• 건설안전기술
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• 통권49호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2009

By bond mechanism between the prestressing strand and the concrete surrounding it, the effective force of prestressing must be transferred to the concrete entirely. The distance required to transfer the effective force of prestressing is called the transfer length, and the development length is the bond length required to anchor the strand as it resists external loads on the member. Transfer length was determined from the concrete strain profile at the level of the strands at transfer and development length was determined from various external loading lengths and compared with current code equation. Through the test results, bond failure is predicted based on the distress caused by cracks when they propagate within the transfer zone of prestressing strand. The current code equation was found to be conservative in comparison with the measured value.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2008

By bond mechanism between the prestressing strand and the concrete surrounding it, the effective force of prestressing must be transferred to the concrete entirely. The distance required to transfer the effective force of prestressing is called the transfer length, and the development length is the bond length required to anchor the strand as it resists external loads on the member. Transfer length was determined from the concrete strain profile at the level of the strands at transfer and development length was determined from various external loading lengths and compared with current code equation. Through the test results, bond failure is predicted based on the distress caused by cracks when they propagate within the transfer zone of prestressing strand. The current code equation was found to be conservative in comparison with the measured value.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2020

Pretensioned concrete (PC) is widely used in contemporary construction. Bond of prestressing strand is significant for composite-action between the strand and concrete in the transfer and flexural-bond zones of PC members. This study develops a new methodology for quantifying the bond of 18-mm prestressing strand in PC members based on results of a pullout test, the Standard Test for Strand Bond (STSB). The experimental program includes: (a) twenty-four pretensioned concrete beams, using a wide range of concrete compressive strength; and (b) twelve untensioned pullout specimens. By testing beams, the transfer length, flexural-bond length, and development length were all measured. In the STSB, the pullout forces for the strands were measured. Experimental results indicate a significant relationship between the bond of prestressing strand to the code-established design parameters, such as transfer length and development length. However, the code-predictions can be unconservative for the prestressing strands having a low STSB pullout force. Three simplified bond equations are proposed for the design applications of PC members.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

본 연구는 콘크리트에서 인발실험(pullout test)을 통해서 인장을 가하지 않은 강연선의 부착특성을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 인장을 가하지 않은 강연선의 부착특성은 이형철근이나 인장이 가해진 강연선과는 다르게 나타난다. 본 연구에서 인장을 가하지 않은 강연선을 철근과 같은 용도로 사용하고 설계하기 위해서는 인장을 가하지 않은 강연선의 부착특성에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 묻힘 길이($10d_b{\sim}60d_b$), 콘크리트 피복두께(45mm, 70mm, 100mm), 그리고 강연선의 직경(12.7mm : SWPC7B, 9.3mm : SWPC7A)을 주요변수로 선정하였다. 실험결과, 묻힘길이가 증가함에 따라 상대적으로 평균부착응력은 감소하는 경향을 보여주고 있으며, 묻힘길이가 ($60d_b$) 이상 확보된다면 인장을 가하지 않은 강연선의 부착성능에 기여할 수 있을 거라 판단된다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.369-379
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• 2015

Friction in a post-tensioning system has a significant effect on the distribution of the prestressing force of tendons in prestressed concrete structures. However, attempts to derive friction coefficients using conventional electrical resistance strain gauges do not usually lead to reliable results, mainly due to the damage of sensors and lead wires during the insertion of strands into the sheath and during tensioning. In order to overcome these drawbacks of the existing measurement system, the Smart Strand was developed in this study to accurately measure the strain and prestressing force along the strand. In the Smart Strand, the core wire of a 7-wire strand is replaced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer in which the fiber Bragg grating sensors are embedded. As one of the applications of the Smart Strand, friction coefficients were evaluated using a full-scale test of a 20 m long beam. The test variables were the curvature, diameter, and filling ratio of the sheath. The analysis results showed the average wobble and curvature friction coefficients of 0.0038/m and 0.21/radian, respectively, which correspond to the middle of the range specified in ACI 318-08 in the U.S. and Structural Concrete Design Code in Korea. Also, the accuracy of the coefficients was improved by reducing the effective range specified in these codes by 27-34 %. This study shows the wide range of applicability of the developed Smart Strand system.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.699-706
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• 2015

이 연구에서는 FBG센서가 내장된 강연선을 포스트텐션 UHPC 교량(길이 11.0m, 폭 5.0m, 높이 0.6m)에 적용하고 약 1년간의 긴장력 장기모니터링 결과를 정리하였다. 그리고 초기 도입 긴장력과 차량재하시험을 통하여 콘크리트 내부 강연선의 긴장력 변화를 계측하고 계측결과에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과, 이 연구에서 제안하는 콘크리트 내부 긴장력 측정방법이 공영 중인 교량에서 외력으로 인한 콘크리트 내부의 작은 프리스트레스 변화를 효과적으로 측정할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 장기 계측결과를 이용하여 응력변화에 의한 유효변형률을 정확하게 얻기 위해서는 온도보정에 사용되는 열팽창계수의 선택이 매우 중요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.211-229
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• 2007

An experimental investigation to determine the transfer length of a seven-wire prestressing strand in different concretes is presented in this paper. A testing technique based on the analysis of bond behaviour by means of measuring the force supported by the prestressing strand on a series of specimens with different embedment lengths has been used. An analytical bond model to calculate the transfer length from an inelastic bond stress distribution along the transfer length has been obtained. A relationship between the plastic bond stress for transfer length and the concrete compressive strength at the time of prestress transfer has been found. An equation to predict the average and both the lower bound and the upper bound values of transfer length is proposed. The experimental results have not only been compared with the theoretical prediction from proposed equations in the literature, but also with experimental results obtained by several researchers.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.267-291
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• 2005

To date, many studies have been conducted for the analysis and design of reinforced concrete members with disturbed regions. However, prestressed concrete deep beams have not been the subject of many investigations. This paper presents an evaluation of the behavior and strength of three pre-tensioned concrete deep beams failed by shear and bond slip of prestressing strands using a nonlinear strut-tie model approach. In this approach, effective prestressing forces represented by equivalent external loads are gradually introduced along strand's transfer length in the nearest strut-tie model joints, the friction at the interface of main diagonal shear cracks is modeled by the aggregate interlock struts along the direction of the cracks in strut-tie model, and an algorithm considering the effect of bond slip of prestressing strands in the strut-tie model analysis and design of pre-tensioned concrete members is implemented. Through the strut-tie model analysis of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams, the nonlinear strut-tie model approach proved to present effective solutions for predicting the essential aspects of the behavior and strength of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams. The nonlinear strut-tie model approach is capable of predicting the strength and failure modes of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams including the anchorage failure of prestressing strands and, accordingly, can be employed in the practical and precise design of pre-tensioned concrete deep beams.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 손상된 기존 철근콘크리트 보에 대한 보강공법 중의 하나인 외부 프리스트레싱 보강공법과 긴장재로 사용되는 강연선 또는 CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic)판을 적용하여 그 보강효과를 파악하기 위한 구조실험을 수행하였다. 구조실험 결과를 분석하여, 본 연구에서 사용한 재료의 경우에 어느 정도의 강성증가 효과와 연성증진 효과를 발휘하는가를 파악하였다. 그 결과, 강연선과 CFRP로 보강한 각각의 경우에 무보강 시험체를 기준으로 57%와 75%의 강도증진 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.355-358
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• 1999

In recent times, large strands have become increasingly popular in the pretensioned prestressed industry and have found wide applications in varying geometries of sections. However, use of such elements and their behavior in several situations have been questioned with respect to anchoring of these strands in concrete. In addition, the experimental results available on bond are limited and information relating to large strands is rare. This study was conducted to determine the influence of some of the inadequately examined properties on transfer length of prestressing strand. The principle variables considered were strand size, concrete strength and clear bottom cover. The experimental results indicate clearly that concrete strength at transfer and cover size influence transfer length significantly. An attempt was made to suggest prediction equation for transfer length including above parameters.