• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2017

The organic farming was begun with principles and values like environmental friendliness, symbiosis, and cooperation and circulation. And there has cut keen market competition, as sales and market size of organic agricultural products have been much larger. Thus producers and consumers have kept up with the market trend making light of the philosophy and principle of organic agriculture. So cases of fraud or false certification have been increased since 2010. Accordingly, not a few consumers have distrusted of the safety of organic agricultural products. And the status of organic agriculture has shown downward trend and market size of organic agricultural products has been reduced since 2012. Thus the income of organic agricultural farmers hasn't been increased. It is thought that present organic agriculture fell into the crisis. Now, organic agricultural farmers should practice farming methods based upon the philosophy and principle of organic agriculture in order to overcome its crisis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

Objectives : Extra Meridians are important conception for the proper comprehension of the defensive Gi & the defensive Gi, and the principle of the Gi (氣)‘s flow or diffusion. Methods : Extra Meridians could be explained by an anatomical feature and a functional stage. We should analyze the principle of samhap (三合) to have application to meridians. The study of the relationship between Extra Meridians and regular meridians (12正經) is useful to understand origination of the defensive Gi & the nutritive Gi. Results : The origination of the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi could be interpreted by the principle of samhap correctly. The energic patterns in the flow of Gi (氣) are changed by cooperation with Extra Meridians and regular meridians (12正經). Conclusions : We could inferred that growth, disease, health, etc are controlled in cooperation with Extra Meridians (寄經脈) and the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi (營衛). Extra Meridians take many parts in origination of the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi, in the flow or diffusion of them but various energies are controlled basically by regular meridians (12正經). The defensive Gi is originated by Penetration Vessel (衝脈)) and it seems to be made by the principle of samhap (三合) in the process of the nutritive Gi flow (瀯氣流注).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5744-5749
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• 2014

An extraction technique for a common logic expression is an extremely important part of multiple-output logic synthesis. This paper presents a new Boolean extraction technique using an exclusive-OR logic synthesis principle. The logic circuits produced only have AND, OR and NOT gates. Heuristic methods can also be applied to reduce the execution time and the number of literals. The experimental results showed improvements in the literal counts over the previous methods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4369-4377
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• 2011

The goal of this research is to development a coordination supporting script in CSCL and tried to measure of coordination supporting script's effectiveness. Therefor, in this research, after derive macro-script design principle and activity principle from former study and CSCL tool, after derive micro-script from role sign several reference, and then based on those principle developed coordination supporting script. As providing coordination supporting script or not, there will be the sense making difference of effectiveness of coordination supporting script in learning activity(shared mental model). The result of this study may have implication for the research on macro-script and micro-script and educational practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.16-32
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• 2000

This paper aims at exploring financing methods for port development in response to unification of South and North Korea. In so doing, methods of port financing employed by major countries have been enumerated. Major financing sources for the two Korea, among others, taxes, public bond, public administration fund, establishment of harbour maintenance tax, port development tax, port development fund, Civil Economic Cooperation Fund of South and North Korea, and Fund for Port Development of North Korea and, fund for cooperation of South and North Korea, Economic Development Cooperation Fund, borrowing of foreign capital, project financing, domestic civil capital investment, foreign capital investment, application of cross-subsidization principle, etc. were suggested.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2005

Cooperation among network users would be possible in a near future, as real time communication between them can be available by telematics. This implies that non-cooperative assumption like Wardrop's principle, which has been widely used so far in network modelling may not be appropriate for route choice problem. So a new principle requires for describing such cooperative case. This paper presents a criterion, which represents cooperative route choice behaviour among network users. With some examples, we compare the non-cooperative principle and the cooperative one presented in this paper. Numerical results from the examples show that the new principle would be better than the existing one.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2016

This study aims to evaluate the status of implementation of bilateral-fishery order since the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement came into effect in 1999 in order to improve fisheries relationships between two countries. The agreement regulates bilateral-fishery order by the principle of the EEZ regime and mutual benefits among countries. (e.g. the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ and cooperation for resource management). However, the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement has some limitations such as reducing quotas of the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ, strengthening Japanese fisheries regulation, insufficient cooperation for fisheries management and joint countermeasures. In order to improve fisheries relationships between the two countries, it is imperative to rebalance quotas for the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ, to establish effective resource management systems in the Intermediate zone, to invigorate fisheries cooperation in the private sector, and to introduce new management systems by species over the all waters around East Asia. To accomplish such measures, it is necessary for Korean and Japanese governments to improve fisheries relationships based on trust and cooperation, achieving a win-win situation. Additionally, it is required to incorporate fisheries management among Korea, China, and Japan.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.237-269
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• 2016

Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) is the only intergovernmental space cooperation organization in Asia. Since its establishment to date, eight countries have signed the convention and become member states. South Korea participated actively in the preparatory phase of creating the organization, and one conference organized by AP-MCSTA which is the predecessor of APSCO was held in South Korea. However, after the APSCO Convention was opened for signature in 2005 to date, South Korea does not ratify the Convention and become a member. The rapid development of space commercialization and privatization, as well as the fastest growing commercial space market in Asia, provides opportunities for Asian countries to cooperate with each other in relevant space fields. And to participate in the existing cooperation framework (e.g., the APSCO) by the Asian space countries (e.g., South Korea) could be a proper choice. Even if the essential cooperation in particular space fields is challenging, joint space programs among different Asian countries for dealing with the common events can be initiated at the first steps. Since APSCO has learned the successful legal arrangements from ESA, the legal measures established by its Convention are believed to be qualified to ensure the achievement of benefits of different member states. For example, the regulation of the "fair return" principle confirms that the return of interests from the relevant programs is in proportion to the member's investment in the programs. Moreover, the distinguish of basic and optional activities intends to authorize the freedom of the members to choose programs to participate. And for the voting procedure, the acceptance of the "consensus" by the Council is in favor of protecting the member's interest when making decisions. However, political factors that are potential to block the participation of South Korea in APSCO are difficult to be ignored. A recent event is an announcement of deploying THAAD by South Korea, which causes tension between South Korea and China. The cooperation between these two states in space activities will be influenced. A long-standing barrier is that China acts as a non-member of the main international export control mechanism, i.e., the MTCR. The U.S takes this fact as the main reason to prevent South Korea to cooperate with China in developing space programs. Although the political factors that will block the participation of South Korea in APSCO are not easy to removed shortly, legal measures can be taken to reduce the political influence. More specifically, APSCO is recommended to ensure the achievement of commercial interests of different cooperation programs by regulating precisely the implementation of the "fair return" principle. Furthermore, APSCO is also suggested to contribute to managing the common regional events by sharing satellite data. And it is anticipated that these measures can effectively response the requirements of the rapid development of space commercialization and the increasing common needs of Asia, thereby to provide a platform for the further cooperation. In addition, in order to directly reduce the political influence, two legal measures are necessary to be taken: Firstly, to clarify the rights and responsibilities of the host state (i.e., China) as providing assistance, coordination and services to the management of the Organization to release the worries of the other member states that the host state will control the Organization's activities. And secondly, to illustrate that the cooperation in APSCO is for the non-military purpose (a narrow sense of "peaceful purpose") to reduce the political concerns. Regional cooperation in Asia regarding space affairs is considered to be a general trend in the future, so if the participation of South Korea in APSCO can be finally proved to be feasible, there will be an opportunity to discuss the creation of a comprehensive institutionalized framework for space cooperation in Asia.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigate the conventional topological interference management (TIM) with proposed network topology such as 8 trigram (8 user networks). The key observation is that optimal symmetric degree of freedom (DoF) can be achieved for 8 user network with different channel coherence times by adaptively selecting the interference alignment scheme via controlling the alignment feasibility of the transmitted signals. However, this yields a very complex problem, for which we use the combination of different schemes such as interference avoidance and repetition coding. In addition to the above schemes, we propose a triangular transmit cooperation (TTC) algorithm for 8 user networks to achieve the optimal symmetric DoF. And We apply the principle of complementarity of 8 trigram to remove the interferences, and correspond the concepts of win-win and conflict to direct and indirect signals of transmit and receive respectively. We find that the principle of complementarity comes out from the trigram of I Ching. That is, we apply the relation of confrontation and coexistence to 8 transmitters and receivers, and get the results of symmetric DoF of 4/3.

• Strategy21
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• s.42
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• pp.258-292
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• 2017

This paper is designed to make a national strategic concept for the ROK's maritime security and to explore cooperation directions for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in order to implement the newly-made maritime security strategic concept. As strategy is composed of three main categories(goals, ways, means), the goal of the ROK's maritime security strategy is 'Safe and Affluent Sea' and the way to realize the goal is the principle of cooperative leverage, and the means as tasks to implement the strategic concept are maritime safety, maritime security, and maritime stewardship. The concept of national fleet as used in the US is applied to promoting the cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard. Thus, under the newly-established maritime security strategic concept along with the national fleet model, followings are suggested as policy proposals for facilitating mutual cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in dealing with not only traditional threats but also non-traditional treats at sea and from the sea as well. First, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard has been making efforts to enhance interoperability between the two sea services. However, the mutual cooperations have been focused mainly on areas on operational level rather than policy level. Therefore, the two sea services are recommended to enlarge exchanges and cooperation in policy areas. Second, there are still demands for further cooperation areas between the two sea services in command and communications. The interoperability in C2 between the two needs to be upgraded even to the areas of anti-terrorist activities ar sea, ASUW, ASW, maritime interdiction, etc. Third, mutual comparability between the two needs to be reflected in the maritime forces development to ensure the comparability in UNREP and other logistics areas. Fourth, the standardization of logistical materials and equipments is needed as a way of sustaining operational capability and logistical capacity for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard as well. Fifth, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard are recommended to participate more actively in international maritime cooperation activities such as PASSEX. Sixth, Complementary laws and regulations need further to be revised and to be newly made for collectively managing swiftly maritime accidents and natural disasters at sea.