• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.58-61
• /
• 1997

Multiple primary cancer is defined as the discrete primary cancers in an individual originating in different sites or tissues. Billroth, in 1869, first reported the occurrence of different primary malignant cancers in the same patient. Because early diagnosis and treatment are key to good survival and cure rates, clinicians should be more aware of the possibility of multiple primary cancers in an individual patient with malignant tumor. The authors recently experienced a case of fifth primary cancer, their sites of origin were lung, glottis, lymph node, supraglottis, common bile duct. We report this case with a brief review of literatures.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.277-292
• /
• 2020

유치 및 미성숙영구치의 치수치료는 소아 및 청소년 영역에서 빈번하게 행하지는 치료이며, 임상 양상과 치수 진단 뿐만 아니라 환아 및 보호자, 술자의 환경에 영향을 받는다. 이 연구의 목적은 실제 임상에서 행해지는 치수치료의 현황에 대한 조사와 더불어 치료방법을 선택하게 된 배경에 대해 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구는 소아치과학회 회원을 대상으로 총 153명의 설문조사 결과지를 바탕으로 시행되었으며, 2010년부터 2018년까지의 건강보험심사평가원의 통계자료를 함께 분석하였다. 설문조사 결과와 건강보험심사평가원의 통계자료 모두 유치의 1-visit pulpectomy가 가장 활발하게 시행되고 있는 술식으로 나타났으며, 유치열기 또는 혼합치열기 어린이에서 Ni-Ti file의 사용 빈도가 증가하였다. 미성숙영구치의 치료에서는 개인치과의원에서 치수재생치료의 시행 빈도가 대학병원보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2014

We investigated the androgenic effects of $17{\alpha}$-methyltestosterone (MT) on gonadal sex reversal in juvenile red spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara. The fish were immersed in $17{\alpha}$-MT at 1 and 5 mg/L. Treatment method of $17{\alpha}$-MT was once weekly for 4 and 8 weeks. Fish were sampled at 12 months after end of the treatment period in order to histological analysis. At the initiation of an experiment (70 day after hatching), juvenile red spotted grouper have the paired primordial gonads with somatic cells bellow kidney in the posterior portion of the body cavity. Formation of ovarian cavity indicates that the ovarian differentiation beginning at 70 DAH in red spotted grouper. At 12 months after end of the treatment period, control group, $17{\alpha}$-MT 1 mg/L treatment group for 4 and 8 weeks, and $17{\alpha}$-MT 5 mg/L treatment group for 4 weeks were all female. However, sex-changed males without ovarian cavity were observed in the $17{\alpha}$-MT 5 mg/L treatment group for 8 weeks. In grouper, we firstly reported that the red spotted grouper be able to induce the primary males by hormone treatment prior to gonadal sex differentiation.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.322-331
• /
• 2020

By introducing chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) in the first stage of sewage treatment, organic matter in sewage can be effectively recovered. Because CEPT sludge contains a high biodegradable organic matter in volatile solids (VS), it is feasible to convert the collected CEPT sludge into energy through anaerobic digestion. This study examined the properties and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of the CEPT sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant located in an ocean area. The CEPT sludge contains a VS content of 37,597 mg/L, which is higher than that of excessive sludge (ES), i.e., 33,352 mg-VS/L. In the methane generation reaction, the lag period was as short as 1 to 2 days. The BMP for the CEPT sludge was 0.57 ㎥-CH₄/kg-VS_removed which is better than that of ES, i.e., 0.36 ㎥-CH₄/kg-VS_removed. Unfortunately, the CEPT sludge showed a high salinity as 0.56~0.75% probably due to the saline sewage. Due to the salinity, repeated BMP testing in a sequencing batch reactor showed significantly low methane production rates and BMPs. Also, the ES showed a strongly reduced BMP when the salinity was adjusted from 0.20 to 0.70% by NaCl. The ES mixture with higher CEPT content showed a better BMP, which is suitable for co-digestion. Besides, anaerobic digestion for 100% CEPT sludge can be a considerable option instead of co-digestion.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2012

목적: Marjolin 궤양으로 발생한 편평 상피암의 치료결과에 대해 원발성 편평 상피암과 비교 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: Marjolin 궤양에 의한 편평 상피암으로 치료받았던 14예를 대상으로 하였으며, 같은 기간 치료받았던 원발성 편평 상피암 20예를 대조군으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 61.2세였으며, 남자 24예였고, 여자가 10예였다. 두 군간의 발생 부위, 조직학적 분류, 병기, 치료 방법, 전이, 재발, 생존율에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 추시 기간은 54.8개월(12-168개월)이었다. 국소 재발은 6예에서 발생하였고, 5예는 Marjolin 궤양 군에서, 나머지 1예는 원발성 편평 상피암 군에서 발생하였다. 최초 진단 후 국소 재발까지의 평균 기간은 9개월(2-20개월)이었다. 전이는 총 6예에서 발생하였는데 이들 중 2예(14.3%)는 Marjolin 궤양 군에서, 나머지 4예(20.0%)는 원발성 편평 상피암 군에서 발생하였다. 전이 또는 국소 재발은 총 10예에서 발생하였는데 이들 중 6예는 Marjolin 궤양 군에서, 나머지 4예는 원발성 편평 상피암 군에서 발생하였다. 5년 무병 생존률은 Marjolin 궤양 군에서는 64.3%였고, 원발성 군에서는 95%였다. 결론: Marjolin 궤양에 동반된 편평 상피암은 적극적인 치료에도 불구하고 높은 재발율 및 사망률을 보이므로, 치료 결과를 향상시키는 새로운 치료법에 대한 연구가 요구된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 1993

A new treatment system for animal waste water has been developed as an alternative to the activated sludge process. It consists of two treatments; one is operated with 7 tanks, and the other is soil and plant cultivation bed. Aerobic microorganisms are added to the influent water in the tanks where the water is aerated so that the microbes utilize the pollutants, while sedimentation removes the indigestible solids. In the secondary treatment the water, which has already received a primary treatment, is filtered through soil where it also receives treatment by soil organisms. In addition there is transpiration of water and absorption of minerals by plants. In the primary treatment BOD, SS, coliforms (E. coli), TP and total bacteria were removed 79-99%, but COD and TN were removed only 58% and 36%, respectively. In the secondary treatment removal of nutrients proceeded further, and 93-99% of pollutants were removed. The treated waters met the quality standard of discharge water in Japan except for TN, which was in too great a concentration to meet discharge standards. This problem requires further study.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 1996

This study was designed to characterize endotoxin-induced prostaglandin production in primary cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The time course for prostaglandin synthesis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated VSMC showed that the maximum production was reached in 12 hours. LPS induced prostaglandin H2 synthase (PGHS) activity in VSMC and the time course profile in the changes of PGHS activity paralleled that of total prostaglandin production. Differential treatment showed that 4 hours' exposure to LPS was enough for the maximum effect on the prostaglandin production and this effect was completely inhibited by the co-treatment of actinomycin D, a transcription inhibitor. These results suggest that LPS effect might be determined within 4 hours. Actinomycin D increased PGHS activity without affecting prostaglandin production if added 4 hours after LPS treatment. On the other hand, cyclogeximide, a translation inhibitor, augmented LPS-induced prostaglandin production if treated during first four hours, but it inhibited LPS-induced PGHS activity regardless of treatment schedule. These results suggest the existence of multiple regulating mechanisms in the LPS-induced prostaglandin synthesis.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2018

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of the skin initially believed to arise from the Merkel cells. In the community setting a general radiation oncologist may only encounter this pathology in a handful of cases over the course of their career. Due to the low incidence of this malignancy, few prospective randomized controlled trials have ever been conducted and therefore guidelines are based on relatively lower levels of evidence upon which the clinical recommendations are made. We discuss the case of a female in her 90s presenting with a classic MCC primary lesion, as well as satellite lesions proximal to both the primary and the draining regional lymph nodes with no evidence of nodal involvement. Here we discuss the presentation, management, treatment planning, underlying pathology, results and sequelae of treatment. We also review new treatment modalities, and the most current staging systems and guidelines.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.150-153
• /
• 2007

Apply electromagnetic stirring system to making rheology slurry of Al7075. This experiment has important element which is the relation between solid fraction percent and melt temperature of Al7075. The rheology slurry of Al7075 eliminated liquid phase to include alloying element of copper and zinc by squeeze casting process. In result the most structure was composed entirely of globular primary $\alpha$. Used this material for this study. This study made a comparison of mechanical property according to heat treatment T6 at each melt temperature ($619^{\circ}C$ and $615^{\circ}C$). The microstructure and component are observed how heat treatment T6 weight with the mechanical property by SEM-EDS.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2021

Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease which is causing protein-losing enteropathy. Treatment of intestinal lymphangiectasia can be a challenge for clinicians because of the lack of specific guidelines regarding pharmacological indications. We sought to introduce a diagnostic approach and suggest guidelines for treatment. After exclusion of secondary intestinal lymphangiectasia, magnetic resonance lymphangiography is a promising tool for the assessment of abnormal lymphatic lesions in primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. Determining the extent of the lesion provides direction for treatment options. Focal short-segment intestinal lymphangiectasia can be treated via intestinal resection or radiologic embolization after dietary therapy failure. Diffuse intestinal lymphangiectasia and extensive lymphangiectasia should be treated with several drugs with a full understanding of their mechanisms.