• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2013

Studies show that time pressure affects the purchase decision-making process of consumers. However, in the case of apparel shopping, few studies have looked into the influence of time pressure on the purchase decision-making process. This study aims to determine how perceived time pressure in apparel shopping, time pressure situations, and product type and the interactions between these variables influence the clothing purchase process. An empirical study was conducted among males and females in their 20s and 30s. Perceived time pressure in apparel shopping was measured using four items. Time pressure situations and product types were given in the form of scenarios. A $2{\times}2{\times}2$ experimental design was used, and perceived time pressure in apparel shopping, time pressure situations, and product type were used to create eight different situations. The dependent variables included decision-making speed, anticipated regret, and anticipated purchase satisfaction. Data from 512 subjects were collected through an online data collection. Results showed that the high perceived time pressure group and the shopping situation with time pressure involved a significantly high level of decision-making time, anticipated regret, and anticipated purchase satisfaction. Marketers must understand the real-time pressure situations of consumers.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.5-13
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to analyze time use of employees to see how they make a balance between work and family. We tried to analyze time use and time pressure of married paid workers in order to understand their work and family balance. Methodology - Time use was compared by employment types and time pressure groups. We analyzed the factors influencing time pressure, dividing two employment types. The data were selected from the 2009 Korean Time Use Survey. Results - Those who feel time pressure among full-timers spent more time on work and housework and less time on personal care and leisure than those who do not feel time pressure. Logit analysis on time pressure showed that full-timers feel more time pressure than part-timers do. Gender, age, education, income, day-off type, and the presence of preschool children were significant variables on time pressure. Conclusion - These results imply that time use and time pressure for married paid workers are affected by employment types. Flexibility of labor needs to enhance work and family balance for females who have preschool children.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.195-211
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leisure time and time pressure based on time availability perspective and gender perspective. For this purpose, this study examined the use of leisure time and the level of time pressure according to gender and gender role attitudes and investigated the relationship between leisure time and time pressure focusing on gender differences in the moderating effect of gender role attitudes. The sample for the study was drawn from the Time Use Survey data collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 2009. Two cases were gathered from each of the samples who are married, aged over 20, presently working and raising preschoolers, which makes 3,150 cases in the total. The major findings are as follows. First, the differences of leisure time between groups according to gender role attitude are not significant, but gender differences are significant. Men's leisure time is more than women's leisure time. Secondly, people with progressive gender role attitudes have higher time pressure than people with conservative gender role attitudes. By the gender groups, women's time pressure is higher than men's time pressure. Thirdly, men's time pressure is decreasing as leisure time increases, but effect of leisure time on women's time pressure is not significant. Women with progressive gender role attitudes have higher time pressure than women with conservative gender role attitudes. On the other hand, influence of gender role attitudes on men's time pressure is not significant. Fourthly, only male group has a significant moderating effect of gender role attitudes in the relationship between leisure time and time pressure. In other words, time pressure of men with conservative gender role attitudes is decreasing more sharply than men with progressive gender role attitudes as leisure time increases. In contrast, increased leisure time does not relieve women's time pressure even though they have conservative gender role attitudes. These results show that men's time pressure can be interpreted in the time availability perspective, while women's time pressure can be described in gender perspective.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.37-53
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in perceived time pressure between employed and non-employed married women in Korea. The sample of married couple from the Korean Time Use Survey 2009 (n = 6,948 couple diaries) was used to examined the difference in the level of perceived time pressure over the life cycle of two group. This study also investigated the married women's time use, husband's time use as well as hour of domestic outsourcing and whether such factors are associated with lowering perceived time pressure of married women. Results showed employed wives felt almost 3 times more time pressed than non-employed wives, and the gap mostly remained over different life cycles. Total work hours were associated with increasing the time pressure of both groups of women, while regenerating time was associated with ameliorating time pressure. The result suggests that the time pressure gap between employed and non-employed wives can be partly due to the relative length of total labor hours and regenerating time among the two groups. Ordered logit analysis revealed that husband's paid work hours were not associated with wive's feeling rushed, but husband' unpaid work hours were positively linked with time pressure of their wives. Results indicated if employed or non-employed wives are feeling very busy, there is a high chance that husband might give them some help. We found employed wives spend more hours on housework outsourcing, and purchasing goods for housework was not associated with lowering the feeling of pressure of employed wives. There were both similarity and difference in factors associated with women's feeling pressed among employed and non-employed wives. It implies that social process and it's strategies to alleviate the time pressure can be different by women's employment status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.199-205
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• 1998

Butt fusions were practiced with butt fusion in the various conditions of fusion temperatures, pressure and time, and the tests of tesile strength, breaking water pressure and fusion features were also practiced so that the reliability of the butt fusion and the fittets fusion condition may be closely examined. And the width, height and thickness of the beads were also closely measured. The fittest fusion result was achieved in the condition of the temperature of $210^{\circ}C$, heating time hight pressure of 14 seconds on the pressure of $1.5kg/cm^2$, heating time hight pressure of 100 seconds and pressure buid-up time of 11 seconds. And in case of the temperature of $250^{\circ}C$, the fittest fusion result was showed in the condition of the heating time hight pressure of 3 seconds on the pressure of 1.0$kg/cm^2$, the heating time low pressure variable of 100 seconds. heating time hight pressure of 14 seconds and the heating maintenance of around 60 seconds. The result of breaking water pressure test of a test piece fusion in the fittest fusion condition was that the fusion condition of the PE pipe showed a good stability and hight reliance. Through this test, it is proved that the temperature of fusion PE pipes can be increased to $250^{\circ}C$ from $210^{\circ}C$. And it can be expected that the above fusion method greatly helps to reduce the fusion time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.154-159
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• 2011

The effect of the ignition delay time gap is newly studied. The operational characteristics of the linked two pyrotechnic thrusters are affected by the time gap. Although two thrusters are simultaneously ignited, the time at which the pressure starts to rise in each thruster may not be synchronized. The characteristic of the system with the time gap is compared with that of the fully synchronized system without any time gap. Depending upon the magnitude of the time gap, the pressure-time profile and the ballistic performance are different. When two pyrotechnic thrusters have a time gap, the peak pressure of one thruster(in which the pressure is built up earlier) is increased and the other is decreased. As the time gap is increased, the peak pressure is converged into the maximum pressure. This maximum pressure can be obtained when only one thruster is activated. Because the maximum pressure is bounded, it is predicted that there isn't any catastrophic failures in the considered system. When the time gap is relatively small, the impulse of the combined force acting on the moving body is almost maintained. But the ballistic performance of the system with a large time gap should be carefully estimated because the reduction of the ballistic performance should not be easily neglected.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the differences in blood pressure among adults in the community according to age and time of the blood pressure measurement. Methods: This was a secondary analysis study, using data from a 2015 community health survey, conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The data of three-time-measured blood pressure were collected from 337 subjects, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 years old, which are median ages by each age group. Results: The primary systolic pressure was significantly higher than the secondary systolic pressure (t= 3.46, p= .001) and the tertiary systolic pressure (t= 4.83, p= .001). The secondary systolic pressure was higher than the tertiary measurement (t= 2.05, p= .041). There was no significant difference between the three-time-measured values for diastolic pressure. There was a significant interaction between measurement times and age in the systoic blood pressure readings (F= 1.95, p= .036). However, there was no significant interaction between measurement times and age in the diastolic blood pressure readings (F= 1.03, p= .418). Conclusion: The findings suggest that attention must be paid to the use of blood pressure values in studies or one-time-measured clinical blood pressure values. In particular, the differences in systolic pressure readings taken at different times in the older age groups were significant. Therefore, it is more important to carefully assess blood pressure in adults over the age of 45 compared to other age groups.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

In this paper, we study about wear properties for the metal matrix composites fabricated by low pressure infiltration process. Metal fiber preform reinforced aluminum alloy composite were fabricated by low pressure casting process under 0.4MPa. Infiltration condition was changed the pressure infiltration time of 1 s, 2 s and 5 s under a constant pressure of 0.4MPa. The molten alloy completely infiltrated the FeCrSi metal perform regardless of the increase in the pressure acceleration time. However, the infiltration time at the pressure acceleration time of 1s was shorter than at the pressure acceleration time of 2s or 5s. The FeCrSi/A366.0 composite was investigated the porosity. The porosity is reducing as the pressure acceleration time compared with the pressure acceleration time of 2s and 5s. The FeCrSi/A366.0 composites were investigated the wear resistance. FeCrSi/A366.0 composite at pressure acceleration time of 1s has excellent wear resistance.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.639-646
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• 2010

The APAM's quantitative effectiveness and comparative study in preventing and treating pressure ulcer has not been sufficiently evaluated mainly because of uncertainty of pressure load input and lack of interpretation of dynamic perfusion recovery characteristics of soft tissue. The purpose of this paper was to quantify and analyze the alternating pressure characteristics of APAM as a preventive measure for pressure ulcers. To quantify the alternating load to human body, we introduced alternating pressure profile concept and developed parametric model of the profile. Regarding pressure level and cycle time, 3 global and 7 local periodic parameters were used to define the profile such as light, standard, typical and heavy duty profile shape. Pressure impulse ratio of light duty is the lowest but pressure fluctuation is significantly high. For the same duty shape, contact conditions are changed with alternating cycle time and more dramatically in shorter alternating cycle time conditions. We can conclude that if we use shorter alternating cycle time on APAM's operation we can get more positive effects regarding to inflated contact time condition. We proposed the quantitative methods on tissue viability study of external loading by simultaneous measurement of interface pressure and tissue perfusion with proper alternating pressure profile conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Sensory evaluation of shucking pressure, pressure holding time, seeding method, difference in full shucking rate in the aquaculture area and shucking oyster was performed using an ultra-high pressure oyster shucking machine. The reaching time for each target pressure is 2.2-2.4 MPa/sec in the range of 180 MPa to 240 MPa. had a rate of pressure rise. There was a difference of 0.5-1.7℃ in the range of 24-27℃ in the seawater temperature before and after the pressure treatment inside the pressure vessel, but there was no specific increase or decrease in seawater temperature. When only the shucking pressure is increased without the pressure holding time, the critical shucking pressure at which the oyster shell is opened and the flesh is peeled in the range of 200 to 220 MPa. When the critical shucking pressure is reached, the oyster sample in the closed vessel is expected to be shucked by about 40%. If there is no pressure holding time when judged only by full shucking, an increase in pressure of about 1.5 MPa is required to further shuck 3% of the oyster population. The oyster samples cultivated in the south coast of Korea were subject to full shucking under the conditions of 220 MPa shucking pressure and two minutes (120 seconds) of pressure holding time, and the difference in the pressure of the oysters according to the oyster seeding method and the farming area was minute. Finally, the condition of 220 MPa of shucking pressure and three minutes of pressure holding time was the best at 1.52 when the result of the sensory evaluation performed manually was set to 1.0. Next was 1.4 under the conditions of 220 MPa of shucking pressure and one minute of pressure holding time (60 seconds), and 1.3 under the condition of 220 MPa and two minutes of pressure holding time (120 seconds). Therefore, it is considered that the most desirable shucking conditions, considering the efficiency and sensory evaluation results, are the conditions of 220 MPa shucking pressure and two to three minutes of pressure holding time.