• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1449-1461
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• 2019

Face sketch synthesis plays an important role in public security and digital entertainment. In this paper, we present a novel face sketch synthesis method via local similarity and nonlocal similarity regularization terms. The local similarity can overcome the technological bottlenecks of the patch representation scheme in traditional learning-based methods. It improves the quality of synthesized sketches by penalizing the dissimilar training patches (thus have very small weights or are discarded). In addition, taking the redundancy of image patches into account, a global nonlocal similarity regularization is employed to restrain the generation of the noise and maintain primitive facial features during the synthesized process. More robust synthesized results can be obtained. Extensive experiments on the public databases validate the generality, effectiveness, and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Neuroblastoma arises from the primitive neural crest cells, and is a common malignancy in childhood. The clinical features are characterized by biological heterogeneity. Neuronal degeneration and differentiation occur in some patients. However treatment in the high risk group accounting for approximately half, has not been satisfactory despite a multimodal approach. Therefore, effective treatment is determined by the risk group of prognostic factors, such as age at diagnosis, stage of disease, pathological finding and N-myc amplification. Neuroblastoma can be diagnosed prenatally, which suggests its origin during the normal embryogenesis. Recent knowledge of molecular biology, such as Trk genes, and the concept of cancer stem cells have given us some improved understanding on this disease. Currently, targeted therapies based on the molecular biology of neuroblastoma are under investigation and increasing survival rate and decreasing late complications could be appreciated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.359-366
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• 2019

Indoor spatial data has great importance as the demand for representing the complex urban environment in the context of providing LBS (Location-based Services) is increasing. IndoorGML (Indoor Geographic Markup Language) has been established as the data standard for spatial data in providing indoor navigation, but its definitions and relationships must be expanded to increase its applications and to successfully delivering information to users. In this study, we propose an approach to integrate IndoorGML with Indoor POI (Points of Interest) data by extending the IndoorGML notion of space and topological relationships. We consider two cases of representing Indoor POI, by 3D geometry and by point primitive representation. Using the concepts of the NRS (node-relation structure) and multi-layered space representation of IndoorGML, we define layers to separate features that represent the spaces and the Indoor POI into separate, but related layers. The proposed methodology was implemented with real datasets to evaluate its effectiveness for performing indoor spatial analysis.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

The differentiation process of male germ cells and sperm morphology of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai were described in ultrastructure. The differentiation process of sperm was divided into four stages: spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid and sperm. The process of differentiation from spermatogonium to spermatocyte did not show significant morphological changes. However, during the spermiogenesis there were distinct morphological changes such as chromatin condensation, morphological changes of the nucleus, and formation of acrosome, midpiece and flagellum. The sperm of the abalone consisted of head, midpiece and tail. The head of approximately 5.3 ㎛ in length was composed of a nucleus of high electron dense and bullet-shaped acrosome. The midpiece was composed of the basal body and mitochondria, and five mitochondria were arranged in single layer around the basal body. The cross section of the tail showed a "9+2" axonemal structure. These morphological and structural features are the result of showing that the sperm of H. discus hannai is a primitive type.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.455-476
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to develop Jiangxi Nuo masks using 3D digital fashion design technology and suggest various ways to utilize traditional culture based on the characteristics of Nuo masks, a traditional Chinese artifact of intangible cultural significance. The researchers conducted a literature review to gather information about Nuo culture and masks that could represent Jiangxi. Features of the masks were analyzed and classified. The result are as follows. First, the symbolic characteristics of Jiangxi's Nuo masks can be divided into those based on their origin and history, the user's social status, and the notions of primitive beliefs of the chosen people, such as naturism and totemism. Second, Nuo masks' splendid decorations convey meanings such as luck, the bixie, longevity, wealth, and peace in the family. Third, playfulness in mask-making is about dismantling the original form of the mask, re-creating it through application. Fourth, the masks express primitiveness mostly by conserving the wood's original color or material. The initial masks carved to represent images of figures aptly deliver the primitive forms and images of Nuo culture. In this study, Nuo masks were developed and produced using the 3D digital technology CLO 3D by adopting the expressive characteristics and applying design methods such as asymmetricity, exaggeration, and modification. The results of this study demonstrate the possibility of creating diverse as well as economical designs through the reduction of production.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 1994

There has been a marked increase in the utility of aspiration cytology for pathologic diagnosis. It may be applied to any kinds of organs and substitutes surgical biopsy. Be cause of the high risk of complication and difficulties In localization, aspiration cytology in the central nervous system (CNS) has been used with less frequency compared to other sites. However, with the advent of sophisticated imaging instruments, aspiration cytology of lesions in the CNS is being used increasingly. We present cytologic features of brain tumors as well as corresponding histologic findings. Eight types of tumors were aspirated intraoperatively and stained with the Papanicolaou method; 1 anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 glioblastoma multiforme, 1 ependymoma, 1 malignant ependymoma, 1 central neurocytoma, 1 primitive neuroectodermal tumor, 1 benign neurogenic tumor and 1 germinoma. Cytologic features of the CNS neoplasms were quite similar to those of histology except one spindle cell tumor. Reviewing various CNS neoplasms, it appears that cytology may be a useful diagnostic method.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1998

Cytologic evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is an effective tool in diagnosing many disorders involving the central nervous system(CNS). CSF examination has been found to be of particular value in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma, lymphomatous or leukemic involvement of CNS and certain primary CNS tumors. As a survey of metastatic tumors to CSF and an evaluation of the preparation techniques increasing cellular yield in our laboratory, 713 CSF specimens examined between July 1995 and April 1997(1 year 10 months), were reviewed. There were 75 positive and 5 suspicious cases, the latter have had no evidence of tumors clinically. Primary tumors of 75 positive cases were classified as follows; 4(5.3%) as primary brain tumors, 40(53.3%) as secondary carcinomas, 13(17.3%) as leukemias, and 18 (24.0%) as lymphomas. The most common primary site of metastatic carcinomas was the lung in 17 cases(42.5%) followed by the stomach in 13(32.5%), breast in 8 (20.0%), and unknown primary in 2(5.0%). Four primary brain tumors were 3 cerebellar medulloblastomas and a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). All 40 metastatic carcinomas were adenocarcinoma presented as single cells or cell clusters. Although signet ring cells were frequent in the cases of gastric primary cancers, no significant cytologic differences according to the primary site were observed. The cytologic features of leukemia and lymphoma were characterized by hypercellular smears presenting as individual atypical cells with increased N/C ratio, presence of nucleoli, and nuclear protrusions. In medulloblastomas and PNET, the principal cytologic findings were small undifferentiated cells arranged singly or in loose clusters with occasional rosettoid features. This study suggests that the CSF cytology is useful in the diagnosis of malignancy, especially metastatic extracranial tumors and the diagnostic accuracy can be improved by increasing cellular yield using cytocentrifuge.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2012

Skin serves as an easily accessible source of multipotent stem cells with potential for cellular therapies. In pigs, stem cells from skin tissues of fetal and adult origins have been demonstrated as either floating spheres (cell aggregates) or adherent spindle-shaped mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells depending on culture conditions. The cells isolated from the epidermis and dermis of porcine skin showed plastic adherent growth in the presence of serum and positively expressed a range of surface and intracellular markers that are considered to be specific for MSCs. The properties of primitive stem cells have been observed with the expression of alkaline phosphatase and markers related to pluripotency. Further, studies have shown the ability of skin-derived MSCs to differentiate in vitro along mesodermal, neuronal and germ-line lineages. Moreover, preclinical studies have also been performed to assess their in vivo potential, and the findings appear to be effective in tissue regeneration at the defected site after transplantation. The present review describes the recent progress on the biological features of porcine skin-derived MSCs as adherent cells, and summarizes their potential in advancing stem cell based therapies.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

A recent study to determine the fall is focused on analyzing fall motions using a recurrent neural network (RNN), and uses a deep learning approach to get good results for detecting human poses in 2D from a mono color image. In this paper, we investigated the improved detection method to estimate the position of the head and shoulder key points and the acceleration of position change using the skeletal key points information extracted using PoseNet from the image obtained from the 2D RGB low-cost camera, and to increase the accuracy of the fall judgment. In particular, we propose a fall detection method based on the characteristics of post-fall posture in the fall motion analysis method and on the velocity of human body skeleton key points change as well as the ratio change of body bounding box's width and height. The public data set was used to extract human skeletal features and to train deep learning, GRU, and as a result of an experiment to find a feature extraction method that can achieve high classification accuracy, the proposed method showed a 99.8% success rate in detecting falls more effectively than the conventional primitive skeletal data use method.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.680-687
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• 2005

This study presents a schema matching technique which can be applied to XML semantic model of structural calculation reports of steel-box bridges. The semantic model of structural calculation documents was developed by extracting the optimized common elements from the analyses of various existing structural calculation documents, and the standardized semantic model was schematized by using XML Schema. In addition, the similarity measure technique and the relaxation labeling technique were employed to develop the schema matching algorithm. The former takes into account the element categories and their features, and the latter considers the structural constraints in the semantic model. The standardized XML semantic model of steel-box bridge's structural calculation documents called target schema was compared with existing nonstandardized structural calculation documents called primitive schema by the developed schema matching algorithm Some application examples show the importance of the development of standardized target schema for structural calculation documents and the effectiveness and efficiency of schema matching technique in the examination of the degree of document standardization in structural calculation reports.