• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.270-276
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyze the buyer's joint pricing and lot-sizing model in a two-stage supply chain consisting of the supplier, the buyer and the customer. It is assumed that the supplier will permit a certain fixed period for settling the amount the buyer owes to him for the items supplied in order to stimulate the demand for the product. Generally, credit transactions would have a positive effect to the buyer. The availability of credit transactions from the supplier effectively reduces the cost of holding stocks for the buyer and therefore, the buyer has a lot of price options to choose his sales price for a customer in anticipation of increased the customer's demand and, as a result, it will appear to increase the buyer's inventory levels. On the other hand, in the case of decaying products in which their utility decay over time, the decaying rate with time may be expected to reduce inventory levels. In this regard, we need to analyze how much the length of credit period and the decaying rate affect the buyer's pricing and lot-sizing policy. For the analysis, we consider the situation where the customer's demand is represented as a linearly decreasing function of the buyer's sales price. From this perspective, we formulate the buyer's annual net profit and analyze the effect of the length of credit period and decaying rate of the product on the buyer's inventory policy numerically.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of brand equity on customer purchase decision (CPD) of products for retailers distribution (RB) in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. There are five elements in the brand equity model such as brand awareness, brand association, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and pricing policy. Research design, data and methodology: Qualitative methodology was used for exploring the research model and variables. The survey was conducted to collect data from 251 respondents who bought products at RB in Ho Chi Minh city, which is based on a Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed with the reliability of the scale, exploratory factor analysis, and research hypothesis testing by SPSS 22. Results: The results obtained revealed that brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and pricing policy have a significant impact on CPD for RB. Furthermore, the results showed that perceived quality is the most significant component in influencing CPD at retailers. Conclusions: From the research results, some management implications that RB should focus on are perceived quality, choice of pricing policies and strategies, brand building and development to attract more customers as well as enhance its image to improve customers' purchasing decisions of products at retail distributors chain.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.7-10
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• 2003

After the launch of PCS in 1997, price competition between five mobile carriers was so severe that the Korean mobile telephony market achieved a remarkable subscriber base growth. But in that optimal pricing behavior depends on how each fm is likely to react to other frims'choice of price, it is very interesting to analyze competitive pricing behavior and understand market structure in terms of pricing competitiveness in the Korean mobile telecommunications market. In this paper, we use structural econometric models in New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) framework. But previously used models in this framework generally assume that market size is fixed and that all firms maximize their profits. To fit in with the Korean mobile telephony market, we derive various models in using NML market share model under the assumptions that market size varies with industry's total attractions and that firms maximize their market share. In this paper, we find that the model under market share maximization with the assumption that market size varies with total attraction shows the best fitting results.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.287-304
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• 2004

Since there are various types of technologies in the steel manufacturing industry, steel manufacturers need to adopt the most suitable technology Pricing method contingent on the technology type. Steel manufacturing technologies could be categorized as three groups. First, product and process technologies can enhance sales and contribute revenue increase, DCF method could be recommended. Second, maintenance and quality management technologies are mainly embodied in people, human resource profitability method is more suitable. Third, break-through technologies have great uncertainty in terms of commercialization and commercial success, therefore cost saving method is more reasonable. Finally, a sample case is suggested applying above technology pricing model to a steel manufacturer.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제38권5_6호
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• pp.439-461
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• 2020

A step-up option is a newly developed financial instrument that simultaneously provides higher security and profitability. This paper introduces two step-up options: step-up type1 and step-up type2 options, and derives the option pricing formulas using the Laplace transform. We assume that the underlying equity price follows a regime-switching model that reflects the long-term maturity of these options. The option prices are calculated for the two types of funds, a pure stock fund composed of risky assets only and a mixed fund composed of stocks and bonds, to reflect possible variety in the fund underlying asset mix. The impact of changes in the model parameters on the option prices is analyzed. This paper provides information crucial to product developments.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.1-26
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• 2008

Since Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM) was proposed in the early 1960s by William Sharpe(1964) and John Lintner(1965) researchers have investigated the validity of the model. The results of empirical researches do not show that expected returns of stocks seem to be determined solely by systematic risk of the stocks as precicted by CAPM. In this paper the relationship between transaction volume and expected returns of stocks was investigated. Empirical cross-sectional analysis about the data collected from Stock Market of Korea Exchange shows transaction volume and variability of stock returns play an important role in pricing assets. The well-known variables which were used traditionally to explain the differences of expected returns among stocks such as the size and beta of a stock seems to be unimportant in pricing assets.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model to analyze pricing/quality and service mix strategies for Internet Portal site. This model includes utilities and costs of each participants, i.e., user, third party provider, and portal sites. Especially, we consider portal sites that initiate their businesses by providing free services like free e-mail service or search service and providing several charged services. As the results, we can find that Portal sites should make the target of customers and focus them to maximize their profit. Portal sites should pay their marketing effort not for all customers but pertinent portions of customers. And Portal sites should make more efforts to efficiently develop and provision their services.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a Bicycle sharing has grown popular around the cities in the world due to its convenience. However, the bicycle sharing system is not problem-free, and there remains many managerial problems to be solved. In this study, we analyzed pricing strategy of a bicycle sharing system by minimizing the number of bicycles relocated by trucks, the act of which incurs penalty. The objective function is constructed by applying mixed integer programming and is presented as a stochastic model by using Markov chain so that arrival and departure rates of bicycle stations can be utilized in the analysis. The efficiency of the presented model is verified upon the analysis of bicycle sharing data gathered in Daejeon in 2014.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.505-523
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• 2009

본 연구는 서구형 기업의 자본비용 산출에 이용되는 CAPM에 근거하여 이슬람기업의 자본조달비용을 이론적으로 분석해 보았다. 첫째, 무위험이자율이 존재하지 않는 경우 이슬람기업의 증권선은 원점에서부터 출발하여 우상향한다. 이 경우 증권선의 기울기는 무위험이자율이 존재하는 경우의 기울기보다 큰 데, 이는 동일한 체계적 위험에 대해 이슬람기업은 서구형 기업보다 더 높은 자본비용을 지불해야 하기 때문이다. 둘째, 종교세인 자카트의 효과를 고려한 경우, CAPM에서 무위험이자율은 최소수익률로 대체된다. 이슬람기업의 증권선은 여전히 우상향하지만 원점을 통과하지는 않는다. 왜냐하면 이슬람기업은 무위험투자를 할 수 없기 때문이다. 향후에는 본 연구에서 연구수단으로 이용한 CAPM의 이론적인 한계를 극복하기 위해, 차익거래가격결정모델(Arbitrage Pricing Model)과 같은 다변수접근법을 이용하여, 이슬람기업의 자본비용을 도출해 보고자 한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 연속시간 M/M/1 대기행렬 시스템에서 고객들의 평형행동과 서버의 최적 가격책정 전략에 대해 다룬다. 본 연구에서는 두가지 유형의 가격지불 모형을 고려한다. 첫 번째로, 정액지불 모형은 고객의 시스템 내 체류시간에 관계없이 고정된 요금을 부과한다. 두 번째로, 정률지불 모형은 고객의 시스템 내 체류시간에 비례하여 요금을 부과한다. 각 지불 모형에서 시스템을 이탈하는 고객의 보상은 체류시간에 반비례한다. 본 연구는 각 가격지불 모형에서 단위시간당 서버의 기대수익을 최대화하기 위한 가격책정 전략과 그 전략에 따른 고객의 시스템 입장행동에 대해 분석한다. 마지막으로 수치예제를 통해 정액지불 모형과 정률지불 모형을 비교분석하고, 서버측면에서 어떤 가격지불 모형을 선택해야하는 지를 살펴본다.