• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2010

Early nutritional support for preterm infants is critical because such support influences long-term outcome. Minimal enteral feeding should be initiated as soon as possible if an infant is stable and if feeding advancement is recommended as relevant to the clinical course. Maternal milk is the gold standard for enteral feeding, but fortification may be needed to achieve optimal growth in a rapidly growing premature infant. Erythromycin may aid in promoting gastrointestinal motility in cases that exhibit feeding intolerance. Selected preterm infants need vitamins, mineral supplements, and calorie enhancers to meet their nutritional needs. Despite all that is known about this topic, additional research is needed to guide postdischarge nutrition of preterm infants in order to maintain optimal growth and neurodevelopment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 1999

Premature birth is the single largest cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity nonanomalous infants in developing countries. Advances in neonatal care have lead to increase survival and reduced short and long term morbidity for preterm infants, but the rate of preter birth has actually increased. This review provides recent multifactorial approaches to treatme and prevention of preterm birth.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2009

Preterm infants are frequently discharged from the hospital with growth retardation. Given the potentially lifelong effects of growth impairmnet during a critical time of development, considerable effort should be focused on improving growth after discharge. Growth monitoring must be based on regular measurements of weight, length, and head circumference to identify those preterm infants with poor growth that may need additional nutritional support. Although prior studies vary in design and the intervention used, the evidence supports the use of fortified formulas in formula-fed preterm infants after discharge. The situation for infants fed human milk is much less clear, it seems prudent to concentrate our efforts on the encouragement of breast-feeding in this population. Catch up growth may have many benefits, and may lead to improved development. However, its long-term metabolic consequences are currently unclear. Understanding the optimal means of providing nutrition after discharge is an ongoing process.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.10
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• pp.307-311
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• 2017

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition of hospitalized preterm infants. Numerous studies have attempted to identify the cause of NEC by examining the immunological features associated with pathogenic microorganisms. No single organism has proven responsible for the disease; however, immunological studies are now focused on the microbiome. Recent research has investigated the numerous bacterial species residing in the body and their role in diseases in preterm infants. The timing of initial microbial colonization is a subject of interest. The microbiome appears to transfer from the mother to the newborn, as well as to the fetus. Cross-talk between the fetus and fetal microbiome takes place continuously to generate a unique immune system. This review examined the transfer of the microbiome to the human fetus, and its potential relationship with NEC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2023

Remarkable advances in neonatal care have significantly improved the survival of extremely low birth weight infants in recent years. However, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) continues to be a major complication in preterm infants, leading to a high incidence of cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment. IVH is primarily caused by disruption of the fragile vascular network of the subependymal germinal matrix, and subsequent ventricular dilatation adversely affects the developing infant brain. Based on recent research, periventricular white matter injury is caused not only by ischemia and morphological distortion due to ventricular dilatation but also by free iron and inflammatory cytokines derived from hematoma and its lysates. The current guidelines for the treatment of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in preterm infants do not provide strong recommendations, but initiating treatment intervention based on ultrasound measurement values before the appearance of clinical symptoms of PHH has been proposed. Moreover, in the past decade, therapeutic interventions that actively remove hematomas and lysates have been introduced. The era is moving beyond cerebrospinal fluid shunt toward therapeutic goals aimed at improving neurodevelopmental outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2023

Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is among the devastating neurological complications with mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates ranging from 14.7% to 44.7% in preterm infants. The medical techniques have improved throughout the years, as the morbidity-free survival rate of very-low-birth-weight infants has increased; however, the neonatal and long-term morbidity rates have not significantly improved. To this date, there is no strong evidence on pharmacological management on GM-IVH, due to the limitation of well-designed randomized controlled studies. However, recombinant human erythropoietin administration in preterm infants seems to be the only effective pharmacological management in limited situations. Hence, further high-quality collaborative research studies are warranted in the future to ensure better outcomes among preterm infants with GM-IVH.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.752-760
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• 2007

Inadequate nutritional status of pregnancy can cause underweight and premature birth, undergrowth and deliverance of physically and mentally defected babyies. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines for preventing preterm delivery in the aspect of nutritional factors. The nutrient intakes were compared between a preterm delivery group and a normal term delivery group to recognize risk factors of preterm delivery. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The pregnancy period was statistically longer in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Weight increase was statistically higher in the normal term group (p<0.0001). Calories (p<0.05), carbohydrates (p<0.0005), dietary fibers (p<0.0001), potassium (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.0005), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), vitamin C (p<0.0001), and folic acid (p<0.05) intakes were statistically higher in the normal term group. Nutrient density of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) in the normal term group was statistically higher. Nutrient adequacy ratio of zinc (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and folic acid (p<0.05) were statistically higher in the normal term group. Index of Nutritional Quality of vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.05) and vitamin C (p<0.0001) were statistically higher in the normal term group. In this study, the normal term delivery showed higher intakes of calories, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$ vitamin C and folic acid than the preterm delivery group. Deficiencies in various nutrients may lead to preterm delivery, therefore, balanced nutrient intake is recommended to prevent preterm delivery.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess levels of stress, coping style, and nursing needs for hospitalized pregnant women diagnosed with preterm labor. Methods: Data were collected from 125 pregnant women aged between 20 and 40 years and diagnosed with preterm labor by OBGY units at 3 hospitals. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, t-test, and ANOVA with $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test. Results: The level of stress among women was an average of 2.13 out of 4 points, the level of coping style was an average of 2.66, and nursing needs was an average of 2.83 out of 4 points. The level of stress was significantly different by job, length of hospital stay, type of hospital, and history of admission at obstetric unit. The level of coping style was significantly different by age and monthly income. The level of nursing needs was significantly different by type of hospital. Higher level of stress and coping style were related to higher level of nursing needs. There was no significant correlation between stress and coping style. Conclusion: The result showed the importance of nursing intervention dealing with stress, coping style and nursing needs for women with preterm labor. Nurses need to provide nursing interventions to reduce the stress, to strengthen the coping style, and to satisfy the nursing needs for pregnant women hospitalized due to preterm labor.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was an quasi-experimental study to compare the effect of applying polyethylene wrap and aircap in maintaining body temperature of preterm infants. Methods: The participants were 51 preterm infants. Aircap was applied to the experimental group (n=23) and polyethylene wrap was applied to the control group (n=28) when the preterm infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit. The data was collected at W hospital in J-province from June 2016 to May 2017. A total of 9 body temperature measurements were taken at 3 hours interval from 5 min to 24 hours after admission. Repeated measure ANOVA, independent t-test and χ² test were conducted used with SPSS/WIN 24.0 Results: There were no significant difference in the homogeneity tests for general characteristics and dependent variables prior to the experiments (t=0.57, p=.566). There was a significant difference on body temperature of preterm infants over time (F=3.24, p=.020). There was no significant difference on body temperature between polyethylene wrap and aircap application groups (F=1.29, p=.261). The interaction between the group and the time was insignificant (F=1.51, p=.214). Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that both methods of applying polyethylene wrap and aircap on the body in preterm infants had effect in maintaining body temperature.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.255-266
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• 2018

Objectives: This study compared the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight between native-born and foreign-born women. Methods: By Using the birth registration data, every woman who gave birth between 2010 and 2016 in Korea was included in the analysis. Duration from marriage to pregnancy was measured by month and multiple socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were controlled. Preterm birth (<37 weeks) and low birth weight (<2.5 kg) were used for outcome variables. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis with Stata. Results: The risks of preterm birth and low birth weight for native-born and foreign-born women differed according to the duration of marriage or birth order. For the first infant, foreign-born women were more likely to have pereterm birth or low birth weight than the native-born in the early stage of marriage but nativeborn women had higher risks than the foreign-born in the middle and later stage of marriage. For the second infant, foreign-born women were less likely to have pereterm birth or low birth weight than the native-born regardless of the duration of marriage. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrates that the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight for foreign-born women is concentrated on the early stage of marriage. Institutional and cultural supports should be given to foreign-born women to help their early settlement in the Korean society.