• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.162-171
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of duck ham formulated with duck skin through the pre-emulsification process. The experiments to investigate the quality characteristics of duck ham were carried out to measure proximate composition, cooking loss, emulsion stability, pH, color, texture profile analysis, apparent viscosity, and sensory characteristics. Duck ham was prepared with various ratios of duck skin in pre-emulsion as follows: Control (duct skin 30%), T1 (duck skin 20% + pre-emulsified duck skin 10%), T2 (duck skin 15% + pre-emulsified duck skin 15%), T3 (duck skin 10% + pre-emulsified duck skin 20%), and T4 (pre-emulsified duck skin 30%). As the ratio of duck skin to pre-emulsified skin changed, the quality of duck ham in terms of moisture content, fat content, cooking loss, emulsion stability, lightness, textural analysis, apparent viscosity, and overall acceptability changed. The moisture content of T2 was the highest (p<0.05) and that of the control and T4 was the lowest (p<0.05). The fat content of control was higher than all treatments (p<0.05). T2 had the lowest values in cooking loss, total expressible fluid, fat separation, hardness, springiness, and gumminess (p<0.05). The score of overall acceptability of all treatments with pre-emulsified skin was higher than control (p<0.05). Therefore, the pre-emulsification process can improve the quality characteristics of duck ham and 1:1 ratio of duck skin and pre-emulsified skin was the proper ratio to improve the quality characteristics of duck ham.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2014

Fundamental experiences have been studied for development of pre-treatment process of Sn by-products such as solders. Dry and wet separation/recovery processes were considered by the differences of physical properties. The by-products, which are analyzed by solder metal and oxides. The metal and oxide were simply separated by dry ball-milling process for 12 hours, after that recovery metal powder might be reusable as lead or lead-free solders. In terms of wet separation process, samples were dissolved in $HNO_3+H_2O_2$ and the precipitation were analyzed by $SnO_2$. Overall efficiency of recovery might be increasing via developing simple pre-treatment process.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.860-867
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• 2012

Codonopsis lanceolata serves as, an appetizing health food for its, characteristic flavor, taste, and texture:however, it requires a long and complicated cooking process. Therefore, this study conducted pre-processing procedures to improve the cooking process and Codonopsis lanceolata more easily. For processing efficiency, freezing and blanching were efficient for peeling and the rate of peel disuse. In addition the freezing process, effectively reduced the time spent in beating raw material. In the salinity test, freezing and blanching quickly increased salinity over 28 days. As the result of SEM cross-section tests showed that frozen Codonopsis lanceolata become porous, it's assumed that seasoning permeates into this cross-section efficiently. As the appearance of Deodeok-gui as significant differences according to the pre-processing methods, this study examined pre-processing methods(time spent in peeling, rate of peel disuse, time spent in beating out material, salinity, moisture content, texture, and the color) of Codonopsis lanceolata. After testing Deodeok-gui, it was found that freezing is effective, not only for process efficiency and cooking time reduction, but also for improving its qualities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.43-44
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• 2009

Fabrics for Digital Textile Printing (DTP) are different from it of general textile printing. It is necessary to pre-treatment of chemical agents for desired quality. But this process does not correspond with simplification of DTP processing. In this research, we pre-treated of cotto is necessary to pre-treatment of chemical agents for desired quality. But this process does not correspond with simplification of DTP processing. In this research, we pre-treated of cotton fabric for DTP by atmosphere plasma treatment and we understood that pre-treatment of fabric by atmosphere plasma treatment was more simple DTP process.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.557-565
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• 2022

The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of pre-cooking treatments on the quality characteristics of ready-to-eat (RTE) empal gentong. Raw beef meat was pre-cooked in water bath at 90℃ for 0 min (C), 10 min (T1), 20 min (T2), and 30 min (T3) prior to retorting process at 121℃ and pressure at 70,000 Pa. Results showed that pre-cooking treatments in all treated samples could reduce fat contents in empal gentong's meat by 0.02% (T1), 0.28% (T2), and 1.13% (T3) respectively. Highest precooking time tends to increase the pH and CIE a^* values. However, CIE b^* values, water holding capacity, and sensory analysis were not affected by pre-cooking duration which must have been affected by sterilization process after pre-cooking. In conclusion, pre-cooking treatment before sterilization in producing empal gentong is a probable technique to reduce its fat content and improve its physical quality. A specific treatment at 90℃ for 10 min is recommended to achieve optimum quality of RTE empal gentong's meat.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.459-471
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to increase prediction accuracy for an anomaly interval identified using an artificial intelligence-based time series anomaly detection technique by establishing a pre-processing process. Methods: Significant variables were extracted by applying feature selection techniques, and anomalies were derived using the TadGAN time series anomaly detection algorithm. After applying machine learning and deep learning methodologies using normal section data (excluding anomaly sections), the explanatory power of the anomaly sections was demonstrated through performance comparison. Results: The results of the machine learning methodology, the performance was the best when SHAP and TadGAN were applied, and the results in the deep learning, the performance was excellent when Chi-square Test and TadGAN were applied. Comparing each performance with the papers applied with a Conventional methodology using the same data, it can be seen that the performance of the MLR was significantly improved to 15%, Random Forest to 24%, XGBoost to 30%, Lasso Regression to 73%, LSTM to 17% and GRU to 19%. Conclusion: Based on the proposed process, when detecting unsupervised learning anomalies of data that are not actually labeled in various fields such as cyber security, financial sector, behavior pattern field, SNS. It is expected to prove the accuracy and explanation of the anomaly detection section and improve the performance of the model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2012

In this paper, precision processing is carried out for the pre hardened steel(HRC 54), which is one of injection mould materials. Processing characteristics are estimated according to the number of tool cutting blade and roundness is observed by the 3-Dimensional measuring machine. The surface roughness affected by the wire electric discharge machining are measured. Cutting component force of STAVOX is the highest in condition of 2F processing because load per a blade of cutting tool is high. Especially, the difference in Fz is over 20N by cutting load. The slower spindle rotation speed and tool feed rate are, the better cutting component force is. The roundness of hole processed in condition of 4F is good because feed rate is able to be fast. When rotation speed is increased, the surface roughness is decreased. The surface roughness acquired in condition of 2F processing is higher about 50% than 4F processing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1335-1336
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• 2010

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 2004

Demand for development of processing systems for pre-washed rice and propagation of the systems has recently been on the rise, because rice-cooking requires watering 15 times the rice quantity to cook, as in case of the regular rice currently being circulated in Korean market, in addition to paying the trouble of washing it for cooking, and besides the milky turbid water coming from the rice-washing contributes to water contamination. In this study, therefore, a processing system for pre-washed rice was designed and built with rice surface polishing devices that adopted abrading and airing methods, an electrostatic method and a method using a fine watering, to conduct its performance test. The result showed that turbidity of the wash water, which is the base to determine the pre-washed rice standard, turned out 47.33 ppm and 48.00 ppm respectively for 800 kg/hr and 1,000 kg/hr supplies, which meets the standard for the processing system free from rice-washing for cooking. The quantity of watering at this experiment was only 0.43 times the rice, thus resulting in curtailment of process-watering by approximately $69\%$ compared with the existing wet-type pre-washed rice processing system popular in Korean market.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2021

Internet users are increasingly invited to express their opinions on various subjects in social networks, e-commerce sites, news sites, forums, etc. Much of this information, which describes feelings, becomes the subject of study in several areas of research such as: "Sensing opinions and analyzing feelings". It is the process of identifying the polarity of the feelings held in the opinions found in the interactions of Internet users on the web and classifying them as positive, negative, or neutral. In this article, we suggest the implementation of a sentiment analysis tool that has the role of detecting the polarity of opinions from people about COVID-19 extracted from social media (tweeter) in the Arabic language and to know the impact of the pre-processing phase on the opinions classification. The results show gaps in this area of research, first of all, the lack of resources when collecting data. Second, Arabic language is more complexes in pre-processing step, especially the dialects in the pre-treatment phase. But ultimately the results obtained are promising.