• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2012

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of children's culinary education motive and contents consideration on teachers perception of education effectiveness. The data was gathered from 226 of preschool teachers providing culinary education programs using the five-Likert scales. The preschools were chosen from three randomly selected districts in Seoul, South Korea. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were utilized for this study. The result indicate that culinary educators designed the contents of the program considering their convenience when their motive is passive, whereas others focussed on the educational purpose such as children's eating habit formulation, team work, and development of taste sense when their motive is active. The result also confirmed that culinary educators perceived the educational effectiveness (e.g., children's development of body, team work, and creativeness) in the course of designing culinary education contents when focusing on children's education.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.922-934
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• 2008

Developmental language disorder is the most common developmental disability in childhood, occurring in 5-8% of preschool children. Children learn language in early childhood, and later they use language to learn. Children with language disorders are at increased risk for difficulties with reading and written language when they enter school. These problems often persist through adolescence or adulthood. Early intervention may prevent the more serious consequences of later academic problems, including learning disabilities. A child's performance in specific speech and language areas, such as phonological ability, vocabulary comprehension, and grammatical usage, is measured objectively using the most recently standardized, norm-referenced tests for a particular age group. Observation and qualitative analysis of a child's performance supplement objective test results are essential for making a diagnosis and devising a treatment plan. Emphasis on the team approach system in the evaluation of children with speech and language impairments has been increasing. Evidence-based therapeutic interventions with short-term, long-term, and functional outcome goals should be applied, because there are many examples of controversial practices that have not been validated in large, controlled trials. Following treatment intervention, periodic follow-up monitoring by a doctor is also important. In addition, a systematized national health policy for children with speech and language disorders should be provided.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1323-1328
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the beneficial effects of forest experience on emotional changes in young children who are exposed to smartphones in daily life. This research was conducted on 41 children aged five and six years at a kindergarten in Chungcheongnamdo province. The children participated in a five-month forest experience program, conducted twice a week. Before beginning the study, its purpose and procedure were explained to the children's parents and kindergarten teachers, after which written content was collected. Before and after the five-month experience, questionnaires about smartphone use and emotional conditions were administered through the parents. The participants were divided into two groups, namely average-use and high-use groups, depending on the smartphone addiction proneness score. It was found that negative psychological subscales such as anxiety, impulse, and depression decreased following the five-month forest experience in both groups. Positive psychological attitudes such as sociability and creativity increased significantly after the forest experience. The high-use group showed a wider range of positive changes compared to the average-use group. Accordingly, forest experiences can be used as an effective solution for smartphone addiction problems among young children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.537-553
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• 2004

This ethnographic case-study explores the daily experiences in child-rearing and education among Korean full-time housewives. For this purpose, 11 full-time housewives in their thirties and forties from the middle class were interviewed with an unstructured questionnaire. The findings are as follows: Full-time housewives tend to assume the full responsibility for child-caring and education. Their time is structured around the schedules of caring children and participating in educational programs for children. The most demanding tasks for them include preparing for a preschool, getting the children ready for school, rendering supports for children's schools, extra curricular education, and arranging and offering gift money to teachers. They feel that their husbands do not provide enough supports for child-caring and education. Despite all the negative experiences, Korean full-time housewives put in whatever they have to make sure their children's well-being and to provide the best education possible for their children; the maternal identity plays a role of the utmost importance in them.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.313-324
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• 2009

The study is to investigate mothers' parental beliefs about child development and the children's developmental tasks, and to explore the relationship between mother's parental beliefs and child-rearing behaviors. The subjects are 113 pairs of 4- to 5-year-old children and their mothers. For measuring maternal beliefs about child-development, 'beliefs about development scale' and 'child-rearing beliefs scales' were used. For mother's child-rearing behaviors, 'child rearing behavior observation scale' was used. The main results were: first, mothers value the cognitive theory and 'autonomous behavior' higher than 'conforming behavior' in developing their children. Second, there were no differences in mother's parenting beliefs in the factors of 'gender of their children' and 'maternal job status', while there were significant differences in maternal beliefs according to the levels of mother's education and family income. Third, sub-scales of their parenting beliefs were correlated with interactive behaviors between them and their children. The more mothers put importance on cognitive theory and children's autonomous behaviors, the more their supportive child-rearing behaviors during child-mother task solving situations were showed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2014

Purpose: Constipation is a common pediatric problem worldwide. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric constipation in south Jordan according to gender and age group. Methods: All patients with constipation managed at our pediatric gastroenterology service between September 2009 and December 2012 were included. Hospital charts were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis were recorded. Data were analyzed according to gender and the following age groups: infants, pre-school, school age, and adolescents. Results: During the study period, 126 patients were enrolled. The number (percentage) of patients according to age were the following infants: 43 (34.1%), pre-school: 55 (43.7%), school age: 25 (19.8%), and adolescents: 3 (2.4%). Males made up 54.8% of the study population. There were no statistical gender differences in any age group. The most common symptom in all age groups was dry, hard stool. Infrequent defecation was found in almost one-half of the patients. Fecal incontinence was more common in school-aged children compared to pre-school-aged children and adolescents. Abdominal pain was seen in almost 40% of the constipated children. Abdominal pain was more prevalent in girls and older children. Fecal mass in the rectum was the most common physical finding, with constipated boys exhibiting higher rates. Functional constipation was the most common etiology. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of constipation in children vary according to age group and gender. Older children had less frequent bowel motions, a longer duration of symptoms, and a higher prevalence of long-standing constipation compilations (fecal incontinence and abdominal pain).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess how mothers' oral health behaviour, knowledge, and socio-demographic characteristics influence on dental caries status of their children. The 142 children and their mothers were selected for this study. The children were 5 and 6 years old in the three day care centers in Ulsan, Korea. Date were collected by oral examination on children and self-administrated questionnaire on their mothers. The questionnaire was surveyed mothers' behaviour and know ledge of oral health and their socio-demographic characteristics. The findings of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The higher mother's educational level and the greater children members, the higher degree of oral health knowledge, but there was no significant relation. 2. There was significant relationship between working mothers and correct toothbrushing, between monthly mean income and important for oral health. 3. The dft index was lower when the higher mother's oral health knowledge, the larger toothbrushing frequency, preventive dental visit.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health habit forming of children to develop health education area in children's education. For the purpose, 330 children with 175 boys and 155 girls ranging of 4 to 6 in the ages were selected as subjects. The methods of study are used by questionaries of DA KAENG Social Achievement Scale with 50 items in 5 areas. Statistical process was used ANOVA, t -test, coefficiency through SPSS. The results were as follows ; 1) The study showed that the score of health habits of 50 items were lower than score of standard value of DA KAENG type of social Achievement Scale. 2) There were coefficiency with 5 health habits area each other. 3) The score of boys were higher than girls score without signifficant differences level in health habit forming. 4) The area of excreting habit, neating habit, and clothing habit forming were effected by ages with signifficant difference among the those of health habit forming areas. 5) The study indicated that mother's job were not effect to health habit forming for children. 6) The excreting habit, neating habit and clothing habit forming among the health habits were effected by socia-economics status of home. 7) The factors of enrollment of preschool, father's job and mother's age were not effect to health habit forming for children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.127-136
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a group-counseling program to improve children's social ability. For this study, six children were selected for an experimental group and another six for a control group. They were tested using the Social Skill Rating System for Preschool level. In addition to a quantitative analysis, a qualitative analysis was conducted to examine group processes and changes of each child. The experimental group participated in a socio-drama group art therapy, and game play therapy whereas the control group did not receive any treatment. In order to examine the impact of the intervention, ore-program tests and post-program tests were conducted. The results were as follows: First, children's social ability was improved. There was a significant difference in social ability between the experimental and the control group. Second the group counseling program was proved to be effective. This program was primarily designed for children from low-income families.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2004

This work was based on the hypotheses that fingernail clippings can be used as a biomarker for the subchronic exposure to fluoride. This study was conducted to prove the hypotheses and fingernail clippings were collected form 120 preschool children aged $3{\sim}6$ residing in Jumunjin(community water fluoridation area) and Kangnung(non-fluoridation area). The acid-diffusible fluoride in the fingernail clipping was isolated by the acid-diffusion technique and measured with a fluoride electrode. The mean fingernail fluoride as the children's living area were 4.49ug/g(SD 2.43) to Jumunjin and 2.68ug/g(SD 1.13) to Kangnung. As would be expected, the fluoride concentration in fingernail clippings were significantly different between the two geographical groups(p<0.001) determined by t-test.