• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of the water extract of Bopyeoyangyeong-jun(BYJ) to cytokines and transcription. To investigate the biological effect of BYJ, We examined cytotoxicity and inflammatory cytokine secretion with RBL-2H3. We examined tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin(IL)-4 secretion from RBL-2H3 cell after pre- treatment with Bopyeoyangyeong-jun of $1\;mg/m{\ell}$, $2\;mg/m{\ell}$. RBL-2H3 cell was stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187. We observed that Bopyeoyangyeong-jun reduced TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4 secretion and mRNA expression in RBL-2H3 cells. Moreover, the expression of levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) (p65) protein, ERK MAPK, and the degradation of level inhibitor kappa B-alpha ($I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$) were down-regulated by BYJ. Taken together, these results indicate that Bopyeoyangyeong-jun hascontrols TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4 secretion on allergic reaction.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 2015

To develop a new anti-inflammation agent for cosmetics, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Fallopia sachalinensis RonseDecr. fruit extracts (FSR). FSR inhibited the pre-inflammatory cytokines ($1L-1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) and reduced NO production of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the activity to about 51% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. FSR suppressed not only the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2, but also the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophage. The results suggested that FSR has considerable potential as a cosmetics ingredient with an anti-inflammatory effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.163-169
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• 2007

The neurotoxicity of amyloid $\beta(A\beta)$ is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis, and it has been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. While(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) suppresses $A\beta$-induced apoptosis, the mechanisms underlying this process have yet to be completely clarified. This study was designed to investigate whether EGCG plays a neuroprotective role by activating cell survival system such as protein kinase C(PKC), extracellular-signal-related kinase(ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), and anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic genes in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. One ${\mu}M\;A{\beta}_{1-42}$ decreased cell viability, which was correlated with increased DNA fragmentation evidenced by DAPI staining. Pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with EGCG($1{\mu}M$) significantly attenuated $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-induced cytotoxicity. Potential cell signaling candidates involved in this neuroprotective effects were further examined. EGCG restored the reduced PKC, ERK, and JNK activities caused by $A{\beta}_{1-42}$ toxicity. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that EGCG prevented both the $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-induced expression of a pro-apoptotic gene mRNA, Bad and Bax, and the decrease of an anti-apoptotic gene mRNA, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. These results suggest that the neuroprotective mechanism of EGCG against $A{\beta}_{1-42}$-induced apoptotic cell death includes stimulation of PKC, ERK, and JNK, and modulation of cell survival and death genes.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2014

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are natural water-soluble pigments, which are mainly found in vegetables and fruits. Anthocyanins have attractive pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of anthocyanins-rich fraction (ANF) from Korean purple sweet potato variety, "Shinjami", against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress. In our results, pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with ANF ($10{\mu}g/mL$) significantly prevented cell death and maintained cell integrity, following exposure to 0.9 mM hydrogen peroxide. The $H_2O_2$-dependent production of intracellular ROS was also significantly decreased by pre-treatment with ANF (6 h, $10{\mu}g/mL$). In addition, ANF increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione level in $H_2O_2$-treated HepG2 cells. These results indicated that ANF protected HepG2 cells against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress by inducing protective system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

The ORI2 (3-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid 1-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-methoxycarbonylethyl ester) was purified from the extract of Isodon excisus. We confirmed the antiviral effect of ORI2 in a coxsackievirus-induced pancreatitis model. Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is a common cause of pancreatitis and may be reason of the type-1 diabetes. Anti-enteroviral compounds were screened by HeLa cell survival assay. Purified natural compounds were added to HeLa cells cultured 96-well plates after $10^4PFU/ml$ CVB4 pre-incubation for 30 min. ORI2 significantly improved HeLa cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ORI2 (1 mM) treatment was dramatically decreased virus protease 2A induced eIF4G-I cleavage and viral VP1 capsid protein production. HeLa cell virus titers and viral RNA replication were significantly decreased in ORI2-treatment in a dose dependent manner (1 mM~0.001 mM). These results demonstrate that ORI2 has a strong antiviral effect. It was significantly decreased virus replication. ORI2 may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for CVB4.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.434-439
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• 2001

The effects of regular endurance exercise, or acute-exercise and rest on the levels of lipids, carnitines and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were exercise trained on a treadmill for 60 min per day for 60 days (long-term trained, LT), or non-trained for 59 days (NT) and exercised for 60 min on the 60th day. In NT rats, the levels of serum nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acidsoluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), and total carnitine (TONE) increased significantly during the post-exercise recovery period (PERP). In LT rats, ASAC, and TCNE, which increased right after the 60 min running session decreased to the levels of pre-exercise during the PERP. The levels of skeletal muscle ASAC in NT rats, which increased significantly by the acute-exercise, decreased to the pre-exercise levels during the PERP. However, the ASAC level in LT rats reached its peak at 4 h after running for 60 min. Liver triglyceride (TG) and total lipids (TL), which increased by the acute-exercise, decreased to the pre-exercise levels during the PERP in both NT and LT rats. CPT-I activity in NT rats increased significantly after 1 h of a 60-min exercise and slowly decreased to pre-exercise levels during the PERP. However, the CPT-I activity in LT rats, which increased significantly by the 60 min exercise, decreased slowly and reached its pre-exercise level within 8 h of the PERP. Northern blot analysis showed that the changes of CPT-I activities during the PERP coincided with changes in CPT-I mRNA levels. This study shows that both regular endurance exercise, and acute-exercise and rest, can influence differently the levels of carnitines, lipids and CPT-I in rats. The results suggest that regular endurance exercise, rather than the acute-exercise, can change effectively the distributions of carnitines, lipids and CPT-I in rats during exercise and rest.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.395-406
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to examine the developmental capacity of mouse oocytes within prenatal follicles cultured various concentrations of FSH and LH and the expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and cytochrome P450 17 $\alpha$ -hydroxylase (P450)$_{17{\alpha}}$ mRNA, as luteinization and atretic marker, in these culture conditions. In addition, we investigated the concentrations of progesterone and testosterone in culture medium. The developmental potential up to blastocyst of the oocytes grown in vitro was higher in the FSH alone (30.2%) and 10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated (28.0%) groups than in the 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated group (22.0%). And the mean numbers of cell per blastocyst was higher in the FSH alone (50.9$\pm$26.1) and 10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated (51.0$\pm$21.1) groups when compared to the 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated group (45.2$\pm$15.1). The expressions of P450scc and P450$_{17{\alpha}}$ mRNA in the oocyte -cumulus complexes were increased with increasing of LH concentration, and also the secretions of progesterone and testosterone were increased. Especially, in the 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH treated group, the expression of P450scc and P450$_{17{\alpha}}$ were significantly increased, and the secretion of progesterone and testosterone were significantly increased. Therefore, these data show that gonadotrophins are essential for the in vitro culture of preantral follicles, but that increasing of LH concentration is reduced the developmental capacity of oocytes. The cause of these findings may be due to increasing of progesterone and testosterone secretion by the enhance of P450scc and P450$_{17{\alpha}}$ mRNA expressions, as markers of luteinization and atresia. Conclusively, this study suggest that supplementation of 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH or 10 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ LH and 100 $m\ell$U/$m\ell$ FSH may be optimal condition for the culture of mouse pre antral follicles.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.405-413
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• 2016

Tau proteins, which stabilize the structure and regulate the dynamics of microtubules, also play important roles in axonal transport and signal transduction. Tau proteins are missorted, aggregated, and found as tau inclusions under many pathological conditions associated with neurodegenerative disorders, which are collectively known as tauopathies. In the adult human brain, tau protein can be expressed in six isoforms due to alternative splicing. The aberrant splicing of tau pre-mRNA has been consistently identified in a variety of tauopathies but is not restricted to these types of disorders as it is also present in patients with non-tau proteinopathies and RNAopathies. Tau mis-splicing results in isoform-specific impairments in normal physiological function and enhanced recruitment of excessive tau isoforms into the pathological process. A variety of factors are involved in the complex set of mechanisms underlying tau mis-splicing, but variation in the cis-element, methylation of the MAPT gene, genetic polymorphisms, the quantity and activity of spliceosomal proteins, and the patency of other RNA-binding proteins, are related to aberrant splicing. Currently, there is a lack of appropriate therapeutic strategies aimed at correcting the tau mis-splicing process in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between tau mis-splicing and neurodegenerative disorders will aid in the development of efficient therapeutic strategies for patients with a tauopathy or other, related neurodegenerative disorders.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

The present study determined the effect of dietary cultivated microalgae (Parachlorella sp.) on the growth and immune responses of pre-starter broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old birds (Ross 308) were allocated to 4 treatments with 8 blocks in a randomized complete block design. The four experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, and three diets contained 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% microalgae powder at the expense of cornstarch in the control diet. After feeding the experimental diets for 7 days, the body weight and feed intake of all birds were measured, and 8 birds were randomly selected from each treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were harvested for immune profile assessment, including cytokines and cell migration receptors. No differences in growth performance were observed among the treatments. The birds that were fed diets containing graded levels of microalga showed a linear increase in the mRNA expression of cytokine genes in PBMCs, including that of IL2, IL1β, and IL18 (P<0.05). With respect to the chemokine receptor genes in PBMCs, mRNA expression of CCR2, CCR9, and ITGA4 changed quadratically (P<0.05), but that of CCR7 increased linearly (P<0.01). Cytokine protein secretion in blood, including that of IL-1β and IL-6, increased linearly (P<0.01) with an increase in the microalgal content. Overall, the present results show that the indigenous microalgae powder used in this study could stimulate immunity with no detrimental effects on the growth performance of pre-starter broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2006

Wee1 is a kinase regulator of the M-phase promoting factor (MPF; a complex of cdc2 and cyclin B1). The present study was undertaken to determine the role(s) of wee1 in the early stages of mouse ovarian follicles. The expression of wee1 and the correlated cell-cycle components, namely cdc2, cyclin B1, and cdc25C, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the expression of Tyr15-phosphorylated cdc2 (cdc2-p) was also examined to determine whether wee1 kinase phosphorylates cdc2 existed. Each component except cdc25C was found cytoplasmic in the oocytes at all stages of follicles, while cdc25C was not detected in primordial follicles. It was found primarily in ovarian somatic cells and to a small extent in granulosa cells of the growing follicles. To further confirm the expression of cell-cycle components in the primordial follicular oocytes, day1 ovaries were enzymatically and mechanically dissociated, then oocytes were isolated from somatic including pre-granulosa cells, and we confirmed that cdc2-p was expressed in oocytes of primordial follicles. From the results of the present study, we concluded wee1, without the counteracting cdc25C, would cause meiotic arrest of oocytes by the inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc2. The expression of all these proteins in the granulosa cells of growing follicles may regulate their mitosis concurrently with the growth of oocytes and follicles.