• Title/Summary/Keyword: preferred density

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A Comparative Research on Korean and American Consumers Preference on Selected Korean and American Textiles for Womens Formal Wear (한국과 미국의 여성 정장용 소재에 대한 한.미 소비자 선호도 비교연구)

  • Ahn, Cheun-soon;Lee, Seung-Hee;Yang, Yoon;Lim, Sook-Ja;Lennon, Sharron J.;Parker, Sue M.
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.217-227
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this research was to investigate the difference in fabric preference of formal wear attire between the Korean and American female consumers. For such purpose, fabrics which were used in the womens formal wear market of Korean(n=25) and U.S.A.(n=25) in the 1999 spring/summer season were collected from different fabric converters of the two countries. The respondents were comprised of 50 Korean and 50 U.S.A. female volunteers in the age group of 20s and 40s. A 5 point Likert Scale was used to evaluate the degree of the \"like\" preference of fabrics. T-test and Spearmans rho statistics were conducted for data analysis. The followings are the results. 1. Korean 20s and American 20s preferred Korean fabrics but Korean 40s and American 40s preferred U.S.A. fabrics. 2. Generally, the 20s preferred greyish or tone down color, whereas the 40s preferred both greyish and colorful fabrics. 3. Koreans preferred melange colored fabrics as well as solid color fabrics. 4. Americans liked knit fabrics as well as woven fabrics for formal wear and 20s liked compact density fabrics compared to the 40s age group.age group.

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The Effect of Different Level of Mungbean Starch on the Quality of Omija-Pyun (녹두 전분의 첨가 농도가 오미자편의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Choon-Ja;Cho, Hoo-Jong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.53-59
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to standardize the cooking methods of Omija-Pyuns and to investigate the effect of different starch densities (6% 7%, 8%, 9%) on the texture and taste of Omija-Pyuns. The results of these studies were as follows: 1) It was better for Omija to soak for 18 hours. The most favorite Mungbean starch density of 7% of Omija-Pyuns has the degree of lightness of 18.90, the degree of redness of 19.18, and the degree of yellowness of 3.98. 2) The Brix of syrup used for Omija-Pyuns was 49.4%. 3) As a result of the measurement of texture through Instron, if Mungbean starch density is increased, its hardness also increase. Each of the Omija-Pyuns (6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, in density) has showed its effection (p<0.05). 4) The result of the sensory evaluation showed that the Omija-Pyuns produced with Mungbean starch density of 7% was most preferred in appearance and overall taste, but it did not show the statistical effection (p<0.05) from the Omija-Pyuns produced with Mungbean starch density of 8%. The flavour was highest in Omija-Pyuns of 6%, and as the density was increased, the flavour decreased.

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Design of Induction Motor for Electric Vehicles using Optimization Technique (최적설계기법을 이용한 전기자동차용 유도전동기 설계)

  • Kim, Y.K.;Lim, K.M.;Yeom, K.N.;Bae, S.H.;Yoo, Y.S.;Yoo, W.H.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1996.07a
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    • pp.6-8
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    • 1996
  • Induction Motors are preferred because of their ability to achieve higher power density, efficiency and reliability than permanent DC Motors for Electric Vehicle Drives. This paper describes induction motor design procedure to achieve high power density for EV using nonlinear optimization technique. Objective functions are considered to improve power density and a set of eight design variables is identified. As a numerical example, an induction motor of 15kW, 3 phase and 4 pole is designed.

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Composition and Microstructure of Sn-Ni alloys Electrodeposits according to the Electrodeposits conditions (전해조건에 따른 Sn-Ni 합금도금층의 조성 및 조직 특성)

  • 예길촌;문근호;채영욱
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.202-212
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    • 1997
  • The composition and the microstructure of the Sn-Ni alloy electrodeposited in pyrophosphate bath were investigated according to the electrolysis conditions. The cathode current efficiency increased with the addition of $NH_4CI$ and glycine, while it decreased with the increase of current density. The Sn content of the alloy deposits increased with the increase of $NH_4CI$ in the bath. The alloys with 51~71wt.% Sn had the NiSn single phase structure. The preferred orientation of the single phase alloys changed from (110) to (110)+(101) with the increase of current density and cathode overpotential. The single phase alloys with 50~60wt.%Sn had the smooth surface structure with fine crystallite, while the multiphase alloys showed the surface structure with crystal size and cracks at high curret density.

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The effect of electrolyte flow on the microstructure of zinc electrodeposits (亞鉛電着層의 현미경조직에 미치는 電解液흐름의 影響)

  • Ye, Gil-Jae;Kim, Yong-Ung;An, Deok-Su
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.164-183
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    • 1985
  • The microstructure of the zinc electrodeposits was investigated by changing the flow rate of electrolyte in zinc sulfate Bath. The cathode current efficiency increased with increasing flow rate of electrolyte. The preferred orientation of zinc electrodeposit changed from (11.2) texture to (10.3) or (10.1)+(10.2) texture with increasing current density in the range of flow rate, 0.2-1.2m/sec. The morphology of the deposits changed from the sponge deposit to the blocks of hexagonal crystallites packed together through the structures of find polycrystallite with increasing current density. The microstructure of the cross-section of the above deposits are granular structure and columnar structure respectively. The surface roughness of zinc electrodeposits decreased with increasing current density and flow rate of electrolyte.

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Effect of Trace Metallic Additives of Mg-Fe-X on Microstructure and Properties of Zn Electrodeposits (아연도금층의 조직 및 물성에 미치는 미량금속원소(Mg-Fe-X)의 복합첨가의 영향(II))

  • 예길촌;김대영;안덕수
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.99-109
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    • 2004
  • The effect of trace metallic additives on microstructure, glossiness and hardness of Zinc electrodeposits was investigated by using sulfate bath and flow cell system. The preferred orientation of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe additives was (10$\ell$)+(002) mixed texture, while that of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-Cr additives was ( $10\ell$). The preferred orientation of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-X(X:Ni,Co) additives changed from ($10\ell$)+(002) to ($10\ell$) with increasing Mg additive from 5 to 10 g/$\ell$. The surface morphology of the Zinc deposits was closely related to the preferred orientation of the deposits. The glossiness of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe additives was similar to that of pure Zn deposit. The glossiness of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-X(X:Ni,Cr) additives was lower than that of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe additives, while that of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-Co additives was higher than that of Zn-Mg-Fe deposits. The hardness of Zn deposits with Mg-Fe-X(Ni,Co,Cr) increased with current density and amount of Mg additive. Hardness of Zn deposits was decreased and increased in comparison with Zn-Mg-Fe deposits for Mg-Fe-Co and Mg-Fe-Cr additives, respectively.

Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Mn-Zn Ferrite Thin Films Deposited by Ion Beam Sputtering (이온빔 스퍼터링에 의해 증착된 Mn-Zn 페라이트 박막의 자기 및 전기적 특성)

  • 조해석;하상기;이대형;주한용;김형준;김경용;제해준;유병두
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.313-320
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    • 1995
  • We investigated the preferred orientation, electrical and magnetic properties of the Mn-Zn ferrite thin films deposited on SiO2/Si(100) by ion beam sputtering. The Cu-added Mn-Zn ferrite thin films had a preferred orientation of (111) with a weak orientation, (311). While the Zn-added one had a strong (111) preferred orientation. The saturation magnetization of the Cu- or Zn-doped Mn-Zn ferrite films increased with increasing substrate temperature (Ts) due to the increase of grain size and the enhancement of crystallinity. For the same reason the coercivity of Cu- or Zn-doped Mn-Zn ferrite films deposited at low Ts increased with increasing Ts, but those of the films deposited at high Ts slightly decreased not only because the defect density of the films decreases but because more grains have multi-domains with increasing Ts. The resistivity of Cu- or Zn-added Mn-Zn ferrite thin fims measured by complex impedance method decreased with increasing Ts due to the ehhancement of crystallinity as well as due to the increase of grain size.

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Preparation of AIN piezoelectric thin film for filters (필터용 AIN 압전 박막의 제작)

  • Keum Min-Jong;Kim Yeong-Cheol;Seo Hwa-Il;Kim Kyung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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    • v.5 no.1 s.14
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    • pp.13-16
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    • 2006
  • AIN thin films were prepared on amorphous glass and $SiO_2(1{\mu}m)/Si(100)$ substrate by the facing targets sputtering (FTS) apparatus, which can provide high density plasma, a high deposition rate at a low working gas pressure. The AIN thin films were deposited at a different nitrogen gas flow rate ($1.0{\sim}0.3$) and other sputtering parameters were fixed such as sputtering power of 200w, working pressures of 1mTorr and AIN thin film thickness of 800 nm, respectively. The thickness and crystallographic characteristics of AIN thin films as a function of $N_2$ gas flow rate $[N_2/(N_2+Ar)]$ were measured by $\alpha$-step and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument. And the c-axis preferred orientations were evaluated by rocking curve. In the results, we could prepared the AIN thin film with c-axis preferred orientation of about $5^{\circ}$ on substrate temperature R.T. at nitrogen gas flow rate 0.7.

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Application of Inverse Pole Figure to Rietveld Refinement: III. Rietveld Refinement of $SnO_2$ Thin Film using X-ray Diffraction Data

  • Kim, Yong-Il;Jung, Maeng-Joon;Kim, Kwang-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.354-358
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    • 2000
  • The SnO$_2$film was deposited on a corning glass 1737 substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a gas mixture of SnCl$_4$, $O_2$, and Ar. The film thickness was measured using $\alpha$-step and was about 9400$\AA$. The conventional X-ray diffractometry and pole figure attachment were used to refine the crystal structure of SnO$_2$ thin film. Six pole figures, (200), (211), (310), (301), (321), and (411), were measured with CoK$_\alpha$ radiation in reflection geometry. The X-ray diffraction data were measured at room temperature using CuK$_\alpha$ radiation with graphite monochromator. The agreement between calculated and observed patterns for the normal direction of SnO$_2$ thin film was not satisfactory due to the severely preferred orientation effect. The Rietveld refinement of heavily textured SnO$_2$ thin film was successfully achieved by adopting the pole density distribution of each reflection obtained from the inverse pole figure as a correction factor for the preferred orientation effect. The R-weighted pattern, R$_wp$, was 15.30%.

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The Study on the Hand of Bast Blended Fabrics -The development of subjective evaluation method and fabrics' preference- (마직물의 태에 관한 연구;주관적 평가척도개발과 선호도를 중심으로)

  • 박성혜;유효선
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.23 no.8
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    • pp.1194-1205
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    • 1999
  • The hand characteristics of bast blended fabrics are studied by a subective evaluation method. To offer basic data for development of better hand of bast fiber fabrics customer's hand preference surveys are executed as well. IN this study 51 varieties of linen or ramie blended fabrics of various blending ratio density and thickness and Hansan ramie Chinese ramie and a Shingosen fabics of various blending ratio density and thickness and Hansan ramie Chinese ramie and a Shingosen farbic and used. To evaluate the hand of the fabrics subjectively nine ranks' semantic differential scale questions of 26 items are developed with adjective pairs. A seven ranks' scale is also developed to evaluate hand preferences in blouse and jacket cloths, Through subjective evaluation of bast blended fabrics the 26 items could be classified into seven kinds of hand classification : surface characteristics extensibility/drapability felling of heaviness stiffness resilience moisture property and feeling of density. The cumulative variance value explained by these seven factors is 67.18% According to the results of fabrics' preference by age groups no significant differences are found in blouse cloths but a few significant differences are found among different age groups in jacket clothes. However experts and non-experts show considerable differences on preference It can be concluded that fabrics' preference I more dependent on professionality than on age. In the survey experts. However more drapery cloths are preferred by experts and cloths with drier touch are preferred by non-experts. Experts prefer rougher less even less winding heavier and sparser fabrics but non-experts prefer rougher lighter thinner and stiffer fabrics as jacket cloths.

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