• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4_spc
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• pp.719-729
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• 2024

Global pig production has increased by 140% since the 1960s. The increase in global population, coupled with improving socioeconomic conditions of many countries has led to an increased consumption of meat globally, including pork. To keep up with demand and capitalize on economic opportunities, the countries of China, the United States (US), and the European Union (EU) have become the top 3 pork producers globally. China is of particular interest, as it is the both the largest country in pork production and pig numbers, as well as being the largest importer of pork from other countries. Globally, the efficiency of pork production has improved, in relation to the integration of pig production and the dramatic increase in research efforts in pig nutrition and production. Through integration, large producers can consolidate resources and maximize profits and efficiency. The increased research interest and efforts in pig production have given scientists and producers the opportunity to collaborate to adapt to challenges and identify possible solutions to issues brought on by a volatile global market. Intestinal health (23%), general nutrition and growth (23%), and amino acid nutrition (15%) were the top 3 areas (61%) leading research trends in pig nutrition and production. Major dietary interventions with feed additives evaluated include functional amino acids, feed enzymes, pre-/pro-/post-biotics, and phytobiotics with a common goal to improve the growth efficiency by enhancing nutrient utilization and intestinal health. With increasing global issues with environment, pig producers and the supporting scientists should continue their efforts to improve the production efficiency and to reduce the environmental footprint from pig production.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2004

Purpose: To compare the difference of state anxiety, perceived support, and childbirth experience perception, between the primiparous's husband who participated in actual labor and delivery process with her wife after finishing Lamaze childbirth class education and the husband who did not finished Lamaze childbirth class, for providing the basic data for effective nursing intervention and pre-childbirth educational program development for husbands. Method: At one general hospital located in Kyunggi-do and one clinic in Seoul, from April 6th to May 12th, 2003, the subjects were 146 including 67 primipara's husbands who participated in the 5-week Lamaze educational program and 79 primipara's husbands who didn't, using structuralized questionnaire. Analysis: Mean, frequency, percentage, 2-test, and t-test were used by SPSS 10.0 program. Result: The sub-hypothesis 1, 'there are significant differences between anxiety of the group who participated in Lamaze and who didn't' was not accepted(t=-1.043, p=.299). The sub-hypothesis 2, 'there are significant differences between anxiety by cervical dilatation the group who participated in Lamaze program and who didn't' was not accepted(t=-1.123, P=.263, t=-.356, P=.722, t=-1.879, P=.062). The hypothesis 3, 'there are significant differences between perceived support of the group who participated in Lamaze program and who didn't' was accepted(t=4.860, P=.000). Especially, the obstetrical support of the group who participated in Lamaze program, which could reduce delivering pain, was higher. The hypothesis 4, 'there are significant differences between the perception of childbirth-labor experience of the group who participated in Lamaze program and who didn't' was accepted(t=2.816, P=.006). Conclusion: The Lamaze program was a effective nursing intervention for husband's affirmative perception of childbirth-labor experience as well as husband's role as active supporters during labor process. The change of present woman-centered pre-childbirth education into both partner-centered education stressing on husband's needs, viewpoint and role as a supporter should be considered. Therefore, hospital administrators should pay more attention on enhancing the opportunities of husband for pre-birth education and participating in the process of labor as a family-centered nursing intervention.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2006

The aim of this paper is to explore and understand, using in-depth interviews, the participant's enthusiasm for and involvement in studying mathematics and the deeper nature of his/her interest in mathematics teaching. In addition a larger aim is to understand how the individual's interest in mathematics and teaching are linked to his/her larger personal fulfillment. We conducted in-depth interviews with 4 pre-service teachers' subjective experiences focusing on deep motivation, pedagogical content knowledge, inner vision. Interviews focus much more on the participant's spontaneous feeling, consciousness, and state as these arise in the interview, and on past foiling, consciousness and state as they appear to the participant subjectively retrospectively in his/her memory. The output of this research consists of 2 portraits out of 4 individual participants, highlighting and conceptually developing the specific aspects under study; different ways in which individuals' involvement with the subject area affects their motivation, inner visions and academic efforts toward becoming teachers. Larger aspects of pre-service teachers' subjective experiences were sketched by contrasting the two cases. Several suggestions were put at the end to enhance mathematics education concerning curriculum development.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2001

Background : Nervous system dysfunction is a major complication of end stage renal disease. Although severe neurologic symptoms are partially or completely reversed by adequate hemodialysis, even optimally dialyzed patients will usually not return to normal neurocognitive function. To investigate the influence of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on higher cognitive function electrophysiologically, we studied auditory P300 event-related potentials in 14 hemodialysis patients and 14 age- and sex-matched normal healthy controls. Methods : The subjects consisted of 14 patients(M: 6, F: 8) with chronic renal failure(CRF) for 1 to 10 years and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls(M: 5, F: 9). For the reliability of study, patients with diabetes mellitus, abnormal brain CT findings, or low mini-mental state score(below 20) were excluded. Event related potentials(ERPs) for hemodialysis patients were performed at pre- and post-hemodialysis. To obtain ERPs, subjects underwent 2-tone auditory discrimination test(oddball paradigm). Results : Although the age(control: $48.79{\pm}10.31years$, CRF: $51.21{\pm}7.61years$) and mini-mental state score(control: $27.00{\pm}1.71points$, predialysis CRF: $25.07{\pm}3.58points$) were not different in normal control and CRF groups significantly(P>0.05), P300 latencies at Cz(control: $288.11{\pm}17.36msec$, predialysis CRF: $332.35{\pm}42.34msec$) were significantly delayed(P<0.05)and the duration of Trail making test A was significantly prolonged(control: $64.2{\pm}24.2sec$, CRF: $118.9{\pm}101sec$) in CRF group. P300 latencies between pre- and post-hemodialysis CRF patients(predialysis CRF: $332.35{\pm}42.34msec$, postdialysis CRF: $325.82{\pm}38.69msec$) were not significantly different. The P300 latency was not related with the duration of CRF(Spearman's correlation test, r=0.25, P>0.05) and the frequency of hemodialysis(Spearman's correlation test, r=0.28, P>0.05). Conclusions : From these results, we suggest that P300 latency is valuable in evaluating cognitive brain dysfunction in patients with CRF and hemodialysis does not have a significant effect on cognitive brain dysfunction in patients with CRF.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.306-313
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• 2017

Named entity recognition (NER) seeks to locate and classify named entities in text into pre-defined categories such as names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of times, etc. Recently, many state-of-the-art NER systems have been implemented with bidirectional LSTM CRFs. Deep learning models based on long short-term memory (LSTM) generally depend on word representations as input. In this paper, we propose an approach to expand word representation by using pre-trained word embedding, part of speech (POS) tag embedding, syllable embedding and named entity dictionary feature vectors. Our experiments show that the proposed approach creates useful word representations as an input of bidirectional LSTM CRFs. Our final presentation shows its efficacy to be 8.05%p higher than baseline NERs with only the pre-trained word embedding vector.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.26-34
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of group therapeutic exercise programs on the cognitive function, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and balance-performing ability in older adults. Fifteen community-dwelling subjects (mean age 73.7 yrs, standard deviation 2.4) participated in this study. An 8-week group therapeutic exercise program, including strengthening and balance training, breathing and gait exercise, and recreation, consisted of activities related to daily living. The Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean (MMSE-K), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reaching Test (FRT), and Timed Up & Go (TUG) test were measured during pre-exercise and post-exercise points. The results of this study were as follows: 1. After eight weeks, the MMSE-K and MBI total score was more significantly increased for post-exercise tests than pre-exercise tests (respectively, p<.05, p<.01). 2. Of the MBI contents, personal hygiene, dressing, ambulation, and chair/bed transfers scores were significant increased for post-exercise tests. 3. Post exercise BBS, FRT, and TUG scores were higher than the pre-exercise scores. The difference was statistically significant (respectively, p<.05, p<.05, p<.01). These findings suggest that group therapeutic exercise can be used to improve the cognitive function, ADL, and balance-performing ability in elderly persons.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.497-501
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• 2016

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between pre-operative CA-125 levels and myometrial invasion in patients with early-stage endometrioid-type endometrial cancer. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred and sixty patients were diagnosed with endometrial cancer between January 2007 and December 2012. Of these, 136 patients with stage 1 endometrioid histologic-type and documented pre-operative serum CA-125 levels were included in the study. Age, preoperative CA-125 level, histologic grade, surgical grade, and presence of deep myometrial invasion were recorded. Additionally, 16, 20, and 35 IU/ml cutoff values were used and compared to evaluate the relationship between pre-operative CA-125 levels and myometrial invasion. Results: The average serum CA-125 level was $35.4{\pm}36.7$ in patients with deep myometrial invasion, and $21.5{\pm}35.8$ in cases without deep myometrial invasion. The relationship between the presence of deep myometrial invasion and CA-125 cut-off values (16, 20, 35 IU/ml) was statistically significant, although the correlation was weak (p<0.05). When the relationship between 16, 20 and 35 IU/ml CA-125 cut-off values and the presence of deep myometrial invasion was studied, specifity and sensitivity values were identified as: 0.60-0.68 for 16 IU/ml; 0.73-0.48 for 20 IU/ml; and 0.89-0.33 for 35 IU/ml. The sensitivity of 16 IU/ml cut-off value was higher when compared to other values. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that preoperative serum CA-125 values maybe used as a predictive test in patients with early stage endometrioid-type endometrium cancer, and as a prognostic factor alone. Further studies should be conducted to identify different CA-125 cut-off values in patients with low risk endometrial cancer.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.223-238
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• 1991

This study was carried out in order to findout the amount of tooth movement, the changes arch size and the changes in arch morphology following orthodontic treatment and to provide a guideline for to predict post-treatment arch morphology. The sample group for this study consists of 15 males and 22 females, totalling in 37 persons, who received orthodontic treatment at Orthodontic Department of Dankook Univ. Dental Hospital. They are classified into Extraction Class I treatment group (E I), Non-extraction Class I treatment group (N I), and Non-extraction Class III treatment group (N III), according to their pre-treatment malocclusion state and methods of treatment. Following conclusions and averaged dental arch form for each group were obtained by cephalometric linear measurements and dental arch measurements using pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms and plaster study models. 1. Intercanine width were reduced in max. of both EI and NI during the period of treatment, 2. Intermolar width were reduced in max. of EI and increased in max. of NI. Therefore although there was no difference between these two groups before the treatment, intermolar width of the max, of NI was wider than that of E1 after the treatment. 3. PMV-incisor distance and PMV-canine distance were decreased in both max. and mand. of EI and that of NI, during the period of treatment. PMV-molar distance was decreased in both max. and mand. of NI and in mand. of NIII. 4. Items that showed stability during the treatment were: max. & mand. PMV-molar distance, mand. intercanine and intermolar width in EI; mand. intercanine and intermolar width in NI; mand. & max. PMV-incisor distance, PMV-canine distance, max. PMV-molar distance and max. & mand. intercanine and intermolar width in NIII. 5. The differences in averaged canine and molar variances to post-treatment dental arch form were present only in EI and in NI. There was no variance between maxilla and mandible in each group.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.272-284
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• 1994

The aim of this research was to compare and analyze the children's ideas on evaporation and condensation between pre- and post-intervention. Forty-eight children from six elementary schools in Seoul and Kyung Ki provinces were sampled by stratified random sampling. A set of structured activities was then provided which allow children to explore evaporation and condensation phenomena. All of these activities had a preliminary phase which required the child to predict or speculate on evaporation and condensation using their existing knowledge. These structured activities on evaporation and condensation were reviewed by three professors and eigth primary school teachers. Their comments were used to revise the original contents of the structured activities. The data analysed were gathered by the questionaire and the interview. Pre- and post-intervention data related to evaporation and condensation were collected by the same teacher, and analysed into the same category scheme. Data coding was carried out several times by the researcher to ensure reliablity. Data collected were then classified and analyzed according to the types of children's ideas. The findings of this study were as follows: Results of this study showed that the the vocabulary used to describe the evaporation phenomena varied according to the context, and the scientific term "evaporated" was more frequently used by the older children after post-intervention. But everyday terms such as"dried up","disappered", "gone up" were also used by children as much as the level of pre-intervention. Scientific conception on the location of evaporated water, the factor of evaporation, the ideas about getting the water back and assumption about the physical state of the missing water has been increased for the most of the children after intervention. It was found that the intervention using was effective SPACE strategies regardless of the grade level of the children.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.394-407
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• 2011

Better understanding of the complex factors leading to human diseases will be necessary for both long term prevention and for managing short and long-term health problems. The underlying causes, leading to a global health crisis in both acute and chronic diseases, include finite global health care resources for sustained healthy human survival, the population explosion, increased environmental pollution, decreased clean air, water, food distribution, diminishing opportunities for human self-esteem, increased median life span, and the interconnection of infectious and chronic diseases. The transition of our pre-human nutritional requirements for survival to our current culturally-shaped diet has created a biologically-mismatched human dietary experience. While individual genetic, gender, and developmental stage factors contribute to human diseases, various environmental and culturally-determined factors are now contributing to both acute and chronic diseases. The transition from the hunter-gatherer to an agricultural-dependent human being has brought about a global crisis in human health. Initially, early humans ate seasonally-dependent and calorically-restricted foods, during the day, in a "feast or famine" manner. Today, modern humans eat diets of caloric abundance, at all times of the day, with foods of all seasons and from all parts of the world, that have been processed and which have been contaminated by all kinds of factors. No longer can one view, as distinct, infectious agent-related human acute diseases from chronic diseases. Moreover, while dietary and environmental chemicals could, in principle, cause disease pathogenesis by mutagenic and cytotoxic mechanisms, the primary cause is via "epigenetic", or altered gene expression, modifications in the three types of cells (e.g., adult stem; progenitor and terminally-differentiated cells of each organ) during all stages of human development. Even more significantly, alteration in the quantity of adult stem cells during early development by epigenetic chemicals could either increase or decrease the risk to various stem cell-based diseases, such as cancer, later in life. A new concept, the Barker hypothesis, has emerged that indicates pre-natal maternal dietary exposures can now affect diseases later in life. Examples from the studies of the atomic bomb survivors should illustrate this insight.