• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to review the profitability of sixteen university hospitals of oriental medicine during 2007~2009. Data was collected from 16 hospitals that reveal financial statements to the public and the hospitals were classified into 7 groups. Net sales and COGS per 100 beds of the 7 groups were analyzed to measure profitability and as a percentage of net sales, the rates of personnel expenses, maintenance costs, and material costs were evaluated. The results showed that six groups had consecutively recorded net loss in medical services and differences in profitability among 7 groups were substantial. The analysis showed the profitability was significant for medium-sized hospitals. The rates of personnel expenses in net sales were above 50% in 6 groups with net loss and one group with net profit was 45%. This result indicate the rate of personnel expenses in net sales could be the main factor affecting profitability and further studies are recommended to analyze the determinants of profitability in oriental medical hospitals.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2008

피조개 부착치패의 중간양성시 생존율을 향상시키기 위하여 보호망의 형태 및 유실 방지망의 종류에 따른 부착치패의 성장 및 생존을 조사하였다. 보호망의 형태별로 60일간 중간양성한 부착치패의 성장은 노출형이 평균 각장 $12.8{\pm}3.2$ mm로 가장 빨랐으며(P<0.05), 통발형이 $12.2{\pm}3.5$ mm, 원통형이 $11.9{\pm}3.8$ mm, 직사각형이 $10.9{\pm}3.7$ mm순으로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 생존율은 통발형이 43.7%, 원통형이 41.2%, 직사각형이 31.6%로 보호망의 형태에 따라 통발형 및 원통형이 직사각형보다 높았으며, 노출형이 5.4%로 매우 낮았다(P<0.05). 유실 방지망 종류별로 163일간 중간양성한 부착치패의 성장은 차광막이 평균 각장 $13.9{\pm}3.1$ mm로 가장 빨랐고(P<0.05), 여자망이 $12.9{\pm}3.0$ mm, PE망이 $11.8{\pm}3.1$ mm 및 대조구가 $12.6{\pm}3.3$ mm 순으로 나타났으며, 생존율은 차광막이 91.5%, PB망이 90.1%, 여자망이 88.5%로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 유실 방지망을 설치하지 않은 대조구에서는 61.5%로 설치한 시험구보다 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.05). 피조개 부착치패의 중간양성시 보호망은 통발형 및 원통형을 사용하면 채묘망과 보호망 간의 공간이 확보되어 마찰에 의한 탈락을 방지하고, 해수의 소통이 원활하여 높은 생존율을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그리고 보호망목의 크기는 2 mm 내외를 사용하여 해수의 유통이 비교적 원활히 되도록 하였으며, 일시적으로 탈락하는 개체의 유실을 방지하기 위하여 부착치패 채묘망과 직각으로 설치한 결과 높은 생존율을 보였다. 유실 방지망 종류별 중간양성시험 결과는 시험기간이 겨울철이여서 태풍 등의 영향을 전혀 받지 않았고, 보호망에 부착물질이 거의 없어 생존율이 매우 높았다. 겨울철 중간양성이 여름철 중간양성 보다 생존율에서는 월등히 높은 결과를 나타내어 산업화를 위해서는 유리할 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 피조개 부착치패 중간양성 시기는 태풍 등의 위험한 시기를 피하여 조절하고, 피조개 부착치패의 중간양성시 통발형 및 원통형의 보호망과 유실 방지망을 병행하여 사용하면 높은 생존율을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.84-101
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• 2002

This study estimated the influence of 'the separation of prescribing and dispensing roles' (SPD) policy, which implemented in July 2000, on the community pharmacies in Korea, by using data on the revenues and expenditures in the previous researches. We first assumed the rate of drug price differential was 20% with four different models which was based on various data of studies carried out in the similar period. Later, we applied different rates for the sensitivity analysis. According to the results, all community pharmacies made the net profit of 118.9 billion won (0.552 million won monthly per one pharmacy) after the SPD policy. The ratio of net profit to net sales dropped by 7.41%p from 22.19% to 14.78%. Additional sensitivity analysis indicated there were wide range of differences about whether net profit or net gain, and that extent which either existed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.398-405
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• 1989

A change in the consumer's surplus was measured in order to evaluate the social benefit to be derived from expanding health insurance to the entire population. The most refined and correct way to measure a project's net benefit to society is to determine a change in the consumer's surplus. Benefits from introducing the health insurance program to the uninsured people can be classified into two elements. The first is the pricing-down effect(E1) which results from applying the insurance price system, which is lower than the actual price, to the uninsured patients. The second effect(E2) is a decrease in actual payment because an insured patient pays only a portion of the total medical bill(copayment). We collected medical price information from the data banks of 93 hospitals, and obtained information of medical utilization by referring to the results of other research and from data published by the Korean Medical Insurance Societies. The total net benefit was estimated as \214 billion, comprising the first effect(E1) of \57 billion and the second effect(E2) of \157 billion. The price elasticity of physician visits is less than that of hospital admissions: however, benefits from the increase in physician visits are greater than those from hospital admissions because there are considerably more of physician visits than hospital admissions. The sensitivity analysis also shows the conclusion that expansion of the health insurance program to the entire population would result in a positive net benefit. Therfore, we conclude that the National Health Insurance Program is socially desirable.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze if there is a difference between the head hospital and branch hospital by comparing the profitability and operating expenses to patient revenue of oriental medicine hospitals affiliated with universities in order to find whether opening branch hospitals is an appropriate method to increase profitability. Profit indices used for the comparison of head hospital and branch hospital include ratio of operating profit on medical revenue, net-income on medical revenue, net profit to total assets, and operating profit to total assets; and cost indices included ratio of labor costs, material costs and administrative costs. In comparison of profit indices of head hospitals and branch hospitals, head hospitals displayed negative(-) in all four profit index averages while branch hospitals displayed positive(+), showing that branch hospitals have higher profitability. In particular, in the case of head hospitals, ratio of net profit to total assets was -13.6%, while that of branch hospitals was 12.9%, which was higher than 3.1%, the average of Korean oriental medicine hospitals in 2011. As a result of difference analysis between groups of head hospitals and branch hospitals, profit indices of ratio of operating profit on medical revenue, net-income on medical revenue, and ratio of net profit to total assets were found to vary by hospitals, but there was no statistically significant difference between head hospitals and branch hospitals(p<0.1). Only the ratio of operating profit to total assets of head hospitals and branch hospitals indicated significant difference between the two groups, showing that ratio of operating profit to total assets of branch hospitals is larger than that of head hospitals. Meanwhile, the cost indices of ratio of labor costs, material costs and administrative costs in the difference test results did not show significant difference between the head hospital and branch hospital(p<0.1). Thus, it cannot be said that a certain oriental medicine hospital's profitability is high or low depending on whether it is head hospital or a branch as profitability varies depending on the management environment of the hospital. Therefore, oriental medicine hospitals affiliated with universities would need to make efforts to increase their profitability as an individual hospital rather than focusing on whether they are head hospital or a branch.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2004년도 제56차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.71.1-71.1
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• 2004

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3595-3603
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• 2022

Nuclear safety-class DCS is used for nuclear reactor protection function, which is one of the key facilities to ensure nuclear power plant safety, the maintenance for DCS to keep system in a high reliability is significant. In this paper, Nuclear safety-class DCS system developed by the Nuclear Power Institute of China is investigated, the model of reliability estimation considering nuclear power plant emergency trip control process is carried out using Markov transfer process. According to the System-Subgroup-Module hierarchical iteration calculation, the evolution curve of failure probability is established, and the preventive maintenance optimization strategy is constructed combining reliability numerical calculation and periodic overhaul interval of nuclear power plant, which could provide a quantitative basis for the maintenance decision of DCS system.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

This study examined the influence of the separation of prescribing and dispensing roles(SPD) policy implemented in Korea in July 2000, especially on the change in the net profit of medical institutions. Using the data set from the Korea's National Health Insurance and the previous research, this study elicited the following main results. First, tertiary care institutions was estimated to lose about 631 billion won after the SPD policy. Second, general hospitals and hospitals gained about 557 billion and 564 billion won, respectively. Third, it is shown that clinics also gained 389-659 billion won. Finally, however, the change in net profit of medical institutions after the SPD policy largely depends on different estimation models. Moreover, it also varies from the assumptions on the price differential of a reimbursable drug which worked as cross-subsidy to insufficient physician's fee before the SPD policy. Despite such limitations as lack of data outside of the National Health Insurance's coverage, this study differs from others. This is the first research to explore the effect of the SPD policy on different types of medical institutions and to attempt to purely focus on the SPD policy. In this study, we can draw the policy implication that preparing for a policy change, the government should set up the policy evaluation system to collect the concerned data and develop the methodologies in advance to the policy implementation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2020

Objectives: We compared the associations of 3 computed tomography (CT)-based abdominal adiposity indexes with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among middle-aged Korean men and women. Methods: The participants were 1366 men and 2480 women community-dwellers aged 30-64 years. Three abdominal adiposity indexes-visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR)-were calculated from abdominal CT scans. NAFLD was determined by calculating the Liver Fat Score from comorbidities and blood tests. An NAFLD prediction model that included waist circumference (WC) as a measure of abdominal adiposity was designated as the base model, to which VFA, SFA, and VSR were added in turn. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were calculated to quantify the additional predictive value of VFA, SFA, and VSR relative to WC. Results: VFA and VSR were positively associated with NAFLD in both genders. SFA was not significantly associated with NAFLD in men, but it was negatively associated in women. When VFA, SFA, and VSR were added to the WC-based NAFLD prediction model, the AUC improved by 0.013 (p<0.001), 0.001 (p=0.434), and 0.009 (p=0.007) in men and by 0.044 (p<0.001), 0.017 (p<0.001), and 0.046 (p<0.001) in women, respectively. The IDI and NRI were increased the most by VFA in men and VSR in women. Conclusions: Using CT-based abdominal adiposity indexes in addition to WC may improve the detection of NAFLD. The best predictive indicators were VFA in men and VSR in women.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.95-98
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• 2012

There are many high-rise apartment building construction in Korea. There was an accident to pass through worker head by rebar dropped from height place. Therefore, low cost-high effectiveness method to prevent this type of accident should be revised and applied into the construction site. This study is to find out which method could be effectively applied to a site with low cost. Practical field test at 4th floor, 10th floor of apartment building site using re-bar diameter D10, D13, D16, D19, D22 with a length of 1 m, 1.5 m, 2 m, 2.5 m, 3 m which are common by used in a site. The test has also been done with a cover of styrofoam thickness 4.5 cm and thickness 9cm on field drop preventing net. One sheet of styrofoam thickness 45 mm has approximately two times stronger than only prevention net, It is found. Also, Two sheets have approximately two times stronger than one sheet of it.