• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.55-76
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• 2006

History of architecture technology is the area where further studies are the most needed in Korean architecture history. This present study deals with architectural tools and woodworking of Baekje as a first step in exploration of Korean architecture technology history especially, that of Baekje dynasty. Based on the study of real artifacts and archeological sites showing the trace of tool use, function and forms of architectural tools were classified, characteristics of tools investigated, and woodworking technology analyzed. The main tools of analysis include Square, Black Inkpot, Hatchet, Saw, Chisel, Wood Hammer, Axe, and Plane. It is assumed that architectural technology during Baekje dynasty might have leapt into the new stage thanks to the regular use of iron tools. Compared to those of previous eras, iron tools of Baekje are more elaboratedly-designed and well-defined in function. In addition, wooden architectural tools from Baekje demonstrate the superiority of its woodworking technology Historical record also shows the fact that craftsman from Baekje participated in construction of temples of Shilla and Japan. Precise assessment of Baeje architecture technology is difficult because no Baekje wooden architecture is still remaining. The facts mentioned above, however, surely prove the excellence of architecture technology of Baekje.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore characteristics of on-line teaching materials on websites of natural history museums, particularly with regard to educational perspectives and the nature of science. The target resources were selected from the websites of the Natural History Museum in London, the Australian Museum in Sydney, the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, and the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D.C.. A total of twelve on-line resources from these museums used in this study were selected as representative informal science teaching materials. For the investigation, this study developed a checklist with a total of nine items that were grounded on mostly reviewing previous literature and articles focusing on educational perspectives of natural history museums and science centers. Exciting and positive results were found in all four museums. The analyses, however, indicated weaknesses as well as strengths in on-line resources regarding their usages as informal science teaching venues.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.761-766
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• 2007

목 적 : 소아에서 진단 목적으로 척수액 검사를 시행한 환아에서 천자 후 부작용으로 발생하는 두통의 발생 빈도와 영향을 끼치는 인자들에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년 3월부터 2006년 2월까지 조선대학교 병원 소아과에서 진단 목적으로 요추천자를 시행한 4세에서 13세 사이의 환아 중 뇌수막염이 의심되었던 44명을 대상으로 하였다. 요추천자 후 두통의 발생빈도와 성별, 연령, 요추 천자 횟수, 척수액 양, 두통의 과거력, 척수액 압력, 척수액내 백혈구 수의 각 인자들과 두통 발생사이의 상관성, 두통의 발생 시작시간과 지속시간 및 치료에 대해서 조사하였다. 결 과 : 천자 후 두통의 발생빈도를 보면 전체 44명 중 16명(36.4%)에서 발생했으며, 남녀가 각 39.4%(13명), 27.2%(3명)로 성별에서는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 두통의 과거력이 있는 6명중 50%(3명)에서 두통이 발생하였고, 과거력이 없는 38명 중 36.1 %(13명)에서 발생하여 두통의 과거력이 있는 경우 두통이 의의 있게 많이 발생하였다(P=0.037). 척수액내 백혈구 세포수가 많을수록 요추 천자 후 두통의 발생은 통계학적으로 의의 있게 많았다(P=0.012). 그 외 연령, 척수액 검사 횟수, 척수액 양, 척수액 압력과 천자 후 두통 발생 사이에는 통계학적 상관성이 없었다. 결 론 : 요추 천자 후에 두통은 기존의 다른 연구에서 보다 발생 빈도가 더 높았으며 두통의 과거력이 있는 경우와 척수액내 백혈구 세포수는 소아에서 척수액 검사 후 발생한 두통에 영향을 주는 인자로 생각된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the knowledge and educational needs related to recurrent in coronary artery bypass graft patients as a basis to provide an individual nursing education for the population. The subjects consisted of 110 patients who had coronary artery bypass graft(CABG) at Asan Medical Center in Seoul and Sechong hospital in Buchon. Data was obtained from a knowledge questionnaire and a learning needs questionnaire between November 1998 and February 1999. Data were analyzed using SAS program for Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation coefficient. The results were as follows : 1. With regard to the 18 items to measure knowledge, the mean (median) of items 'don't know' was 4.9(4) items. The mean (median) of items answered wrong was 3.2(3) items. The number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less education, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension 2. With regard to the level of knowledge by questionnaire about CABG, The most "I dont know" (59.1%) highly response was 'He has to be treated with anticoagulant drug to prevent revasculized vessel from obstructing.' The seond highest response (56.4%) was 'If you were hypotensive, the coronary attack would collapse. 'During the hospitalized day, the patient has complete bedrest.' The highest error probability was cholesterol has not to intake.', 'After surgery, the sexual life is need controlled for 1 year. 3. The mean of educational needs was 3.38. With regard to the level of learning needs by sentence about CABG, 'Food that benefit heart disease', 'Recurrence possibility of heart disease', 'Management method of operation site', 'Risk symptom that visit hospital or report immediately' were higher than other sentenses. With regard to the level of learning needs by factor 'food(5 items)', 'disease(9 items)' and 'exercise(3 items)' showed the highest than other factors. The educational needs by patients characteristics tend to show higher in males, under the age of 49, middle or high school degree, previous experience of admission with coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, expierience of PTCA, history of cerebro-vascular accident, previous expierience of smoking than in their counter parts. 4. The number of items answered 'don't know', wrong and correct weren't correlated with the level educational needs. As the results, the number of items answered 'don't know' tend to show higher in those who had less educated, blue color jobs and myocardiac infarction history than in their counter parts. There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' in those who had no hypertension .There were higher frequency of items answered 'don't know' on anti-thrombolitic theraphy, hypotension and pain relief. Also there were higher frequency of items answered wrong on bed rest period, cholesterol intake, and sexual life. Educational needs were higher in young age group, had previous experience of procesure and history of other disease. And when we educate CABG patients, education for diet, recurrence possibility of disease, management methods of operation site and risk symptom should be emphasized.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2857-2860
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• 2012

Pancreatic cancer is usually detected late and has a high mortality rate. Since little is known about this cancer in Malaysia, a review of all cases admitted to Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital was conducted to identify the epidemiological distribution and assess survival. A list of pancreatic cancer patients in 2001-2008 was obtained from the Hospital Record Department. Only cases confirmed by radio-imaging or histo-pathology examination were included. We excluded those with incomplete medical records. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard approaches were used for data analysis. Only 56 cases were included with a mean (SD) age of 49.6 (16.0) years, with 60.7% males and 82.1% of Malay ethnicity. Previous history included cholelithiasis in 23.2%, diabetes mellitus in 16.1%, previous laparotomy in 10.7%, chronic pancreatitis in 7.1%, alcohol drinking in 5.4% and positive family history in 3.6%. The common presenting history included 67.9% loss of appetite, 66.1% loss of weight, 58.9% jaundice and 46.4% abdominal pain. Tumour staging was: 21.5% stage l, 17.8% stage ll, 3.6% stage lll and 57.1% stage lV. The median (95% CI) survival time was 3.4 (0.5, 6.3) months and significant prognostic factors were duration of symptoms (HR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.99; p value 0.013), ascites (HR 2.64; 95% CI: 1.28, 5.44; p value 0.008) and Whipple surgery (HR 4.20; 95% CI: 2.27, 7.76; p value <0.001). The history of presenting complaints was short and the majority presented at late stages of the disease, thus the median survival time was very poor.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2018

Understanding the purpose and results of a Korean Envoy's medical bureaucrat (attendant) travel to China. Unlike other Envoy's medical bureaucrats, envoy's trade made profits for those who participated. This article investigates the protocols of a Korean Envoy's medical attendant which include: (1) A prominent family member or high-ranking official does not participate in the Envoy's medical bureaucrat, either himself or his descendants. This denies the general theory that the medicinal material trade helped the economic status of medical officials. (2) Envoy's medical bureaucrat is a high percentage of interpreter bureaucrat in the households of father, mother, and wife. This suggests that the information about the envoy schedule and the benefit of the envoy may have been exposed in advance. This is related to the fact that the interpreter bureaucrat is the center of the envoy trade. (3) In the nineteenth century, envoy's medical bureaucrats were more frequent among close relatives, such as father-son relationship, than in the previous century. This study restored the lineage and purpose to the medical bureaucrat's travel to China, and provides a list of Envoy's medical bureaucrat through historical data, and analyzed the household and previous office. In this regard, it can be seen that some households, which are not dominant medical bureaucracies, have pursued profit through medicinal material trade. However, it is difficult to generalize to the whole of the medical bureaucracy.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.31.2-31.2
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• 2017

The central regions of barred-spiral galaxies contain interesting gaseous structures such as dust lanes and nuclear rings with intense star formation. While our previous studies were useful in understanding the formation of these structures star formation history, they were limited to 2D isothermal galaxies in which the stellar disk and halo are modeled by fixed gravitational potentials. To study the effects of bar growth as well as the vertical dimension, we use the mesh-free hydrodynamic code named GIZMO and run 3D simulations by treating the stellar disk and halo as being live. We find that the new 3D models form the gaseous features similarly to the previous 2D models, although the detailed formation processes are quite different. For example, a ring has a large radius when it first forms and shrinks over time in the previous 2D models. In the 3D live-potential models, however, a ring forms small and grows in size with time. We present the results of the new simulations and discuss them in comparison with the previous 2D results.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

The Office for Saving Lives (活人署) (OSL) was the office in charge of the treatment and relief of the poor in the Joseon Dynasty. This study disputes prior scholarship on the OSL by analyzing the use of a ready-made prescription and by focusing on the personality of the OSL's medical institutions. The work of the three government offices, the Office of Great Mercy (大悲院) (OGM), which was the formal office of OSL, the Office of Benefiting People (惠民署) and the Office of Aiding Life (濟生院), overlapped in the area of relief of the common people. But OGM was different from the other two in that it was not a purely medical office, had no educational function, and did not manage medicine. By analyzing a standing prescription, this article argues: 1) Heojun's influence on the composition of a standing prescription is absolute. 2) Epidemic warm disease (溫疫) was a major social problem in terms of emergency medical care at the time. 3) In the late Joseon Dynasty, the treatment of epidemic warm diseases became more sophisticated than the previous era.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

In this paper, we present a CNN-based gesture recognition approach which reduces the memory burden of input data. Most of the neural network-based gesture recognition methods have used a sequence of frame images as input data, which cause a memory burden problem. We use a motion history image in order to define a meaningful gesture. The motion history image is a grayscale image into which the temporal motion information is collapsed by synthesizing silhouette images of a user during the period of one meaningful gesture. In this paper, we first summarize the previous traditional approaches and neural network-based approaches for gesture recognition. Then we explain the data preprocessing procedure for making the motion history image and the neural network architecture with three convolution layers for recognizing the meaningful gestures. In the experiments, we trained five types of gestures, namely those for charging power, shooting left, shooting right, kicking left, and kicking right. The accuracy of gesture recognition was measured by adjusting the number of filters in each layer in the proposed network. We use a grayscale image with 240 × 320 resolution which defines one meaningful gesture and achieved a gesture recognition accuracy of 98.24%.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

분기 명령어에 대한 분기 예측 정확도는 시스템 전체의 성능 향상에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 분기 예측의 정확도를 높이기 위한 방법의 하나로, 각 분기 명령어 별로 사용되는 History 길이를 동적으로 조절할 수 있는 "각 분기별 동적 History 길이 조절 기법"을 소개한다. 제안된 기법은, 분기 예측에 있어서 관련된 레지스터들 사이의 데이터 종속성을 추적하여, 최종적으로 관련이 있는 레지스터를 포함하도록 유도하는 분기를 파악한 후, 관련 분기의 History만을 사용하게 해 주는 방식이다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는, 데이터 종속성을 추적할 수 있는 알고리즘과 관련 하드웨어 모듈을 소개하였다. 실험 결과 제안된 기법은, 기존의 고정 길이 History를 사용하는 방식에 비하여 최대 5.96% 분기 예측 정확도의 향상을 가져 왔으며, 프로파일링을 통해 확인된 각 응용 프로그램 별 Optimal History 길이와 비교해서도 성능 향상을 보였다.