• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.249-258
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• 2022

Since the advent of Bitcoin, various virtual assets have been actively traded through virtual asset services of virtual asset exchanges. Recently, security accidents have frequently occurred in virtual asset exchanges, so the government is obligated to obtain information security management system (ISMS) certification to strengthen information protection of virtual asset exchanges, and 56 additional specialized items have been established. In this paper, we compared the domain importance of ISMS and CryptoCurrency Security Standard (CCSS) which is a set of requirements for all information systems that make use of cryptocurrencies, and analyzed the results after mapping them to gain insight into the characteristics of each certification system. Improvements for 4 items of High Level were derived by classifying the priorities for improvement items into 3 stages: High, Medium, and Low. These results can provide priority for virtual asset and information system security, support method and systematic decision-making on improvement of certified items, and contribute to vitalization of virtual asset transactions by enhancing the reliability and safety of virtual asset services.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 1994

Recently, two main changes were observed in relation to activities of District Health Centers. One is the rapid increase in the quantity and variety of people's demands for health services due to improvement of income level and the other is an introduction of autonomy in local administration. Unitl recently, the District Health Services were mostly depended on the instructions and orders given by Central Governments, and it would be necessary to prepare for the future implementation of autonomous local administration. Especially, the urban health centers may need more attention than those in rural areas because of their complexity and it would be more difficult in choosing and implementing a most suitable health programs for urban communities. This study was made to find out a feasibl developmental model which could be applicable for the urban bealth centers in Kyeongnam- do area. The most studies relating to health centers activities in the past were made by saking questions to current health center workers, but this study has made an effort to find out the opinions of those who are representing the people in the community. For this study, therefore, the Members of Gity Parliament and Village Headmen from 10 cities is Kyeongnam- do were interviewed for the study and the results obtained were compared to those of health officers. It was found that both Parliament Members and Village Headmen were well aware of the need of health centers, however, they tend to put lower priority for health services in compare with other community activities, and pointed out poor quality of services and lack of public understanding as the problems to be overcome. As to the desirable body for policy decision and implementation of health programs, the Members of Local Parliament think the Local Parliament as ideal, where as Village Headmen prefer health experts, and health officenr prefer District Health Center respectively. The most urgent problems of the District health Centers are mentioned as lack of health manpower. As the results of his study, the followings are suggested for improvement of District Health Services; First : reinforcement of professional health workers, Second : establishment of Community Health Council, Third : strengthening of public health education and support, Fourth : flexibility in Local Autonomy and target system relating to health activities.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2023

Project evaluation is the process of evaluating the progress and results of a project. Smart city projects can be divided into system components (infrastructure, services, platforms), or projects can run simultaneously for multiple services. In addition, services are developed and expanded through additional projects. In order to ensure that the smart city, which is composed of various projects, proceeds in accordance with the goals and strategies, periodic project evaluation is required during the project implementation process. The smart city project evaluation system proposed in this paper is designed to provide comprehensive and objective indicators by reflecting various factors that must be considered for projects occurring in all stages of planning, design, construction, and operation of smart cities. The indicators derived from the evaluation system can be used by decision makers to determine the direction of smart city project development. In addition, it is designed so that the performance of the project can be evaluated interim before the end of the project and the feedback obtained from it can be reflected. To introduce the application method of the smart city project evaluation system proposed in this study, the evaluation system developed in this study was applied to the smart city project case of Incheon Free Economic Zone (IFEZ). Based on the evaluation results, items that can maximize the improvement effect of each smart city project item were presented, and the direction of smart city project implementation was suggested. By utilizing a smart city project evaluation system that reflects the characteristics of smart city projects that are composed of multiple projects, comprehensive planning and management of smart city projects will be possible, and this study will serve as a reference for identifying priority improvement factors for projects.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4D
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• pp.467-472
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• 2009

Even if Seoul City administration improved its public transportation service, transportation model share in seoul has not been increased. Subway user is also decreasing. Therefore, policy transition into TOD(Transit Oriented Development) should be applied in oder to enhance subway modal share. This paper develops a influencing model by using variables of transportation demand and supply. In addition, it provides major influencing factors for users in subway station area and level of transportation supply based on the analysis results. The results show that: first, cluster analysis presents that traffic pattern is proved to be different according to land use characteristics(residence, non-residence); second, main transportation variables such as transferring distance, the number of bus stop, the number of short distant bus lines, and the number of bicycle are more supplied in residential area compared to non-residential areas; third, the number of lines, bus dispatching interval, operating time, and distance between subway stations are more supplied in non-residential areas than residential areas. All in all, the results will be useful for providing priority of considerations in case of decision-making on public transportation policy in subway station area.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.572-577
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• 2009

Large corpus-based concatenating Text-to-Speech (TTS) systems can generate natural synthetic speech without additional signal processing. To prune the redundant speech segments in a large speech segment DB, we can utilize a decision-tree based triphone clustering algorithm widely used in speech recognition area. But, the conventional methods have problems in representing the acoustic transitional characteristics of the phones and in applying context questions with hierarchic priority. In this paper, we propose a new clustering algorithm to downsize the speech DB. Firstly, three 13th order MFCC vectors from first, medial, and final frame of a phone are combined into a 39 dimensional vector to represent the transitional characteristics of a phone. And then the hierarchically grouped three question sets are used to construct the triphone trees. For the performance test, we used DTW algorithm to calculate the acoustic similarity between the target triphone and the triphone from the tree search result. Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the size of speech DB by 23% and select better phones with higher acoustic similarity. Therefore the proposed method can be applied to make a small sized TTS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.191-214
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• 2018

This research empirically analyzed the selection factors and the locational selection factors of the medical service facilities according to the gradual increase of the importance of the selection factors and the locational selection factors regarding the establishments of the small- and medium-sized hospitals according to the rapid changes of the socio-economic conditions. By analyzing the priority order according to the levels of the importance of each evaluation item factor through a research related to the selection factors and the locational selection factors of the small- and medium-sized hospitals and by drawing what the important factors that have the influences on the competitiveness of the pre-existent small- and medium-sized hospitals are through the classification of the real estate locational factors and the non-locational factors, the purpose lies in utilizing them as the basic data and materials for the opening strategies of the small- and medium-sized hospitals considering the special, locational characteristics according to the important factors of the selection factors of the small- and medium-sized hospitals, regarding the medical suppliers that have been preparing, for opening the new, small- and medium-sized hospitals. Based on the results of the preceding researches and the researches on the case examples, 28 evaluation factors were arrived at in terms of the level of the medical treatment, the medical services, the accessibilities of the hospitals, the conveniences of the hospitals, and the physical environment. And, regarding the 28 detailed evaluation factors that had been collected, through the interviews with the related experts, the 5 factors of the medical level, the medical service, the expertise of the hospital, the convenience of the hospital, and the physical environment were selected as the upper class evaluation factors. And, according to each upper class, a total of 28 low-part evaluation factors were selected. Regarding the optimal evaluation factors that were selected, the optimal locational factors were selected by carrying out an AHP questionnaire survey investigation with 200 medical experts as the subjects. Regarding the AHP analysis results, similarly with the case examples of the precedent researches, the levels of the importance appeared in the order of the medical level, the medical services, the accessibility of the hospital, the physical environment, and the convenience. And the factors that were related to the facilities of a hospital appeared low. The results of this research can be applied in providing the basis for the decision-makings regarding the selections of the locations of the small- and medium-sized hospitals in the future.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.13-35
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• 2020

Startup accelerators are a new type of investors providing a certain amount of shares for imparting education, mentoring, networking, and providing space and seed money that can directly resolve the difficulties faced by nascent entrepreneurs (Clarysse, 2016). Startup accelerators have expanded worldwide as their influence over the startup ecosystem has increasingly been established (Pauwels et al., 2016; Cohen & Hochberg, 2014). This study was conducted to derive investment determinants of startup accelerators that are emerging as major investment players around the world. To this end, the accelerator-type determinants of investment were derived. As previous research on this topic is nonexistent, this process involved qualitative meta-synthesis, literature reviews, observation, and in-depth interviews. First, more than 30 research papers were examined for the determinants of investment for firms at an early stage of their foundation, and the categories and determinants of investment in the relevant studies were comparatively analyzed using qualitative meta-synthesis. Further, related data were investigated to identify the characteristics of accelerators, and the startup evaluation process of US accelerators was studied. The more than 100 questions raised during this process were coded to examine the determinants of investment that accelerators considered important. In-depth interviews were conducted with four US accelerators to identify the characteristics of accelerators and key determinants of investment. Ultimately, 5 categories of accelerator-type determinants of investment and 26 subordinate determinants of investment were derived. The results were verified and supplemented by consulting with seven accelerators in Korea. The results were confirmed after pilot tests and verification by seven domestic accelerators. After confirming the accelerator-type determinants, the reliability of them was verified by examining the importance and priority of each category through the quantitative survey of Korean accelerators. The research that elicited the accelerator-type investment determinants is the first research and is expected to be a major reference to the progress of subsequent studies. This research that systematically derived the investment determinants of the accelerator is expected to make major contributions to the progress of follow-up studies, the process of selecting startups, and the investment decision-making process of the accelerators.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.3 s.81
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• pp.95-108
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop the ITS evaluation model using the Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA) methodology and to demonstrate the goodness-of-fit of the large ITS projects through the comparative analysis between DEA and PRA model. The results of this study are summarized below. First, the evaluation mode] using PRA with Monte-Carlo Simulation(MCS) and Latin-Hypercube Sampling(LHS) is developed and applied to one of ITS projects initiated by local government. The risk factors are categorized with cost, benefit and social-economic factors. Then, PDF(Probability Density Function) parameters of these factors are estimated. The log-normal distribution, beta distribution and triangular distribution are well fitted with the market and delivered price. The triangular and uniform distributions are valid in benefit data from the simulation analysis based on the several deployment scenarios. Second, the decision making rules for the risk analysis of projects for cost and economic feasibility study are suggested. The developed PRA model is applied for the Daejeon metropolitan ITS model deployment project to validate the model. The results of cost analysis shows that Deterministic Project Cost(DPC), Deterministic Total Project Cost(DTPC) is the biased percentile values of CDF produced by PRA model and this project need Contingency Budget(CB) because these values are turned out to be less than Target Value(TV;85% value), Also, this project has high risk of DTPC and DPC because the coefficient of variation(C.V) of DTPC and DPC are 4 and 15 which are less than that of DTPC(19-28) and DPC(22-107) in construction and transportation projects. The results of economic analysis shows that total system and subsystem of this project is in type II, which means the project is economically feasible with high risk. Third, the goodness-of-fit of PRA model is verified by comparing the differences of the results between PRA and DEA model. The difference of evaluation indices is up to 68% in maximum. Because of this, the deployment priority of ITS subsystems are changed in each mode1. In results. ITS evaluation model using PRA considering the project risk with the probability distribution is superior to DEA. It makes proper decision making and the risk factors estimated by PRA model can be controlled by risk management program suggested in this paper. Further research not only to build the database of deployment data but also to develop the methodologies estimating the ITS effects with PRA model is needed to broaden the usage of PRA model for the evaluation of ITS projects.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.523-537
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• 2023

This study encompassed the responses of 284 elementary school teachers, focusing on their teaching experiences, readiness, and needs for science education concerning the risk posed by science and technology. The key findings are summarized as follows. First, a significant portion of teachers lacked prior experience in addressing risks associated with science and technology within their science education practices. Second, a greater number of teachers were aware of the inclusion of risk-related content in the 2022 revised science curriculum's achievement standards than those who were not. Third, in terms of teachers' understanding of risk perception, risk assessment, and risk management, they demonstrated a relatively high level of understanding of risk perception but a lower level of understanding of risk assessment. Fourth, most teachers had not undergone any formal education or training related to risk. Fifth, among the 10 objectives of risk education, teachers displayed the highest competence in teaching "information use" and "action skills," while their lowest competence was observed in "interpreting probabilities" and "evaluating risk assessment." Sixth, a majority of teachers believe that it is important to teach about the risks posed by science and technology in school science classes, with "action skills," "information use," and "decision-making skills" being considered the most important and "action skills," "information use," and "influence of mass media" being regarded as the most urgent. However, teachers anticipated difficulties in addressing risk in school science classes, including a lack of relevant educational materials, a lack of understanding of teaching theories related to risk education, and the relationship between science curriculum content and achievement standards. Seventh, as a result of calculating the educational needs for each of the 10 goals of risk education, "influence of risk perception," "decision-making skills," "action skills," and "evaluate risk assessment" were the priority needs of elementary school teachers.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.279-292
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze agricultural accident and disease using statistical data and materials about National Survey for Health & Nutrition in 2001 and to provide fundamental materials for studies about farmers' health and safety, decision of priority about research and policy. Results: Diagnosed chronic disease prevalence is 72.4% in farmer/fisher group, 49.8% in non farmer/fisher group. The chronic disease prevalence of musculoskeletal disease, circulatory disease, and gastroenteric disease is 46.5%, 18.2%, and 17.9% in farmer/fisher group respectively. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disease in farmer/fisher is 2.4 times higher than non farmer/fisher. This result shows that it need to evaluation for risk factors of musculoskeletal disease preferentially. Lifetime accident/poisoning rate is 18.2% In farmer/fisher group and 13.3% in non farmer/fisher group. The types of accidents were fracture>sprain>contusion and the reasons of accidents were traffic accident>falling/sliding. Conclusions: "Bad or very bad" response of farmer/fisher is almost 2 times higher than non farmer/fisher group. The rate of smoking and no exercising in farmer/fisher group is higher than non farmer/fisher group.