• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.183-188
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• 2022

Recently, more and more researches aimed at the development of automated and autonomous ships are appearing in the scientific environment. One of the main reason is the need to solve the problems of safe navigation and reducing accidents due to human factor, as well as the ever-increasing problem associated with the lack of qualified maritime personnel. Development of technologies based on application of artificial intelligence also plays important role, after all for realization of autonomous navigation concept and enhancement of ship automatic maneuvering processes, advancement of maneuvering functions and elaboration of specific algorithms on prevention of close quarter situations and dangerous approach of ships will be required. The purpose of this work is the review of preconditions of occurrence of the autonomous ship navigation conception, overview of introduction stages and prospects for ship remote control based on unmanned technologies, analysis of technical and intellectual decisions of autonomous surface ships, main research tendencies. The research revealed that the technology of autonomous ship navigation requires further development and improvement, especially in terms of the data transmission protocols upgrading, sensors of navigation information and automatic control systems modernization, which allows to perform monitoring of equipment with the aim of improving the functions of control over the autonomous surface ship operation.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.319-342
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• 2022

This study analyzed the effect of pay-as-you-throw bag prices on domestic waste through the natural experiment difference in difference with synthetic control method using cases of price cuts in some districts in Busan in 2019. In order to consider the endogenous problem when estimating demand and price elasticity, the price-invariant district was set as a synthetic control group and the price-cutting district was set as a treatment group. As a result of the analysis, the price elasticity of demand was 0.05~0.11, and the price of the pay-as-you-throw bag had little effect in sales. This seems to be because pay-as-you-throw bag is necessities and account for a very small proportion of household income. This suggests that a policy that can shift the demand curve will be more effective than a price policy to achieve the waste reduction goal because the demand curve is almost vertical.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.627-644
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• 2022

In past major earthquakes (1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe, Chi-Chi 1999, Kocaeli 1999), significant damages occurred in the liquid storage tanks. The basic failure patterns were observed to be the buckling of the tank wall and uplift of the anchorage system. The damages in the industrial facilities and nuclear power plants have caused the spread of toxic substances to the environment and significant fires. Seismic isolation can be used in liquid storage tanks to decouple the structure and decrease the structural demand in the superstructure in case of ground shaking. Previous studies on the use of seismic isolation systems on liquid storage tanks show that an isolation system reduces the impulsive response but might slightly increase the convective one. There is still a lack of understanding of the seismic response of seismically isolated liquid storage tanks considering the fluid-structure interaction. In this study, one broad tank, one medium tank, and one slender tank are selected and designed. Two- and three-dimensional elastomeric bearings are used as seismic isolation systems. The seismic performance of the tanks is then investigated through nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. The effectiveness of each seismic isolation system on tanks' performance was investigated. Isolator tension forces, modal analysis results, hydrodynamic stresses, strains, sloshing heights and base shear forces of the tanks are compared. The results show that the total base shear is lower in 3D-isolators compared to 2D-isolators. Even though the tank wall stresses, and strains are slightly higher in 3D-isolators, they are more efficient to prevent the tension problem.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2022

Korean medicine has traditionally provided a lot of medical care for the treatment of infertility. The combination treatment of Korean medicine and Western medicine can be effective for infertility to improve the problems caused by the extremely low fertility rate and the aging of pregnant women. In relation to female infertility, we reviewed the evidence for Korean medicine treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome, which has recently been increasing interest in female infertility, and the evidence for the collaboration between Korean and Western medicine in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility. Because polycystic ovary syndrome is closely related to metabolic diseases related to endocrine abnormalities, hormone treatment alone has limited therapeutic effects and has side effects. In domestic and international research, herbal medicine and acupuncture in the treatment of infertility have shown good clinical effects based on the hypothesis of various mechanisms of effect, and many cases of successful pregnancy have been reported. Although continuous research through large-scale randomized clinical studies is needed to prove efficacy, the importance of combined treatment of Korean medicine and Western medicine in infertility treatment is increasing in order to solve the extremely low fertility rate. Combining artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization with Korean medicine treatment is highly likely to be effective in increasing pregnancy success and fertility rates. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, which is recognized as a metabolic disease due to endocrine abnormalities among the causes of female infertility, Korean medicine treatment can increase the pregnancy rate with herbal medicines and acupuncture, etc. Although well-designed large-scale clinical studies are currently lacking and meta-analysis has not provided sufficient evidence, the combination treatment of Korean medicine and Western medicine is more active to increase the pregnancy rate for solving the problem of low fertility.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.451-459
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• 2022

Purpose: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common musculoskeletal problem that causes pain in and disability of masticatory muscles, the temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ), and related structures. The purpose of this study was to compare pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of masticatory muscles, cervical ranges of motion (ROM), and pelvic mobility during gait of subjects with or without TMD. Methods: In this study, pain thresholds and changes in the mobility of the cervical vertebrae and pelvis were measured in 25 patients with TMD and 25 healthy controls. Using a pressure algometer, the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of the masseter and temporalis muscles were measured in both groups. A gyroscope sensor with a mobile application was used to determine cervical ROM in the frontal and sagittal planes. A 3D-motion analysis system was used to evaluate pelvic mobility in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes during gait. Results: The TMD group showed significantly decreased PPTs of masseter and temporalis muscles compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Cervical ROM in flexion, extension, and lateral bending were significantly decreased in the TMD group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, antero-posterior pelvic tilt was significantly decreased in the TMD group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that there are close anatomical and functional relationships between TMD and muscle chains related to the cervical spine and pelvis. Therefore, more comprehensive body posture assessments, especially of painful areas, should be undertaken when studying TMD patients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.905-910
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• 2022

Drowsy driving requires a lot of social attention because it increases the incidence of traffic accidents and leads to fatal accidents. The number of accidents caused by drowsy driving is increasing every year. Therefore, in order to solve this problem all over the world, research for measuring various biosignals is being conducted. Among them, this paper focuses on non-contact biosignal analysis. Various noises such as engine, tire, and body vibrations are generated in a running vehicle. To measure the driver's heart rate and respiration rate in a driving vehicle with a piezoelectric sensor, a sensor plate that can cushion vehicle vibrations was designed and noise generated from the vehicle was reduced. In addition, we developed a system for classifying whether the driver is sleeping or not by extracting the model using the CNN-LSTM ensemble learning technique based on the signal of the piezoelectric sensor. In order to learn the sleep state, the subject's biosignals were acquired every 30 seconds, and 797 pieces of data were comparatively analyzed.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.199-208
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• 2022

Korean is an agglutinative language, and one or more morphemes are combined to form a single word. Part-of-speech tagging method separates each morpheme from a word and attaches a part-of-speech tag. In this study, we propose a new Korean part-of-speech tagging method based on the Head-Tail tokenization technique that divides a word into a lexical morpheme part and a grammatical morpheme part without decomposing compound words. In this method, the Head-Tail is divided by the syllable boundary without restoring irregular deformation or abbreviated syllables. Korean part-of-speech tagger was implemented using the Head-Tail tokenization and deep learning technique. In order to solve the problem that a large number of complex tags are generated due to the segmented tags and the tagging accuracy is low, we reduced the number of tags to a complex tag composed of large classification tags, and as a result, we improved the tagging accuracy. The performance of the Head-Tail part-of-speech tagger was experimented by using BERT, syllable bigram, and subword bigram embedding, and both syllable bigram and subword bigram embedding showed improvement in performance compared to general BERT. Part-of-speech tagging was performed by integrating the Head-Tail tokenization model and the simplified part-of-speech tagging model, achieving 98.99% word unit accuracy and 99.08% token unit accuracy. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the performance of part-of-speech tagging improved when the maximum token length was limited to twice the number of words.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.629-640
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• 2021

According to statistics from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in 2018, approximately 37% of residential buildings in Korea need to be reconstructed. Due to the rapid growth of the demolition industry, many side effects such as environmental destruction and safety accidents are becoming a problem in the demolition of existing buildings. This study proposes a decision-making process for selecting the most suitable dismantling method for field application by comprehensively considering safety, economic feasibility, and environmental characteristics. In particular, field applicability is evaluated by evaluating risk factors for the selected method. To this end, this study proposes the TOPSIS method for the selection of the dismantling method using the QFD development concept, and the FMEA method as a continuous development process of the selected method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.419-427
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• 2021

Due to the effects of climate change and the reduction of the labor force due to COVID-19, the crop yield, harvest time, and cultivated area are rapidly changing every year. In order to respond flexibly to this situation, attempts to apply smart farm technology based on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to individual farms are increasing. On the other hand, various stakeholders are trying to predict the yield of crops using artificial intelligence and IoT technology, but accurate prediction is difficult due to the lack of learning data. In this study, in order to overcome the data collection problem limited to a specific institution, a smart farmer service technology based on community mapping was developed in which farmers directly participate, input and share accurate data to predict production. In the process, analysis was performed on napa cabbage, which is a vegetable with a large price change compared to production.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.473-478
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• 2022

Evaluation learning based on code testing is becoming a popular solution in programming education via Online judge(OJ). In the recent past, many papers have been published on how to detect plagiarism through source code similarity analysis to support OJ. However, deep learning-based research to support automated tutoring is insufficient. In this paper, we propose Input & Output side FiLM models to predict whether the input code will pass or fail. By applying Feature-wise Linear Modulation(FiLM) technique to GRU, our model can learn combined information of Java byte codes and problem information that it tries to solve. On experimental design, a balanced sampling technique was applied to evenly distribute the data due to the occurrence of asymmetry in data collected by OJ. Among the proposed models, the Input Side FiLM model showed the highest performance of 73.63%. Based on result, it has been shown that students can check whether their codes will pass or fail before receiving the OJ evaluation which could provide basic feedback for improvements.