect stealthy deception attacks. However, in the CPS environment composed of various heterogeneous devices, the process of analyzing and demonstrating the vulnerability to actual field devices requires a lot of time. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method of constructing the experiment environment of the PLCitM (PLC in the middle) which can verify the performance of the techniques to detect the CPS stealthy deception attack and present the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2003

Over the decades, a lot of studies have dealt with the traffic characteristics and phenomena at a merging area. However, relatively few analytical techniques have been developed to evaluate the traffic flow at the area and, especially, the ramp merging capacity has rarely been. This study focused on the merging behaviors that were characterized by the relationship between the shoulder lane flow and the on-ramp flow, and modeled these behaviors to determine ramp merge capacity by using gap acceptance theory. In the process of building the model, both an ideal mergence and a forced mergence were considered when ramp-merging vehicles entered the gap provided by the flow of the shoulder lane. In addition, the model for the critical gap was proposed because the critical gap was the most influential factor to determine merging capacity in the developed models. The developed models showed that the merging capacity value was on the increase as the critical gap decreased and the shoulder lane volume increased. This study has a meaning of modeling the merging behaviors including the forced merging type to determine ramp merging capacity more precisely. The findings of this study would help analyze traffic phenomena and understand traffic behaviors at a merging area, and might be applicable to decide the primary parameters of on-ramp control by considering the effects of ramp merging flow.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2005

A study on the beneficiation of illite occurring in Youngdong province is performed with applying selective grinding and air classification techniques. Quartz and illite are occurred as major components, and sulfide minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite are associated as minor components. The result of sieving test shows that contents of Al₂O₃, K₂O and ignition loss are increased, whereas SiO₂ is decreased with particle size decrease. Fe₂O₃ content is almost same in all the particle size range but slightly lower at coarse particles. The yield of fine particles is increased with increasing rotor speed in both grinding stage and air classification stage. When the selective grinding and air classification are carried out at optimal condition, yield of the concentrate is 76.16 wt.%. The chemical compositions of the concentrate are SiO₂70.13%, Al₂O₃ 19.40%, Fe₂O₃ 1.62%, K₂O 5.20%, and ignition loss 2.77%. The beneficiation process developed in the current study is very effective method which purification and particle size control can be achieved simultaneously.