• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a method that can construct efficiently a P2P overlay multicast network composed of many heterogeneous peers in communication bandwidth, processing power and a storage size by selecting a peer in a distributed fashion using an ant-colony theory that is one of the computational intelligence methods. The proposed method considers not only the capacity of a peer but also the number of children peers supported by the peer and the hop distance between a multicast source and the peer when selecting a parent peer of a newly joining node. Thus, an P2P multicast overlay network is constructed efficiently in that the distances between a multicast source and peers are maintained small. In addition, the proposed method works in a distributed fashion in that peers use their local information to find a parent node. Thus, compared to a centralized method where a centralized server maintains and controls the overlay construction process, the proposed method scales well. Through simulations, we show that, by making a few high capacity peers support a lot of low capacity peers, the proposed method can maintain the size of overlay network small even there are a few thousands of peers in the network.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.51-62
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• 2015

Of recent interests on high capacity DNA storage, DNA watermarking for DNA copyright protection, and DNA steganography for DNA secret communication are augmented, the reversible DNA watermarking is much needed both to embed the watermark without changing the functionality of organism and to perfectly recover the host DNA sequence. In this paper, we address two ways of DE based reversible DNA watermarking using noncoding DNA sequence. The reversible DNA watermarking should consider the string structure of a DNA sequence, the organism functionality, the perfect recovery, and the high embedding capacity. We convert the string sequence of four characters in noncoding region to the decimal coded values and embed the watermark bit into coded values by two ways; DE based multiple bits embedding (DE-MBE) using pairs of neighbor coded values and consecutive DE-MBE (C-DE-MBE). Two ways process the comparison searching to prevent the false start codon that produces false coding region. Experimental results verified that our ways have more high embedding capacity than conventional methods and produce no false start codon and recover perfectly the host sequence without the reference sequence. Especially C-DE-MBE can embed more high two times than DE-MBE.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.517-526
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• 2008

A one-chip DC-DC converter circuit for OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode) display module of automotive clusters is newly proposed. OLED panel driving voltage circuit, which is a charge-pump type, has improved characteristics in miniaturization, low cost and EMI(Electro-Magnetic Interference) compared with DC-DC converter of PWM(Pulse Width Modulator) type. By using bulk-potential biasing circuit, charge loss due to parasitic PNP BJT formed in charge pumping, is prevented. In addition, the current dissipation in start-up circuit of band-gap reference voltage generator is reduced by 42% and the layout area of ring oscillator is reduced by using a logic voltage VLP in ring oscillator circuit using VDD supply voltage. The driving current of VDD, OLED driving voltage, is over 40mA, which is required in OLED panels. The test chip is being manufactured using $0.25{\mu}m$ high-voltage process and the layout area is $477{\mu}m{\times}653{\mu}m$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2008

In this paper, x-ray image sensor of photon counting type having a $32{\times}32$ pixel array is designed with $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well CMOS process. Each pixel of the designed image sensor has an area of loot $100{\times}100\;{\mu}m2$ and is composed of about 400 transistors. It has an open pad of an area of $50{\times}50{\mu}m2$ of CSA(charge Sensitive Amplifier) with x-ray detector through a bump bonding. To reduce layout size, self-biased folded cascode CMOS OP amp is used instead of folded cascode OP amp with voltage bias circuit at each single-pixel CSA, and 15-bit LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register) counter clock generator is proposed to remove short pulse which occurs from the clock before and after it enters the counting mode. And it is designed that sensor data can be read out of the sensor column by column using a column address decoder to reduce the maximum current of the CMOS x-ray image sensor in the readout mode.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 2007

As a promising technology that enables ubiquitous computing and will lead the information technology industries of the next generation, the new field of sensor networks is one of the most active research topics today. From now on, each node, the network formation, and even the sensor network itself will interact with the generic network and evolve dynamically according to environmental changes, in a process of continual creation and extinction. In this paper, we propose a address-Internetworking scheme for interactive networking between a sensor network and the Internet based on the TCP port-numbers. The proposed scheme enables internetworking between a sensor network address scheme based on Zigbee and the Internet address scheme based on the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). We implement the proposed address-Internetworking scheme using Berkeley TinyOS, Mica Motes, and IP. In addition we verify the proposed scheme by an interconnection experiment, which involves wireless sensor networks and the Internet, using IPv4/IPv6.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1899-1909
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• 2007

A cross-coupled charge pump with internal pumping capacitor, witch is advantages from a point of minimizing TFT-LCD driver IC module, is newly proposed in this paper. By using a NMOS and a PMOS diode connected to boosting node from VIN node, the pumping node is precharged to the same value each pumping node at start pumping operation. Since the lust-stage charge pump is designed differently from the other stage pumps, a back current of pumped charge from charge pumping node to input stage is prevented. As a pumping clock driver is located the font side of pumping capacitor, the driving capacity is improved by reducing a voltage drop of the pumping clock line from parasitic resistor. Finally, a layout area is decreased more compared with conventional cross-coupled charge pump by using a stack-MIM capacitors. A proposed charge pump for TFT-LCD driver IC is designed with $0.13{\mu}m$ triple-well DDI process, fabricated, and tested.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.2083-2090
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a method for control of temperature and the direction of wind in an air-cooler using thermal images and fuzzy inference rules in order to achieve energy saving. In a simulation for controlling temperature, a thermal image is transformed to a color distribution image of $300{\times}400$ size to analyze the thermal image. A color distribution image is composed of R, G and B values haying temperature values of Red, Magenta, Yellow, Green, Cyan and Blue. Each color has a temperature value from $24.0^{\circ}C$ to $27.0^{\circ}C$ and a color distribution image is classified into height hierarchies from level 1 to level 10. The classified hierarchies have their peculiar color distributions and temperature values are assigned to each level by temperature values of the peculiar colors. The process for controlling overall balance of temperature and the direction of wind in an indoor space is as follows. Fuzzy membership functions are designed by the direction of wind, duration time, and temperature and height values of a color distribution image to calculate the strength of wind. After then, the strength of wind is calculated by membership values of membership functions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.441-452
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• 2018

Background : The prevalence of the chronic metabolic disease is increasing due to the aging society. Therefore, Korean Society of Health-system Pharmacists (KSHP) has a specialty pharmacist system to improve the professionalism of pharmacists. The purpose of this study is to suggest the difference between specialty pharmacist and non-specialty pharmacist with regards to their knowledge, delivery of information on medication, service provision, and job satisfaction. Methods : An online survey research was conducted for hospital pharmacists. The reliability of the questionnaire items was presented using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ test. The t-test or ANOVA analysis was used for evaluating differences in continuous variables. Results : A total of 171 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire, and 87.7% of the respondents were aged less than 30 years (76.6%) and four-year graduates (86.0%). Typically, 108 (63.2%) were candidates for the pharmacist's specialty certificate, and the remaining 63 (36.8%) were not enrolled. Considering the field of specialty with overlapping, the total number of certificated patients was 140 (26.3% of the total of 532 in 2016). The results of the reliability analysis of the specific questionnaire showed that the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value was over 0.78. There was no significant difference in customer directionality between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) with respect to overall knowledge about the treatment process, drug efficacy, and side effects, information about medicines and adverse drug reactions, and in providing appropriate information to medical staff including patients and physicians. Conclusions : The pharmacist with specialization showed a positive result of self-evaluation of items such as knowledge about drugs, communication of information on medications, and service provision, compared to other pharmacists, and the result was in correlation with the numbers of specialization. There was no difference in job satisfaction related to working environment. Henceforth, it is hypothesized that there is a necessity for continuous improvement in the working environment to suit the purpose of the pharmacy specialist system.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.29-47
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• 2018

The relationship between Confucian tradition and modern China has been discussed since the last century only on a preconceived level of "pre-modernization" without practical orientation, since the discussion has been referred to the modern West while China has not yet commenced modernization. Such being the case, it is of great significance to revert to this topic in the contemporary context of China's modernization. In other words, such new discussions are concerned with a series of difficulties China is presently confronted. To put it brief, the profit-oriented market economy has bit by bit undermined the traditional customs of the mild agricultural society, resulting in the emotional apathy among people, crush of the ethical order, discard of morality in life, ignorance of man's spiritual existence, and ultimately the extremely unbalanced development of "beggar-thy-neighbor" situation among ethnic groups, countries and regions. Since Confucius time, the Confucian tradition has always been attaching great importance to purify customs through social rules for etiquette and harmony, in the process of which, the ethic order is arranged to promote the emotional communication among group members, the individuals are cultivated to enhance their spiritual realms, and most importantly, those social rules for etiquette and harmony are casted as forms of civilization so as to achieve peace and harmony of the whole world. The integration of these three aspects of the Confucian tradition can undoubtedly provide a reference for solving considerable problems confronted by modern China.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.103-135
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• 2014

This research dwells on the new paradigm of policy making of some innovative nations in Korean content industry. Especially this paper did evaluation of governmental policy in recent 5 years (2008~2012) in the field of Korean content industry. According to this research, the program of policy in Korean content industry had been obsessed to passive enrichment focusing on some part of content industry. The whole process of policy, scheme of policy and working flow of policy were very constrained in order to encourage more measurable area like CT(culture technology). Thus, we need new strong policy in this new government launched in 2013. The apparent keyword should be 'management'. New activity of policy need to focus on encourage Korean content industry in the real site of field, not in bureaucratic office in remote site. This change reflecting real filed management system would be productive innovation for policy making and activity in Korea.