• Title/Summary/Keyword: pre-state

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Wide-line NMR and DSC studies on intrinsically disordered p53 transactivation domain and its helically pre-structured segment

  • Tompa, Peter;Han, Kyou-Hoon;Bokor, Monika;Kamasa, Pawel;Tantos, Agnes;Fritz, Beata;Kim, Do-Hyoung;Lee, Chewook;Verebelyi, Tamas;Tompa, Kalman
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.49 no.9
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    • pp.497-501
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    • 2016
  • Wide-line 1H NMR intensity and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were carried out on the intrinsically disordered 73-residue full transactivation domain (TAD) of the p53 tumor suppressor protein and two peptides: one a wild type p53 TAD peptide with a helix pre-structuring property, and a mutant peptide with a disabled helix-forming propensity. Measurements were carried out in order to characterize their water and ion binding characteristics. By quantifying the number of hydrate water molecules, we provide a microscopic description for the interactions of water with a wild-type p53 TAD and two p53 TAD peptides. The results provide direct evidence that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and a less structured peptide not only have a higher hydration capacity than globular proteins, but are also able to bind a larger amount of charged solute ions.

Psychophysiologic States of Insomnia Patients -Pre-Sleep Arousal, Self Efficacy, Sleep Hygiene Awareness and Practice, Depression, and Anxiety- (불면증 환자의 정신생리 상태 -수면 직전 각성 정도, 자기 효율 정도, 수면 위생, 불안과 우울 정도-)

  • Oh, Kang-Seob;Lee, So-Hee;Lee, Si-Hyung
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 1995
  • Objectives : Insomnia is significantly influenced by the pre-sleep arousal, self efficacy, sleep hygiene, depression and anxiety. The authors tried to explore how these factors are related with the clinical features of sleep. Methods : Fifty three patients diagnosed as insomnia by DSM-IV criteria were studied. They filled up the pre-sleep arousal scale(PSAS), sleep efficacy scale(SES), sleep hygiene awareness and practice scale, BDI, and state and trait anxiety scales. Results: 1) The mean values of sleep-related variables were as follows : Sleep latency,136.89 minutes ; frequences of awakening during a night, 2.28 ; minutes to get back to sleep, 42.70 ; total sleep time, 180.19 minutes ; duration of illness, 72.00 months. 2) The mean scores of scales were as follows : PSAS(cognitive), 22.40 ; PSAS(somatic), 17.32 ; SES, 20.16 ; sleep hygiene knowledge, 25.96 ; caffein knowledge, 59.78 ; sleep hygiene practice, 42.12 ; BDI. 18.2 ; state anxiety, 41.24 ; trait anxiety ; 44.50. 3) In the subjects with superimposed depression, the mean frequency of awakening during a night and the mean pre-sleep arousal scale score were higher than in those without depression. 4) Frequency of awakening were correlated positively with a PSAS(a tight tense feeling in your muscle) and sleep hygiene awareness. PSAS(cognitive) were correlated positively with a PSAS(somatic). BDI correlated positively with a PSAS item(a jittery, nervous feeling in your body)and a SES item (not allow a poor night's sleep to interfere with daily activities). Anxiety scales were correlated positively with sleep hygiene practice scale sleep, and PSAS were correlated negatively with SES. Conclusions : The mean scores of PSAS, SES, sleep hygiene awareness and practice scale, BDI, state and trait anxiety scales of insomniacs were correlated either positively or negatively in insomnia patients. These factors seem to contribute to the development and maintainence of insomnia.

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An Analysis of Pre-Service Science Teachers' Argument Structures, the Factors Affecting the Practice of State Change Experiment in 7th Grade and Cognition of Pre-Service Education (중학교 1학년 상태변화 실험수행과정에서 나타난 예비과학교사의 논증구조 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인과 예비교사교육에 대한 인식 분석)

  • Paik, Seoung Hye;Son, Su Hee
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.197-206
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study is to research pre-service chemistry teachers' inquiry ability and perception on inquiry by analyzing their argument structure. Nine graduating senior students have participated in this study. They have experimented with mass change during state change, which is included in 7th grade science textbook. We have analyzed pre-service teachers' experimental reports using Toulmin's argument model. Also, we have researched their views on science and experiments through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. As results show, various factors have affected pre-services' argument structures; lack of science knowledge and inquiry ability, belief about error, and additive data. This study shows that pre-service teachers' inquiry abilities is insufficient, and it is necessary to review rearrangement of pre-service science teacher curriculum in order to offer inquiry experiments in teacher education program.

A Study on Correlation Between Skid Distance and Pre-Braking Speed (활주거리와 제동전 속도간의 상관관계에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, U-Taek;O, Yeong-Tae;Park, Yeong-Su;Ryu, Tae-Seon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2011
  • This paper investigates the accuracy of the vehicle pre-braking speed estimated based upon measured skidding distance. Driver ordinarily takes sudden braking when urgent situation is developed in the front or when the driver is involved in an unexpected situation, and the driver may be inflicted upon an accident depending on the required stopping distance. Among factors influencing the stopping distance of vehicle such as recognition response time of driver, performance of vehicle's braking device, and state of road surface etc, pre-braking speed is seemingly the most important influencing factor. Currently, in the investigating section of traffic accidents, the state of overspeed is determined by the pre-skidding speed calculated based on the length of skid mark. In order to identify the accurate cause of the accident, it is strongly recommended that estimation of pre-braking speed should be estimated taking into account speed reduction during transient time. In this study, we propose a method for estimating more accurate exact speed information of vehicle at the time of traffic accident. The outcomes from this study potentially help better understanding of the characteristics of vehicle for traffic safety in the future.

Effects of Pre-reducing Sb-Doped SnO2 Electrodes in Viologen-Anchored TiO2 Nanostructure-Based Electrochromic Devices

  • Cho, Seong Mok;Ah, Chil Seong;Kim, Tae-Youb;Song, Juhee;Ryu, Hojun;Cheon, Sang Hoon;Kim, Joo Yeon;Kim, Yong Hae;Hwang, Chi-Sun
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.469-478
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we investigate the effects of pre-reducing Sb-doped $SnO_2$ (ATO) electrodes in viologen-anchored $TiO_2$ (VTO) nanostructure-based electrochromic devices. We find that by pre-reducing an ATO electrode, the operating voltage of a VTO nanostructure-based electrochromic device can be lowered; consequently, such a device can be operated more stably with less hysteresis. Further, we find that a pre-reduction of the ATO electrode does not affect the coloration efficiency of such a device. The aforementioned effects of a pre-reduction are attributed to the fact that a pre-reduced ATO electrode is more compatible with a VTO nanostructure-based electrochromic device than a non-pre-reduced ATO electrode, because of the initial oxidized state of the other electrode of the device, that is, a VTO nanostructure-based electrode. The oxidation state of a pre-reduced ATO electrode plays a very important role in the operation of a VTO nanostructure-based electrochromic device because it strongly influences charge movement during electrochromic switching.

A Study of the Pre-Resistance Effects on the Optimization For Performance of the Ignition System with the Breaker Point Type (Breaker Point 型 점火裝置 性能 을 極大化하기 위한 Pre - Resistance 효果 에 對한 硏究)

  • 손병진;신영철
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 1982
  • One of factors that affect combustion in the cylinder of the engine is to keep a greater energy in the ignition system to minimize pollutant emissions and to increase its performance of the low temperature. This paper reviews theoretically the state and input variables of the ignition system from the state transition equation. Effects on characteristics of the system such as primary current, secondary available voltage and spark duration by reducing the pre-resistance from 3.5 to 0 ohm in 12V system is experimentally investigated when the ignition coil has a primary resistance of 1.5 ohms ad the dwell angle of the breaker point is 43.2 degrees (0.75 radian). Advantages and limitations for using the low resistance of the primary circuit are also presented to optimize the performance of the ignition system with the breaker point.

A State Space Approach to $H_{\infty}$ Control of State Delayed Systems (상태변수에 시간지연이 있는 시스템의 강인한 제어기 설계)

  • Kwon, Wook-Hyun;Lee, Joon-Hwa
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1989.07a
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    • pp.129-133
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    • 1989
  • In this paper, a robust controller of state delayed systems is presented. The suggested controller stabilizes the closed loop system independently of the delay time. It is shown that the controller reduces the effect of disturbances on the output of the given system to a pre-specified level. The proposed controller will stabilize the closed loop system in the presence of plant perturbations whose size are less than a pre-specified value.

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Strength failure behavior of granite containing two holes under Brazilian test

  • Huang, Yan-Hua;Yang, Sheng-Qi;Zhang, Chun-Shun
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.919-933
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    • 2017
  • A series of Brazilian tests under diameter compression for disc specimens was carried out to investigate the strength and failure behavior by using acoustic emission (AE) and photography monitoring technique. On the basis of experimental results, load-displacement curves, AE counts, real-time crack evolution process, failure modes and strength property of granite specimens containing two pre-existing holes were analyzed in detail. Two typical types of load-displacement curves are identified, i.e., sudden instability (type I) and progressive failure (type II). In accordance with the two types of load-displacement curves, the AE events also have different responses. The present experiments on disc specimens containing two pre-existing holes under Brazilian test reveal four distinct failure modes, including diametrical splitting failure mode (mode I), one crack coalescence failure mode (mode II), two crack coalescences failure mode (mode III) and no crack coalescence failure mode (mode IV). Compared with intact granite specimen, the disc specimen containing two holes fails with lower strength, which is closely related to the bridge angle. The failure strength of pre-holed specimen first decreases and then increases with the bridge angle. Finally, a preliminary interpretation was proposed to explain the strength evolution law of granite specimen containing two holes based on the microscopic observation of fracture plane.

Investigation on Uncertainty in Construction Bid Documents

  • Shrestha, Rabin;Lee, JeeHee
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2022.06a
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2022
  • Construction bid documents contain various errors or discrepancies giving rise to uncertainties. The errors/discrepancies/ambiguities in the bid document, if not identified and clarified before the bid, may cause dispute and conflict between the contracting parties. Given the fact that bid document is a major resource in estimating construction costs, inaccurate information in bid document can result in over/under estimating. Thus, any questions from bidders related to the errors in the bid document should be clarified by employers before bid submission. This study aims to examine the pre-bid queries, i.e., pre-bid request for information (RFI), from state DoTs of the United States to investigate error types most frequently encountered in bid documents. For the study, around 200 pre-bids RFI were collected from state DoTs and were classified into several error types (e.g., coordination error, errors in drawings). The analysis of the data showed that errors in bill of quantities is the most frequent error in the bid documents followed by errors in drawing. The study findings addressed uncertainty types in construction bid documents that should be checked during a bid process, and, in a broader sense, it will contribute to advancing the construction management body of knowledge by clarifying and classifying bid risk factors at an early stage of construction projects.

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Analysis of Pre-Swirl Effect for Plain-Gas Seal Using CFD (CFD를 사용한 비접촉식 가스 실의 입구 선회류 영향 해석)

  • Ha, Tae-Woong
    • The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.26-31
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    • 2013
  • In present 3D CFD study, the method for determining leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of a plain-gas seal is suggested by using the relative coordinate system for steady-state simulation. In order to find the effect of pre-swirl speed at seal inlet, pre-swirl velocity is included as a parameter. Present analysis is verified by comparison with results acquired from Bulk-flow analysis code and published experimental results. The results of 3D CFD rotordynamic coefficients of direct stiffness(K) and cross-coupled stiffness(k) show improvements in prediction. As pre-swirl speed at seal inlet increases, k also increases to destabilize system. However, pre-swirl speed at seal inlet does not show sensitivity to the leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of K and damping(C).