• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2000

Purpose: To investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 during eary tooth development after irradiation and calcium-deficient diet. Materials and Methods: The pregnant three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The control group was non-irradiation/normal diet group (Group 1), and the experimental groups were irradiation/normal diet group (Group 2) and irradiation/calcium-deficient diet group (Group 3). The abdomen of the rats at the 9th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single dose of 350 cGy. The rat pups were sacrificed at embryonic 18 days, 3 days and 14 days after delivery and the maxillae tooth germs were taken. The tissue sections of specimen were stained immunohisto-chemically with anti-BMP-2/4 antibody. Results: At embryo-18 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was modetate in stratum intermedium of dental organ and weak in dental papilla and dental follicle, but that of Group 2 was weak in cell layer of dental organ, and no immunoreacivity was shown in dental papilla and dental follice of Group 2 and in all tissue components of the Group 3. At postnatal-3 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was strong in cell layer of dental organ, odontoblasts and developing alveolar bone, but that of Group of 2 and Group 3 was weak in odontoblasts and developing alveolar bone. At postnatal-14 days, immunoreacivity for BMP-2/4 of the Group 1 was strong in newly formed cementum, alveolar bone and odontoblasts, but that of Group 2 was weaker than that of Group 1. In the Group 3, tooth forming cell layer showed weak immunoreactivity, but other cell layers showed no immunoreactivity. Couclusion : The expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2/4 during early tooth development was disturbed after irradiation and calcium-deficient diet.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1989

The adverse effect of diving on the fetus may extend beyond n gestational process and outcome. Primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of ten exposure schedules during gestatred $PO_2$ level, the following question about the effect of exposing a pregnant female to high partial pressure of inspired oxygen has been raised. 'What effect does an increased maternal $PIO_2$ have on fetal arterial $PO_2$ and therefore on possible fetal oxygen poisoning?' This study was carried out to observe the effects of maternal hyperoxia on gestational process and outcome. Primiparous Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of ten exposure schedules during gestation. The treatment groups were subjected to either the high concentration of oxygen, or the high atmospheric pressure. On day 21 of gestation, laparotomy was performed to examine for number and distribution of implantations and live and resorbing embryos. Fetuses were weighed, and examined for gross malformations. Subsequently, they were fixed, measured in physical parameters, and examined for visceral anomalies. Minor visceral anomalies and anatomical variation was not found. Similarily, there were no significant differences when number of resorptions, mean fetal weights, pregnancy interruption rate were compared by analysis of variance. These results indicate that exposing rats to oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure doese not affect fetal health or survival.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.271-278
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• 1986

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of the antiestrogens, LY-117018 and tamoxifen, on implantation in ovariectomized or intact adult rats. A Quantity of $80\;{\mu}g$ of LY-l17018 or tamoxifen was given to adult female rats on Day 1, 2, 3 and 4 of pregnancy and investigated the implantation sites on Bay 8 of pregnancy. The rats were ovariectomized at the first day of pregnancy and treated with various doses of LY-l17018 or tamoxifen together with progesterone daily from Day 2 to 8 of pregnancy and then investigated the implantation sites on Day 8 of pregnancy The results were summarized as follows; When a single dose of $80\;{\mu}g$ LY-l17018 and tamoxifen was given during the first 4 days of pregnancy, the implantation was intesively inhibited in the pregnant rat treated with LY-l17018 on Day 2 $(14.4{\pm}3.5%),\;3(16.3{\pm}5.3%)\;and\;tamoxifen\;on\;Days\;2\;(17.4{\pm}4.6%),\;3\;(16.3{\pm}2.8%)\;and\;4\;(13.9{\pm}3.5%).$ LY-l17018 was apt to inhibit more potently the implantation than tamoxifen except on Day 4 of pregnancy In rats ovariectomized on Day 1 of pregnancy and treated continucusly with 12? r9 of LY-117018 and tamoxifen together with progesterone showed the highest implantation rate, compared with the rats treated continuously with different doses of the two drugs. The correlation coefficients between the dosage of drugs and implantation rate were r= 0.91 (LY-117018), 0.51 (tamoxifen), respectively, except treatment with $625\;{\mu}g$ of the drugs. Tamoxifen was apt to stimulate the implantation more potently than LY-l17018 except groups treated with $625\;{\mu}g$ of the two drugs.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2000

이 연구는 정상구개백서와 비교하여 구개 파열 백서에서 osteonectin 발현 양상에 대한 관찰하기 위해 시도되었다. 임신 9일째 백서 4마리를 구입하여 1마리의 대조군과 3마리의 실험군으로 구분한후, beta-aminoproprionitrale를 임신 13일째 1g/kg체중 비율로 실험군에 투여하였다. 그 후 임신 20일째 백서를 모두 희생하여 대조군에서는 12마리, 실험군에서는 33마리의 백서 태자를 얻어 그 중 실험군에서 총 6마리의 구개파열 백서태자를 얻었다. 구개파열 백서태자 5마리를 각3마리씩 면역조직화학염색과 Western blot검사를 위해 나누고, 대조군의 구개와 구개파열군의 구개에서 osteonectin 발현양상은 다음과 같은 결과를 보였다. 1. 구개파열 백서의 간엽조직에서 osteonectin 발현 양상은 대조군에 비해 현저히 낮은 형태를 보였다. 2. 구개파열 백서의 골아세포와 골세포에서 osteonectin 발현 양상은 대조군에 비해 낮은 형태를 보였다. 3. 구개파열 백서의 비강 상피에서 osteonectin 발현 양상은 구개 상피의 발현양상과 차이가 없었다. 4. Western blot분석에서 구개 파열 백서의 osteonectin 밴드 굵기와 두께는 정상군에 비해 얇고 희미하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2020

Objectives: In the past few years, herbal medicines have gained popularity over synthetic drugs because of their natural source and minimal side effects which has led to a tremendous growth of phytopharmaceuticals usage. With the development of nanotechnology, it provides alternative approaches to overcome several limitations using nano-formulations. In spite of considerable quantity of antianemic preparations with different iron forms available, currently additives are used and represented in modern pharmaceutical market. Iron deficiency anemia is a major global public health problem which particularly affects pregnant women, children and elderly persons. The situation is complicated because of disadvantages and drug side effects from existing antianemic medicines. There is a great demand for the development of new antianemic preparations. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, possess high potential in this field. Methods: Our study focuses on developing green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) of 10-50 nm with spherical shape where different dosages were used -1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for exposure in Wistar albino female rats for 28 days. The toxicity was assessed using various parameters such as measurements of the rat body and organ mass, hematology, biochemical evaluation and histopathological examinations. Results: No significant differences were observed in body and organ weights. Hematological indices also indicated no significant differences whereas biochemical factors showed increase in levels of direct bilirubin and globulin of medium as well as high dose and SGPT levels were increased only in high dose. The major organs (heart, kidney and liver) showed histopathological alterations in 10 and 100 mg/kg whereas brain showed only in 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: The toxicity of IONPs was found to be more significant when the concentration was increased; however, low doses can be used for further investigation as an antianemic preparation.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2008

Purpose : To evaluate safety of Sibjeondaebotang and Yugmijihwangtang in rats' fetus Methods : Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with the Sibjeondaebotang and Yugmijihwangtang at dose of 5mg/kg/day for 20 days. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation. Approximately live fetuses in the 20th day of gestation were randomly selected and fixed in 95% ethanol. To observe skeletal malformations, fetuses were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S. Results : Neonatal body weight and number of fetus of Sibjeondaebotang, Yugmijihwangtang group were increased to those of control group. The fetuses treated with Sibjeondaebotang, Yugmijihwangtang didn't showed external malformation. Vertebral and sternal skeletal variations were observed in Sibjeondaebotang, Yugmijihwangtang administered group, but compared to the control, those skeletal variations were insignificant. There were no significant changes in number of ribs, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and caudal vertebrae Conclusion : From these results, it can be concluded that Sibjeondaebotang, Yugmijihwangtang shows no toxicity effects on fetus body weight and number of live fetuses. Although skeletal variations were shown in vertebrate and sternum, Sibjeondaebotang, Yugmijihwangtang did not show significant changes in bone malformation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제4권
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• pp.124-126
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• 1986

임신시 자연 발생의 임신 구토와 철분제제 복용으로 인하여 구토 현상을 경감시키고자 항구토제를 복용하는 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 임신시 항구토제가 태아의 기형 발생에 영향이 있는가를 조사하기 위하여 시판 항구토제를 5 및 10ml/kg/day의 용량으로 흰쥐 태아의 기관형성기인 임신 7일에서 17일까지 매일 1회씩 투여하여 본 결과다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 모체의 체중, 임상증상 및 황체의 수에서 대조군과 약제투여군 사이에 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았으며 사망한 것도 없었다. 2. 태아의 체중 및 평균 태자수에서 대조군과 약제투여군 사이에 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 태아의 재흡수에서는 약제투여 농도가 높을수록 다소 증가하였다. 그러나 사망한 태아는 없었다. 3. 약제투여군에서 두정골(parietal bone), 부전골(metatarsal bone), 완전골(metacarpal bone) 및 anterior phalanges ossified center에서 골화지연(delayed ossification) 현상이 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

Tartrazine (TAZ) is one of the most commonly used artificial dyes for foods and drugs. We determined the effect of TAZ on fetal development by examining morphological, visceral, and skeletal malformations in rat fetuses following daily oral administration of TAZ to pregnant Wistar rats at the 6th-15th day of gestation. TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg induced 6.0 and 7.1% fetal resorptions, as well as 10.0 and 10.5% fetal mortality, respectively. Fetal body weight and length were significantly lower in the groups treated with TAZ at 0.45 ($3.97{\pm}0.21g$ and $27.3{\pm}0.54mm$, respectively) and 4.5 mg/kg ($3.48{\pm}0.15g$ and $23.22{\pm}1.02mm$, respectively) than in the control group ($4.0{\pm}0.15g$ and $30.01{\pm}0.42mm$, respectively). TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg induced hepatic damage (20 and 33.3%, respectively), dark brown pigmentation due to hemosiderin in the splenic parenchyma (16.7 and 21.7%, respectively), as well as destructed and necrotic renal tubules (16.7 and 26.7%, respectively) in the fetuses. Moreover, TAZ at 0.45 and 4.5 mg/kg caused one or more missing coccygeal vertebrae (20 and 40%, respectively), missing sternebrae (6 and 10%, respectively), missing hind limbs (24 and 4%, respectively), and irregular ribs (16 and 20, respectively) in the fetuses. We concluded that TAZ has embryotoxic and teratogenic potentials in rats.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.261-275
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 GnRH가 과배란 처치된 래트의 초기 난포기와 후기 난포기에서 난소기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 이해하기 위해서, 30IU PMSG와 10IU hCG로 전처치된 미성숙 래트에 있어서 배란반응, 배란 난자의 형태학적 이상 유무 및 핵 성숙도, 난소 중량, 난소의 조직학적인 변화 및 혈중 스테로이드 호르몬 (17$\beta$-estradiol, progesterone 및 testosterone) 농도에 대하여 GnRH agonist의 효과를 검사하였다. GnRH agonist는 PMSG 전처치 후 초기 난포기 (PMSG 투여 후 6시간부터) 또는 후기 난포기(PMSG 투여 후 54시간부터)에 4시간 동안 20분 간격으로 경정맥 카테타를 통해 혈관내로 투여하였다. 각 실험동물은 혈중 스테로이드 호르몬의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 PMSG 투여 후 54시간, 72시간에 혈액을 채취하고 72시간에 희생시켰다. PMSG로 전처치한 미성숙 래트의 초기 난포기에 GnRH agonist의 투여는 GnRH agonist를 투여하지 않은 군(대조군)에 비해 과배란 억제, 형태학적 비정상 배란난자의 증가, 난소 중량의 감소, 난포폐쇄의 증가 및 혈중 스테로이드 호르몬의 농도 감소가 보였다. 한편 후기 난포기에 GnRH agonist의 투여는 대조군에서의 반응과 전반적으로 유사하였다. 이상의 결과, PMSG 및 hCG 처치로 과배란된 래트의 초기 난포기에 GnRH agonist의 투여는 난소기능을 전반적으로 억제하지만, 후기 난포기에 GnRH agonist의 투여는 난소기능에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2002

최근 난포에서 GnRH와 그 수용체의 발현이 확인되면서 GnRH가 국소적으로 난소의 기능을 조절하고,특 히 과립세포의 세포자연사(apoptosis)를 유도하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 황체에서 GnRH와 그 수용체의 발현과 기능에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 임신한 흰쥐의 황체세포에서 GnRH와 그 수용체가 발현되는지를 확인하고, 또한 GnRH가 황체세포의 세포자연사를 직접적으로 유발시킬 수 있는지를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 임신된 흰쥐로부터 황체세포를 획득하여 배양한 후 면역조직화학적 염색과 Western blot 방법으로 GnRH와 그 수용체의 발현을 확인한 결과 배양된 황체세포에서 GnRH와 그 수용체가 강하게 발현되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. GnRH가 배양된 황체세포의 세포자연사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, $10^{-6}$ GnRH-agonist(GnRH-Ag)를 처리한 후 3, 8, 12시간에 TUNEL 방법과 DNA 분절화 검증 방법으로 세포자연사를 조사하였다. TUNEL 결과 세포자연사를 보이는 황체세포는 처리 후 12 시간에 GnRH-Ag 처리군에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 DNA 분절화를 조사한 결과에서도 TUNEL 결과와 유사하게 GnRH-Ag처리 후 12 시간에 DNA 분절화가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이러한 세포자연사의 증가가 cytochrome c 방출과 연관이 있는지를 알아보고자 미토콘드리아로부터 방출된 cytochrome c를 Western blot 방법으로 정량한 결과, GnRH-Ag 처리 후 12 시간에 cytochrome c가 미토콘드리아로부터 세포질쪽으로 방출된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 임신된 흰쥐의 황체세포에서 GnRH와 그 수용체 단백질이 발현되며 GnRH-Ag가 GnRH 수용체에 결합함으로써 cytochrome c가 미토콘드리아로부터 방출되고, 이로 인해 황체세포가 세포자연사하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 국소적으로 분비되는 GnRH가 미토콘드리아로부터 cytochrome c의 방출을 유발시켜 황체세포의 세포자연사를 유도할 수 있다는 것을 제시하고 있다.