• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.53-69
• /
• 2017

The organic farming was begun with principles and values like environmental friendliness, symbiosis, and cooperation and circulation. And there has cut keen market competition, as sales and market size of organic agricultural products have been much larger. Thus producers and consumers have kept up with the market trend making light of the philosophy and principle of organic agriculture. So cases of fraud or false certification have been increased since 2010. Accordingly, not a few consumers have distrusted of the safety of organic agricultural products. And the status of organic agriculture has shown downward trend and market size of organic agricultural products has been reduced since 2012. Thus the income of organic agricultural farmers hasn't been increased. It is thought that present organic agriculture fell into the crisis. Now, organic agricultural farmers should practice farming methods based upon the philosophy and principle of organic agriculture in order to overcome its crisis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2007

Objectives : Extra Meridians are important conception for the proper comprehension of the defensive Gi & the defensive Gi, and the principle of the Gi (氣)‘s flow or diffusion. Methods : Extra Meridians could be explained by an anatomical feature and a functional stage. We should analyze the principle of samhap (三合) to have application to meridians. The study of the relationship between Extra Meridians and regular meridians (12正經) is useful to understand origination of the defensive Gi & the nutritive Gi. Results : The origination of the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi could be interpreted by the principle of samhap correctly. The energic patterns in the flow of Gi (氣) are changed by cooperation with Extra Meridians and regular meridians (12正經). Conclusions : We could inferred that growth, disease, health, etc are controlled in cooperation with Extra Meridians (寄經脈) and the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi (營衛). Extra Meridians take many parts in origination of the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi, in the flow or diffusion of them but various energies are controlled basically by regular meridians (12正經). The defensive Gi is originated by Penetration Vessel (衝脈)) and it seems to be made by the principle of samhap (三合) in the process of the nutritive Gi flow (瀯氣流注).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.5744-5749
• /
• 2014

다출력 논리식에서 공통식을 추출하는 것은 매우 중요한 기술이다. 본 논문에서는 배타 논리합 식 산출 원리를 이용해서 공통식을 추출하는 새로운 방법을 제안하였다. 산출된 논리식은 AND, OR, NOT 연산자만을 이용해서 전체 논리식을 표현하도록 고안하였다. 공통식 산출의 수행 시간과 리터럴 개수를 줄이기 위해서 선험 방법을 제안하였다. 실험 결과 제안한 방법이 기존의 방법들보다 리터럴 개수를 줄일 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권10호
• /
• pp.4369-4377
• /
• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 CSCL에서 조정활동을 지원하는 조정지원스크립트를 개발하고 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 선행연구와 CSCL 도구를 분석하여 거시적 스크립트 설계원리와 실행원리를 도출하였고, 역할 분담과 관련된 문헌분석을 통해 미시적 스크립트 설계원리를 도출하여 조정지원스크립트를 개발하였다. 개발된 조정지원스크립트를 CSCL 환경에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증한 결과, 조정지원스크립트는 학습활동(공유정신모형)에 유용한 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 거시적 스크립트와 미시적 스크립트를 이용한 연구와 효과적인 협력학습 방법을 모색하는 교육현장에 의미 있는 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.16-32
• /
• 2000

This paper aims at exploring financing methods for port development in response to unification of South and North Korea. In so doing, methods of port financing employed by major countries have been enumerated. Major financing sources for the two Korea, among others, taxes, public bond, public administration fund, establishment of harbour maintenance tax, port development tax, port development fund, Civil Economic Cooperation Fund of South and North Korea, and Fund for Port Development of North Korea and, fund for cooperation of South and North Korea, Economic Development Cooperation Fund, borrowing of foreign capital, project financing, domestic civil capital investment, foreign capital investment, application of cross-subsidization principle, etc. were suggested.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2005

최근 실시간 교통정보제공이 가능해지고, 사용자간의 커뮤니케이션이 활발해짐에 따라, 사용자간의 협력이 가능해질 것으로 보인다. 만약 이런 상황이 현실화된다면, 사용자간의 비협력을 전제로 하는 Wardrop 의 경로선택원리는 수정이 필요하며, 사용자간의 협력을 균형원리에 포함시킬 필요가 있다. 즉, 사용자간의 협력하에서 경로를 선택하는 원리를 새롭게 정의해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 교통정보를 통해 운전자간의 협력이 가능한 교통망 상황하에서 운전자의 경로선택기준을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 Wardrop의 사용자균형(Wardrop User Equilibrium)과는 달리 협력적 사용자균형(Cooperative User Equilibrium)으로 정의하며, 몇 가지 예제를 통하여 이들 두 개의 사용자 균형상태를 분석한 결과, 협력적 균형상태가 Wardrop의 균형상태 보다 더 좋은 해를 찾을 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 수산경영론집
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.31-45
• /
• 2016

This study aims to evaluate the status of implementation of bilateral-fishery order since the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement came into effect in 1999 in order to improve fisheries relationships between two countries. The agreement regulates bilateral-fishery order by the principle of the EEZ regime and mutual benefits among countries. (e.g. the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ and cooperation for resource management). However, the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement has some limitations such as reducing quotas of the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ, strengthening Japanese fisheries regulation, insufficient cooperation for fisheries management and joint countermeasures. In order to improve fisheries relationships between the two countries, it is imperative to rebalance quotas for the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ, to establish effective resource management systems in the Intermediate zone, to invigorate fisheries cooperation in the private sector, and to introduce new management systems by species over the all waters around East Asia. To accomplish such measures, it is necessary for Korean and Japanese governments to improve fisheries relationships based on trust and cooperation, achieving a win-win situation. Additionally, it is required to incorporate fisheries management among Korea, China, and Japan.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.237-269
• /
• 2016

Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) is the only intergovernmental space cooperation organization in Asia. Since its establishment to date, eight countries have signed the convention and become member states. South Korea participated actively in the preparatory phase of creating the organization, and one conference organized by AP-MCSTA which is the predecessor of APSCO was held in South Korea. However, after the APSCO Convention was opened for signature in 2005 to date, South Korea does not ratify the Convention and become a member. The rapid development of space commercialization and privatization, as well as the fastest growing commercial space market in Asia, provides opportunities for Asian countries to cooperate with each other in relevant space fields. And to participate in the existing cooperation framework (e.g., the APSCO) by the Asian space countries (e.g., South Korea) could be a proper choice. Even if the essential cooperation in particular space fields is challenging, joint space programs among different Asian countries for dealing with the common events can be initiated at the first steps. Since APSCO has learned the successful legal arrangements from ESA, the legal measures established by its Convention are believed to be qualified to ensure the achievement of benefits of different member states. For example, the regulation of the "fair return" principle confirms that the return of interests from the relevant programs is in proportion to the member's investment in the programs. Moreover, the distinguish of basic and optional activities intends to authorize the freedom of the members to choose programs to participate. And for the voting procedure, the acceptance of the "consensus" by the Council is in favor of protecting the member's interest when making decisions. However, political factors that are potential to block the participation of South Korea in APSCO are difficult to be ignored. A recent event is an announcement of deploying THAAD by South Korea, which causes tension between South Korea and China. The cooperation between these two states in space activities will be influenced. A long-standing barrier is that China acts as a non-member of the main international export control mechanism, i.e., the MTCR. The U.S takes this fact as the main reason to prevent South Korea to cooperate with China in developing space programs. Although the political factors that will block the participation of South Korea in APSCO are not easy to removed shortly, legal measures can be taken to reduce the political influence. More specifically, APSCO is recommended to ensure the achievement of commercial interests of different cooperation programs by regulating precisely the implementation of the "fair return" principle. Furthermore, APSCO is also suggested to contribute to managing the common regional events by sharing satellite data. And it is anticipated that these measures can effectively response the requirements of the rapid development of space commercialization and the increasing common needs of Asia, thereby to provide a platform for the further cooperation. In addition, in order to directly reduce the political influence, two legal measures are necessary to be taken: Firstly, to clarify the rights and responsibilities of the host state (i.e., China) as providing assistance, coordination and services to the management of the Organization to release the worries of the other member states that the host state will control the Organization's activities. And secondly, to illustrate that the cooperation in APSCO is for the non-military purpose (a narrow sense of "peaceful purpose") to reduce the political concerns. Regional cooperation in Asia regarding space affairs is considered to be a general trend in the future, so if the participation of South Korea in APSCO can be finally proved to be feasible, there will be an opportunity to discuss the creation of a comprehensive institutionalized framework for space cooperation in Asia.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 8 괘(卦)와 같은 제안한 네트워크 토폴로지를 이용하여 기존의 간섭 제거에 대해 서술한다. 전송신호의 할당 제어를 통해 간섭할당 방법을 적절히 선택함으로서 다른 동기시간에 최적의 대칭 DoF가 달성될 수 있다는 점을 중요하게 서술한다. 그러나 이 결과 복잡한 문제가 발생되는데 간섭제거 및 반복 코딩과 같은 다른 방법을 혼합하여 사용하는 문제 때문이다. 이 방법에 덧붙여 최적의 DoF를 달성하기 위해 8 user 네트워크를 위한 TTC(triangular transmit cooperation) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 8 괘(卦)의 상보성원리를 위상 간섭제거에 응용했다. 상생과 상극개념을 송신과 수신의 직접신호와 간섭신호에 대응시켰다. 상보성 원리를 역(易)(I Ching)의 괘(卦)에서 뿌리를 찾았다. 즉 대(對)와 대(待)이다. 서로 대립하면서도 서로의 공존관계를 8개의 송 수신단에 적용한 결과 대칭 DoF는 4/3 였다.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권42호
• /
• pp.258-292
• /
• 2017

This paper is designed to make a national strategic concept for the ROK's maritime security and to explore cooperation directions for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in order to implement the newly-made maritime security strategic concept. As strategy is composed of three main categories(goals, ways, means), the goal of the ROK's maritime security strategy is 'Safe and Affluent Sea' and the way to realize the goal is the principle of cooperative leverage, and the means as tasks to implement the strategic concept are maritime safety, maritime security, and maritime stewardship. The concept of national fleet as used in the US is applied to promoting the cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard. Thus, under the newly-established maritime security strategic concept along with the national fleet model, followings are suggested as policy proposals for facilitating mutual cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in dealing with not only traditional threats but also non-traditional treats at sea and from the sea as well. First, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard has been making efforts to enhance interoperability between the two sea services. However, the mutual cooperations have been focused mainly on areas on operational level rather than policy level. Therefore, the two sea services are recommended to enlarge exchanges and cooperation in policy areas. Second, there are still demands for further cooperation areas between the two sea services in command and communications. The interoperability in C2 between the two needs to be upgraded even to the areas of anti-terrorist activities ar sea, ASUW, ASW, maritime interdiction, etc. Third, mutual comparability between the two needs to be reflected in the maritime forces development to ensure the comparability in UNREP and other logistics areas. Fourth, the standardization of logistical materials and equipments is needed as a way of sustaining operational capability and logistical capacity for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard as well. Fifth, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard are recommended to participate more actively in international maritime cooperation activities such as PASSEX. Sixth, Complementary laws and regulations need further to be revised and to be newly made for collectively managing swiftly maritime accidents and natural disasters at sea.