• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.109-126
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• 2017

Universal soil loss equation (USLE) is used to estimate soil loss solely or employed in any hydrologic models. Since soil erosion has been an issue in South Korea for decades, the Ministry of Environment enacted a law to regulate soil erosion in 2012, which is the Notification of topsoil erosion status. The notification is composed of preliminary and field investigations, the preliminary investigation suggests to use USLE and provides USLE factors. However, the USLE factors provided in the notification was prepared at least 10 years ago, therefore it is limited to reflect recent climate changes. Moreover the current yearly USLE approach does not provide an opportunity to consider seasonal variation of soil erosion in South Korea. A GIS-based model was therefore applied to evaluate the yearly USLE approach in the notification. The GIS-based model employs USLE to estimate soil loss, providing an opportunity to estimate monthly soil loss with monthly USLE factor databases. Soil loss was compared in five watersheds, which were Geumgang, Hangang, Nakdonggang, Seomjingang, and Yeongsangang watersheds. The minimum difference was found at Seomjingang watershed, the yearly potential soil loss were 40.15 Mg/ha/yr by the notification approach and 34.42 Mg/ha/yr by the GIS-based model using monthly approach. And, the maximum difference was found at Nakdonggang watershed, the yearly potential soil loss were 27.01 Mg/ha/yr by the notification approach and 10.67 Mg/ha/yr by the GIS-based model using monthly approach. As a part of the study result, it was found that the potential soil loss can be overestimated in the notification approach.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

Objectives: Improvement of the reliability of work environment measurement results is one of the principal subjects to be resolved in the field of industrial hygiene. Thus, this study was conducted in order to review domestic programs for enhancing the reliability of work environment measurement results and propose a more efficient management plan for workplace monitoring. Materials and Methods: The current domestic programs reviewed in this study are the quality control system and evaluation system for industrial hygiene laboratories, the reliability system accompanied by KOSHA (the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency), the system of permissible exposure limits and observed inspection system for permissible exposure limits. Their contents and data were analyzed by reviewing articles, reports, and guidelines related to reliability improvement for work environment measurement results. Results: As a result of the literature review, all the domestic programs investigated in this study had both merits and demerits in terms of considering the reliability of work environment measurement results. In particular, the fact that preliminary notification is provided to the head of a workplace before implementation would be an obstacle for elevating the reliability of work environment measurement results. Conclusions: Based on the review results obtained from this study, it is proposed that on-site measurement without preliminary notification should be considered for a more efficient inspection system that would enhance the reliability of workplace monitoring.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.293-322
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• 1998

General Administrative Procedures of the Preshipment Inspection 1. Initial notification Preshipment Inspection is initiated by Agency when it receives notice either from the importing country, or the seller, that an export needs to be imspected 1.1 Notice from the importing country 1.2 Notice from the seller 2. Preliminary price verification After receipt of initial notification, Agency undertakes, Where possible, a preliminary price verification, based upon the Inspection Order and other contractual documents received. 3. Customs classification When required by the Government of the importing country. Agency forms an opinion of the Customs Classification Code based upon the Customs Tariff Book and Rules of Classification of the country of importation. The Customs Classification Code determines the tariff rate on the basis of which the importer will be required to pay import duties. 4. Import eligibility 5. Arrangements for physical inspection 5.1 Inspection request from seller 5.2 Place of inspection 5.3 Date of inspection 5.4 Physical inspection procedures 6. Physical inspection results When the physical inspection is completed, the inspector submits his report to the Agency office and the result of inspection will be communicated to the seller and, where applicable, the place of inspection. The result will state: satisfactory or conditional of unsatisfactory. The seller is welcome to present his views in writting to Agency in the event there is any query regarding the issuance of a conditional of unsatisfactory inspection result. 6.1 Satisfactory 6.2 Conditional 6.3 Unsatisfactory 7. Shipment of the goods The seller is advised to check with Agency prior to shipment if the physical inspection result has not been received or there are any doubts concerning whether a Clean Report of Findings will be issued. 8. Final price verification and classification Based on the results of physical inspection and appropriate final documents, Agency finalises the price verification and the Agency opinion of Customs classification code. When the preliminary price verification has not resulted in any unresolved questions and the inspection result and other documents received are consistent with the preliminary documentation, Agency will not normally require any additional information. The main exception would be if the terms of sale require reference to prices at the date of shipment. 9. The Report of Findings 9.1 Types of Reports of Findings - Clean Reports of Findings(CRF) The Agency will issue a Clean Reports of Findings(CRF), or equivalent document, normally within two working days after receipt of the necessary correct final documents and a satisfactory result in all aspects of the inspection. - Discrepancy Report.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

Purpose: This study developed a protocol for nursing care after death for adult patients in hospitals. Methods: This was a methodological study to develop a care after death protocol. The preliminary protocol was developed based on a literature review, guidelines, and practice recommendations from groups of experts and clinical nurses. Content validity was evaluated by a group of experts (n=6) and nurses (n=30) in two hospitals. Results: The preliminary protocol recommendations were modified by validation and the open-question analysis results. The final protocol comprised three general recommendations and 43 recommendations in five steps that are verification and notification of a death, personal care of the body, viewing the patient, patient transfer, and documentation and self-care. Conclusion: This study result provides nurses with a consensus information on patient care after death and family support in a hospital setting. This nursing protocol is expected to improve the quality of care after death for adult patients and their families, and can be used for developing educational and emotional support for nurses to accomplish their important role.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to discovered assessment items for improving athletic efficiency and management of golf courses. Through this, the study intended to provide basic data for creating competitive golf courses and management. Important assessment items were selected by inducing preliminary assessment items and conducting a preliminary survey and a main survey for specialists through a theoretical study. For the survey results studied, reliability and average value for importance were calculated using SPSS/PC Window Release 12.0. As assessment of importance by assessment area, in athletic efficiency assessment, course management level was the highest, followed by fairness of games and operation of games. In management assessment, importance of service level, information management, facility management, management of game assistants, etc. were high. As assessment of importance by assessment item, it was found that 'variety of golf shot' and 'the length of a course' were important in course layout. Also 'start interval among teams' and 'disturbance of play' were assessed as important items in game operation, while 'fair reservation' and 'rounding rotation time' were important in fairness of games. In addition, in information management, 'kind service of golf course staffs' and 'prompt reservation and notification' were found to be important assessment items. In facility management, all assessment indexes were over 4.0, which means all of them are important for quality of golf course and competitiveness. In membership service, 'appropriate price of goods for sale' and 'service for members' were relatively important assessment items. Further, in management of game assistants, 'qualifications and skillfulness of game assistants' was assessed as a very important index. Although the current study only selected important items to assess excellent golf courses, it is necessary to apply the study results to the actual sites and verify them for golf course both at domestic and abroad.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.451-463
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• 2023

With South Korea increasingly focusing on nuclear energy, the management of spent nuclear fuel has attracted considerable attention in South Korea. This study established a novel procedure for selecting safety-relevant radionuclides for long-term safety assessments of a deep geological repository in South Korea. Statistical evaluations were performed to identify the design basis reference spent nuclear fuels and evaluate the source term for up to one million years. Safety-relevant radionuclides were determined based on the half-life criteria, the projected activities for the design basis reference spent nuclear fuel, and the annual limit of ingestion set by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission Notification No. 2019-10 without considering their chemical and hydrogeological properties. The proposed process was used to select 56 radionuclides, comprising 27 fission and activation products and 29 actinide nuclides. This study explains first the determination of the design basis reference spent nuclear fuels, followed by a comprehensive discussion on the selection criteria and methodology for safety-relevant radionuclides.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the sequence of software education content elements of the 2015 revised national curriculum in terms of basic subjects that preliminary informatics teachers should complete in the college, presented in ministry of education notification no. 2017-126, in order to implement and establish more systematic and interrelated software education. Expert reviews were conducted to verify the validity of the sequence analysis and the results were presented in a structured table, which can be used as a reference for teachers in the field to consider the sequence of educational content when designing curricula and lessons. In addition, learning concepts, which are the key words of the achievement criteria associated with the content elements, are analyzed in order to explore the hierarchy of software education contents in each sequence. Based on this, the study suggests how to link software education between school levels.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.180-194
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• 2017

Agricultural hazards management technology, which would allow individual farms to respond preemptively, has been developed. A preliminary system developed in the previous study provides precise weather forecasts by farms, notification of weather hazards by crops and delivery of response guidelines (http://www.agmet.kr). Although the GIS map-based alarm system has been implemented for a number of farmers and their farms, its user interface was not designed for individual users who seek information at their farms. In this study, we have developed a mobile application to provide early warnings of weather hazards up to 10 days in advance. A set of information including field-specific weather, crop growth stages and weather hazard alerts can be delivered to individual farmers through their mobile phone. This would guide users to access the map-based system using their smartphone to obtain field-specific weather information by the growth stage of cultivated crops. This would help the farmers make the better use of the existing weather-hazard GIS map-based alarm system.