• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2001

An impact-type seed-metering device was developed for the planting of rice-pellets. In this study, new design of pellet-metering device focused on simplicity and precision seeding for the planting of rice-seed pellets. In addition of seed-metering device, several devices were also developed such as seed-guiding device, seed-supplying tube and furrow opener for precision pellet planting. Field test was conducted to estimate the planting performance of the developed metering device. As a cam rotates, the impact bar of the metering device pushes a rice-seed pellet so that the seed can be discharged from the seed-supplying tube in the impact-type seed-metering device. Results of the tests showed that mean seeding spacing was 12cm at the traveling speed of 1.0m/s, corresponding to a target spacing for planting of rice-seed pellets. Also, both miss-seeded rate and damaged-seed rate were less than 2.0%, indicating acceptable levels for the precision planting. The developed mechanism of the impact-type metering device can be directly applied to the design of metering devices for the precision pellet planting of other crops.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.761-767
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• 1993

A precision planting system using computer controlled technology for mulching cultivation was developed and tested . The system consisting of a micro-computer, several optical fiber sensors and control actuators realized the mechanization of the precision planting operation. The film hole positions, existences of a seed on shutter were detected and the planting speed was measured. The shutter opening mechanism and a seed metering device driven by a stepping motor were controlled, automatically . The planting timing of the shutter opening mechanism were analyzed from a video camera motion analysis, theoretically. The results showed a sufficient accuracy of a seed planted into the center a film hole with a variety of planting speeded. The gravity point positions in film hole of seeds planted by the system just were within the area of +-5mm of the hole center when the hole diameter was 40mm.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2005

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. As current seeders for direct seeding of rice seeds drill irregular amount of seeds under various operating conditions, conventional drilling should be turned to precision planting which enables accurate placement of proper amount of rice seeds at equal intervals within rows. In this study, design, construction and performance evaluation of a precision seed metering device for planting of rice seeds were carried out. As prototype, the conventional roller type seed metering device was modified for planting: increasing diameter of metering roller, setting 2 or 4 seed cells on metering roller, adding seed discharging lid and its driving cam mechanism. Through performance tests for prototype and the current seed metering device, number of seeds in a hill, planting space and its error ratio, coefficient of variation of planting space (planting accuracy), and seeding length of $90\%$ of seeds in a hill divided by planting space (planting precision) at setting planting spaces of 15, and 20cm, seeding heights of 10, and 20cm, and seeding speeds of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5m/s were investigated. Prototype showed better seed planting performance than the current seed metering devices. When setting planting space of 15 cm and seeding height of 10cm, prototype with 2 seed cells showed that variations of planting space and seeding lengths of $90\%$ of seeds in a hill at up to seeding speed of 0.5m/s were within 0.9cm, and 3.6cm, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

In order to save labor and cost, direct seeding has been considered as an important alternative to the machine transplanting in rice cultivation. Current direct seeding machines for rice in Korea drill irregularly under various operating conditions. This study was conducted to develope a precision seeder which enables the accurate, even-spaced in row placement of rice seeds at uniform depths of 3-4 cm on dry paddy. Design, construction and performance evaluation of the precision seeder were carried out. The tractor rear-mounted type 8-rows precision seeder which performs seeding in addition to fertilizing, ditching, and rotary tilling works on dry paddy was developed. Main components of the seeder were ditcher and leveller, rotary tiller, powered roller type furrow opener, seeding device, powered roller type furrow covering and firming device, hydraulic unit, seeding speed control system, power transmission system, hitch and frame. Ditching, furrow opening, and seed covering and firming performances were good and seeding depths of 2-4 cm could be maintained. Planting accuracies and planting precisions were within 13.6%, and 31.2%, respectively, for planting space of 15 cm, and seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s. These mean variations of average planting space were within 2.1 cm, and 90% of seeds in a hill were seeded within 4.7 cm of hill length, respectively. Error ratios between setting planting space and measured average planting space were shown within 6.7%. Therefore the seeder showed good planting performance up to seeding velocity of 0.5 m/s in field tests. And field capacity of the seeder was about 0.28 ha/hour.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.251-258
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• 1998

The purposes of this study was to investigate accuracy and indigenity of landscape plant species in planting design and construction at housing complex and offer basic data for improving precision of planting construction. The scientific name of landscape plant species was described in planting drawings at only two sites among twelve survey sites. According to analysis on indigenity of plant species in planting drawings, it was found that the component ratio of foreign species was the highest and the component ratio of native species at public housing complex was the lowest. The component ratio of landscape plant species in planting construction was severely differed to that of planting drawings. Also the component ratio of cultivar was higher than that of planting drawings due to planting of sevveral cultivars for one species in planting drawings. In the result of accuracy analysis on landscape plant species in planting construction, it was found that mean ratio of inacccurate species was 33.2% at public housing complex, 29.6% at local company housing complex and 26.4% at nationwide company housing complex. It was found that several cultivars were planted for one species in planting drawings. The representative species which were planted by several cultivars were Camellia japonica, Rododendron spp., Prunus spp. and Magnolia spp. and so on. In order to promote the precision and speciality of planting design and construction, scientific and cultivar name of plants should be described in planting drawings.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.401-410
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• 1997

Scattering of seeds is one of the problems in the hill- dropping planters with a roller-type metering device. For crops like rice, corns and beans, the hill-dropping is own better for a high yield than the drill planting. The roller type metering device has been used for the drill planters and has many advantages. However, it has a problem of scattering of seeds when they are placed on rows. In this study a method was developed to design the roller type metering device fir the precision hill-droppings. Design parameters were derived to configure completely the geometries of the roller and brush. The method was applied to the design of the metering device of the rice seeding machines. The field test showed that the metering device designed by the method made a better performance of seed placement than that made by the precvious one. The method also can be applied to the design of metering devices for the precise hill-droppings of other crops.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.428-432
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• 2003

펠렛종자를 점파용 파종기로 이용하여 기계화 정밀파종 함으로써 나종자를 손 작업에 의존하여 파종하는 것보다 파종시간과 솎음시간을 각각 225시간 및 460시간 절감할 수 있었고, 종자량도 72% 절감 할 수 있었다. 인력에 의한 손 파종은 파종과 솎음작업에 1 ha당 720시간이 소요되었으나, 펠렛종자를 이용한 기계화 파종은 35시간에 불과하였다. 따라서 펠렛종자를 기계화 파종함으로써 나종자를 인력에 의존하여 파종하는 관행방법에 비해 파종과 솎음작업의 생력효과를 95% 이상 높일 수 있었다. 펠렛종자의 묘출현율은 무처리 종자보다 출현율이 8% 정도 낮았고 출현속도도 약 1.9일 정도 지연되었으나 35일 경과된 유묘의 초기생육에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 유묘출현 반응은 품종에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나, 펠렛종자는 나종자나 SMP 처리종자에 비해 출현율이 저하되었고 출현속도도 늦었다. 그러나 SMP 처리하여 종자활력을 증진시킨 후 펠렛하면 출현율도 향상되었고, 묘출현속도도 1일 정도 빨랐다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.138-153
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• 2018

본 연구는 조선 후기에 제작된 <동궐도(東闕圖)>의 분석을 통해 창덕궁 돈화문 지역의 식생 경관을 입체적으로 규명하고자 하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, <동궐도>에 묘사된 수목은 17세기에 중국으로부터 유입된 수목 표현 입문서인 "개자원화전(芥子園畵傳)"을 토대로 유형의 구분이 가능하였다. 분류 결과에 따라 <동궐도>의 돈화문 지역에 표현된 수목은 10종 50주로 확인되었다. 둘째, <동궐도>의 입면 제작 축척을 이용하여 그림에 묘사된 수목의 실제 크기를 산정할 수 있었다. 산출된 수목의 수고는 최소 4.37m에서 최대 22.37m로 다양하게 나타났다. <동궐도> 제작 이전부터 창덕궁에 생육하고 있는 것으로 확인된 노거수와의 비교를 통해 그림에 묘사된 수목들이 과도하지 않게 현실감 있는 크기로 제작된 것이 확인되었다. 셋째, <동궐도>의 러버쉬팅변환(Rubber Sheeting Transformation)을 통해 현재 수치지형도에 <동궐도>의 식재 평면도 제작이 가능하였다. 특히, 변환 지역의 세분화와 통제점 추가를 통해 제작된 평면도의 정밀도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 작성된 <동궐도>의 식재 평면도를 통해서 수목의 위치와 밀도의 변화를 파악할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 <동궐도>에서 취득된 수목의 형상 정보와 식재 평면도를 이용하여 3차원 식생 모델의 제작이 가능하였다. 3차원 모델은 실제 사람의 눈높이에서 조망축, 스카이라인, 주변으로의 개방과 차폐 정도 등 현황과의 입체적 경관 비교를 가능하게 함으로써 당시의 조망 특성을 검토하는데 유용하였다. 본 연구는 기존에 논의되어 온 <동궐도>의 사실적 표현을 입증하고 이에 근거하여 기록화에 묘사된 동궐의 식생 경관의 원형을 규명하기 위한 가능성을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1397-1399
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• 2003

When and Where, What kind of agricultural products will be produced and provided for the market? It is a commercial requirement, and also an academic questions to remote sensing technology. Crop physiology analysis and growth monitoring are important elements for precision agriculture management. Remote sensing technology supplies us more selections and available spaces in this dynamic change study by producing images of different spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions. Especially, the hyperspectral remote sensing should do play a key role in crop growth investigation at national, regional and global scales. In the past five years, Chinese academy of sciences and Japan NTT-DATA have made great efforts to establish a prototype information service system to dynamically survey the vegetable planting situation in Nagano area of Japan mainly based on remote sensing data. For such concern, a flexible and light-duty flight system and some practical data processing system and some necessary background information should be rationally made together. In addition, some studies are also important, such as quick pre-processing for hyperspectral data, Multi-temporal vegetation index analysis, hyperspectral image classification in support of GIS data, etc. In this paper, several spectral data analysis models and a designed airborne platform are provided and discussed here.