• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The prescription drug list for primary treatment by community health practitioners has been maintained for 30 years without any modification. Thus, this study will suggest an improvement scheme of prescription drug list for primary health care posts through an analysis of drug use in those posts. Methods: A questionnaire survey was implemented with community health practitioners from April to June in 2012. A total of 1,249 copies were analyzed. As for the databases of drug use in the integrated information, a total of 154,229 diagnoses selected in the method of stratified cluster sampling from 39 primary health care posts' data were analyzed. We consulted some experts about the prescription medication list, and referred to the medication information on-line home page for up-to-date drug information. Results: This study ultimately suggests 77 prescription drug items for primary health care posts by eliminating 35 items and replacing 1 item from the original list, and adding 4 items to it. Conclusion: This study will provide basic data for revising the prescription drug list in primary health care posts by periodically reflecting adverse effects in the existing drugs, demographic and environmental changes, and development of new drugs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.49 no.8
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2012

In this paper, when interference caused by the primary user exists, the capacity performance of the mean value-based power allocation scheme is analyzed and evaluated under the outdated channel environment in spectrum sharing systems. When interference due to the primary transmitter affects the secondary receiver, we derive the upper bound of the ergodic capacity of the mean value-based power allocation scheme in a closed form. Furthermore, based on that, we investigate how interference due to the primary transmitter degrades the ergodic capacity of the secondary user. In simulation results, we show the performance degradation of the secondary user due to interference caused by the primary user. In addition, we show that the region where the mean value-based power allocation scheme outperforms the outdated channel information-based power allocation scheme is reduced as interference by the primary user increases.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.284-286
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio system operating as secondary user. It uses an empty channel that is not currently used by primary users having the license to the channel. In the previous works, secondary user looks for an empty channel by choosing any channel in order or randomly and by sensing the channel to distinguish whether primary users are using. But if primary user is fixed type, we will find an empty channel faster than the mentioned channel selecting methods by using a method considering prior information about cases that primary user used the channel, since it is possible to analogize the channel access possibility of primary user according to regular time and position. Therefore, we propose a channel searching method based on the channel list for the purpose of reducing the channel searching time and improving throughput of secondary users. Firstly, we determine a weighting value of each channel based on the history of channel activities of primary users. This value is added to current channel state buffer and we search an empty channel from channel with smallest value to one with the biggest value. Finally, we compare the performances of the proposed method with those of the sequential channel searching and the random channel searching methods in terms of the average channel searching time and the average number of transmissions of secondary user.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2008

This study investigates the management performance of primary medical centers on the basis of power process perspective to suggest the direction for their competitive advantages. To do so, this study conducts the questionnaire survey to middle and top managers of primary medical centers in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyoungki Province and analyzes the data by using cluster analysis and variance analysis of SPSS statistical package. According to the results, the types of primary medical centers are determined by the interaction of power determinants variables, and the type of primary medical centers which has the strongest interaction of power determinants variables shows the highest management performance compared to other types.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2023

In this paper, a constant current(CC) and constant voltage(CV) control method using a primary-side regulated(PSR) fly-buck converter is proposed. Because the primary-side structure of the fly-buck converter is the same as that of the synchronous buck converter, it always operates in continuous conduction mode(CCM). Therefore, in the proposed method, the load information on the secondary side can always be easily estimated by measuring the primary inductor current at the midpoint of the switch-on period. An accurate CC/CV control can be achieved through simple calculations based on this estimated information. Consequently, the proposed method is advantageous for optimizing the control performance of the PSR converter. The validity of the proposed control was verified using a 5 W prototype of a PSR fly-buck converter. The experimental results confirmed that the current reference of 500 mA was followed within the error range of 1.2%, and that the voltage reference of 12 V was followed within the error range of 1.8% despite the indirect control of the load current and output voltage from the primary side.

• The Journal of Information Systems
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.115-131
• /
• 2024

Purpose This study aims to analyse the impact of the development of fintech and the emergence of internet primary banks due to the increasing use of smartphones on the performance of traditional local banks from both financial and non-financial perspectives. Return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) are used to assess the performance differences between the two types of banks and how these differences are affected by their financial characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Using return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) as indicators, we identified the differences in operating performance between the two types of banks. In addition, this study analysed the impact of financial characteristics on profitability through regression analysis with various control variables. We further studied the impact of non-financial characteristics (customer reviews, social media reactions, etc.) on operating performance. Findings The net interest margin ratio of local banks had a positive impact, while the marketable securities ratio of Internet primary banks had a negative impact. The non-financial analysis shows that the number of customer reviews and social media reactions have a significant impact on the performance of Internet primary banks, suggesting that customer satisfaction and positive market perception are important factors in the performance of Internet primary banks.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 2012

The exponential growth in wireless services has resulted in an overly crowded spectrum. The current state of spectrum allocation indicates that most usable frequencies have already been occupied. This makes one pessimistic about the feasibility of integrating emerging wireless services such as large-scale sensor networks into the existing communication infrastructure. Cognitive radio is an emerging dynamic spectrum access technology that can be used for flexibly and efficiently achieving open spectrum sharing. Cognitive radio is an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its radio environment and that is capable of adapting its operation to statistical variations of the radio frequency. In ad hoc cognitive radio networks, a common control channel (CCC) is usually used for supporting transmission coordination and spectrum-related information exchange. Determining a CCC in distributed networks is a challenging research issue because the spectrum availability at each ad hoc node is quite different and dynamic due to the interference between and coexistence of primary users. In this paper, we propose a novel CCC selection protocol that is implemented in a distributed way according to the appearance patterns of primary systems and connectivity among nodes. The proposed protocol minimizes the possibility of CCC disruption by primary user activities and maximizes node connectivity when the control channel is set up. It also facilitates adaptive recovery of the control channel when the primary user is detected on that channel.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2011.04a
• /
• pp.1195-1198
• /
• 2011

인터넷 및 스마트폰 등 모바일 시장의 급성장으로 다양한 채널이 발달하여 금융거래가 급속하게 증가함으로써 시스템 자원이 부족하고 또한, 급변하는 금융시장에서 경쟁력을 잃지 않기 위하여 국내의 금융권 시스템들은 차세대를 진행하면서 경쟁적으로 프레임웍을 도입하여 프로젝트를 진행하였거나 또는 진행하고 있다. 프레임웍은 요청한 거래를 검증하고, 처리하여 결과를 반환할 수 있도록 여러 가지 편의성을 제공하지만, 동일 테이블 데이터를 매 거래마다 데이터베이스를 조회함으로써 데이터베이스 서버의 부하가 증가하고 거래 처리가 지연되는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 프레임웍 기반의 매 거래마다 동일 데이터를 데이터베이스로부터 질의함으로써 발생하는 거래처리 지연을 극복하고 보다 빠른 응답 처리를 위하여 1) 대부분 조회를 처리하는 테이블에 대해서 테이블 단위로 Primary key을 이용하여 공유메모리에 저장하고, 많은 응용프로그램 간에 공유하는 방식으로 거래를 처리함으로써 디스크 I/O나 네트워크 I/O, DBMS 자체 프로세싱을 크게 감소하여 전제적으로 시스템의 성능을 향상시키며 2) 공유메모리에 저장하고 있는 데이터와 데이터베이스 테이블에 저장된 데이터간의 동기화를 지원하는 Primary key 기반 T-Cache(Table Cache) 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.977-990
• /
• 2022

This study proposes a novel method for identifying the primary conspirators involved in terrorist activities. To map the information related to terrorist activities, we gathered information from different sources of real cases involving terrorist attacks. We extracted useful information from available sources and then mapped them in the form of terrorist networks, and this mapping provided us with insights in these networks. Furthermore, we came up with a novel centrality measure for identifying the primary conspirators of a terrorist attack. Because the leaders of terrorist attacks usually direct conspirators to conduct terrorist activities, we designed a novel algorithm that can identify such leaders. This algorithm can identify terrorist attack leaders even if they have less connectivity in networks. We tested the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms on four real-world datasets and conducted an experimental evaluation, and the proposed algorithms could correctly identify the primary conspirators and leaders of the attacks in the four cases. To summarize, this work may provide information support for security agencies and can be helpful during the trials of the cases related to terrorist attacks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.1770-1785
• /
• 2013

In this paper, a multi-hop transmission protocol based on parallel communication of secondary users (SUs) is proposed. The primary multi-hop network coexists with a set of SUs by cooperative spectrum sharing. The main optimization target of our protocol is the overall performance of the secondary system with the guarantee of the primary outage performance. The energy consumption of the primary system is reduced by the cooperation of SUs. The aim of the primary source is to communicate with the primary destination via a number of primary relays. SUs may serve as extra decode-and-forward relays for the primary network. When an SU acts as a relay for a primary user (PU), some other SUs that satisfy the condition for parallel communication are selected to simultaneously access the primary spectrum for secondary transmissions. For the proposed protocol, two opportunistic routing strategies are proposed, and a search algorithm to select the SUs for parallel communication is described. The throughput of the SUs and the PU is illustrated. Numerical results demonstrate that the average throughput of the SUs is greatly improved, and the end-to-end throughput of the PU is slightly increased in the proposed protocol when there are more than seven SUs.