• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2015

Pregermination treatment of cocoa beans either with the testa, group PCB (+T), or without the testa, group PCB (-T), was studied here to determine whether this treatment (incubation up to 120 h at $25^{\circ}C$) has any effect on the levels of allergenic proteins or on chemical composition. Our proximate analysis included carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. We used western blotting to measure changes in the amounts of allergenic proteins in the cocoa beans during the pregermination treatment. The protein and carbohydrate content of both groups (with or without the testa) decreased slightly during this treatment, whereas lipid content increased. Group PCB (-T) showed more rapid metabolic processes than did group PCB (+T) during the pregermination treatment. Western blot analysis showed that the cocoa beans contained an allergenic protein of ~28 kDa. Removal of the testa strongly reduced the amount of this allergenic protein after 72 h of the pregermination treatment. Generally, the pregermination treatment increased antioxidant activity in both groups. Significant differences in the antioxidant activity were observed between groups PCB (-T) and PCB (+T). Particularly, group PCB (-T) showed high antioxidant activity at 72 h of the pregermination treatment. Thus, the combination of cocoa beans without the testa and pregermination treatment (72 h) seems to be the optimal method for production of hypoallergenic cocoa beans rich in antioxidants for patients with allergic disorders.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pathogenic hngi(Fusarium culmorurn, Fusarium oxyspomm fsp. lycopersici, Fusaiurn solani, Rhizoctonia solani), pregermination time(0, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 48 hrs.) and temperature($12^{\circ}C, 18^C{\circ}, $28^C{\circ}$) on growth of alfalfa seedling. The survival rate of alfalfa was decreased by pathogenic hngi and treatment of pregermination and survival rate of alfalfa resulted in higher than that of nontreatment of pregermination. Pathogenicity of fungi was increased as increased the temperature(P<0.05). The emergence rate of alfalfa was decreased when pathogenic fungi were inoculated. However, the emergence rate was increased when seeds were pregerminated(P<0.05)

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 1996

Acetolactate synthase(ALS) activity was determined in germinating seedlings of two rice cultivars treated with cinosulfuron [3-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1-[2-methoxyethoxy)-phenylsulfonyl]-urea]. IR 74(Indica type) was more tolerant than Hwajinbyeo(Japonica type) under various rates of cinosulfuron applied at the pregermination stage. In vitro response of ALS activity in the two rice cultivars was similar to $I_{50}$ values(cinosulfuron concentration required for 50% inhibition of ALS activity) of about 23ppb. In vivo, ALS activity of IR 74 increased as the seedlings grew, but that of Hwajinbyeo dropped at 5 days after 10ppm cinosulfuron treatment and shoot growth of Hwajinbyeo lagged at 4 to 5 days after herbicide treatment. ALS activity and shoot growth of Hwajinbyeo was resumed from cinosulfuron-induced inhibition at 6 days after cinosulfuron treatment. The differential response of ALS activity in two different rice cultivars against cinosulfuron may not be due to difference of ALS sensitivity, but rather due to different metabolic inactivation rates of cinosulfuron.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 1999

The direct seeding of seeds or the pellets of three native tree species (Pinus densiflora, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Rhus chinensis) was tried on the rock cut-slope revegetation bed established by construction of mechanical excavation or erosion break with artificially enriched soil medium. The seed $pellet(1{\sim}2\;cubic\;cm)$ made by coating seeds(treated with proper previous pregermination treatments) with the mixture of peatmoss, clay, chemical absorbant(3.5:1.0:0.2, v/v) showed about twice better percent germination than the control seeds. The percent germination and the survival rate of the germinated seedlings were higher in the spring direct seeding than the summer or the fall. The soil medium containing the compost showed extremely low percent $germination(0{\sim}3%)$ which presumably attributed to the compost inducing damping-off disease. The survival rates were affected mainly by shading of natural herbaceous vegetation invading from outside to the revegetation bed. The planting of two year old container seedlings of P. densiflora and P. tricuspidata on August 2, 1998 was successful indicating that it could be an alternative revegetation method in case the summer direct seeding is unfavorable.