• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1976

A determination of proper maturity is a significant factor for a good quality and storage. This study is aimed at a determination of optimum harvest date related to a decisive measuring of maturity in Spur Golden Delicious. In this case, respiratory status and other characteristics are taken as a indicator for maturing determination. The results are as follows. 1. Respiratory rate has been decreased through a fruit development and come to its minimized point on Sep. 25. at last. On the contrary its tendency has been increased after Sep. 25. It is also estimated that the former is pre-climacteric, the latter climacteric rise based on dimacteric minimum Sep. 25. 2. A flesh hardness has maintained comparably high value until Sep. 18. But in the point of climacteric minimum, Sep. 25, curve of flesh firmness has rapidly been broken down, and after Sep. 25, tendency has slowly decreased at the sucessive date. 3. Pectin content, optimum acidity are remarkably decreased after Sep. 25, Oct. 2 respectively. 4. When water soluble sugar content shows to be swung from climacteric minimum, any resonable tendency are not found. 5. In this experiment, optimum harvest time is found by Oct. 2, in time of 145 days after flowering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 1989

One of the most important cultural techniques of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) is to encourage rapid and uniform emergence of seedlings to establish good stand and to let them grow well. Thus the objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of pre-sowing seed soaking and planting depth on dormancy breaking, germination and emergence of the seedlings, and to estimate the optimum planting season of pearl millet in Suwon, Korea. The seeds with dormancy germinated 99 to 100 percent when soaked in the H$_2$O$_2$ 1％ solution for 24 hours and rinsed with pure water, but germinated only 38％ and 83％ when soaked in pure water for 24 hours just after harvest and drying, and one month later from the harvest time, respectively. The seeds of Australia inbred line did not germinate at the constant 10$^{\circ}C$, but germinated at the constant 11$^{\circ}C$. It also was possible to estimate the optimum planting season by applying minimum temperature 11$^{\circ}C$ for germination. The minimum air temperature reached from late April in Suwon, Korea in regular years but fluctuated from late April to early May in 1986 and 1987. Thus, the safe planting season was mid-May for rapid and uniform germination of pearl millet seed. The optimum depth of planting was 2∼4cm under the optimum soil moisture condition, and 4 to 6 cm under the drier soil moisture condition. Subcoleoptile internode(mesocotyle) length increased according to increased depth of planting. Seedling crown placement also became deeper due to deeper planting of the seeds. The subcoleoptile internode length and seedling crown depth were positively correlated with actual planting depth, indicating that deeper planting would be not good for appropriate adventitious root and tiller development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.4
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• pp.558-563
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• 2015

The effects of pre-treatment methods (water cooling, water cooling+ozone, precooling+microbubble, water cooling+ozone+microbubble) after harvest on the quality of 'Mipung' chestnut were studied. Changes in quality of chestnut were greater precooling treatments effect than washing treatments. But, decaying rate and total microorganism were significantly differences among treatments. The decaying rate after 12 weeks storage was highest at 20.0% in non-treatments and lowest at 3.3% in water cooling+ozone and water cooling+ozone+microbubble treatments. The total microorganism immediately after washing treatments was in the order non-treatments (4.4 log CFU/g) > water cooling treatments (4.0 log CFU/g) > water cooling+ozone+microbubble treatments (3.5 log CFU/g) > water cooling+ozone treatments (3.4 log CFU/g) > water cooling+microbubble treatments (3.3 log CFU/g), and after 12 weeks storage was increased within 4.7 to 5.9 log CFU/g. Thus, the washing treatments, especially ozone treatments, extended the shelf-life of the 'Mipung' chestnut by inhibiting the decaying.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.565-570
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• 2007

Changes in the quality of Hallabong tangor during growth stage and with temperature pre-treatment after harvest were investigated. Soluble solids of Hallabong increased continuously until early December. The acid content of M16A, a variant species of Hallabong, decreased by 1% after October and continued to decrease until the middle of January. After ripening, treatment to reduce the acid content was required. Fruit firmness decreased gradually until November and was maintained at 1000 g-force after this time. Soluble solids and acid content were $13.3{\pm}0.83^{\circ}Brix$ and $1.07{\pm}0.52%$. Soluble solids increased in temperature-treated Hallabong with prolonged storage, but acid content did not decrease. Fruit firmness also decreased with storage period, regardless of temperature pre-treatment. Therefore, water management during cultivation, temperature treatment above $35^{\circ}C$ after harvest, and checking of the acid content and soluble solids with prolonged storage are recommended in achieving high quality Hallabong.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.468-472
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• 2014

The effect of pre-storage treatments was investigated to control the occurrence of fruit skin stain in 'Niitaka' pears. The incidence of fruit skin stains was significantly reduced when the fruits were stored in paper bags with a yellow inner color, compared to when they were stored in paper bags with blue and red inner colors. Additionally, the pear fruits that were harvested seven days earlier than their optimum maturity date developed less fruit skin stains in cold storage and retained their quality. Storage in polyethylene (PE) bags did not control the occurrence of fruit skin stains as effectively as did bag-free storage or storage in calcium-coated bags. The dipping of the pear fruits in a chlorine dioxide and calcium solution was highly effective in reducing the fruit skin stains compared to when they were not dipped or when they were dipped only in distilled water. In particular, a 1,500 times diluted solution of sodium dichloroisocyannurate (NaDCC) reduced the incidence of fruit skin stains and the size of the lesions. No stain was observed on the skin of the fruit with a water content lower than 67.7% (w/v) during its storage. In conclusion, packaging pear fruits in bags with an inner calcium coat and dipping them in a chlorine dioxide, calcium, or NaDCC solution can effectively reduce their skin stains during their storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.307-314
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• 2006

Elevation differences within a paddy field relate strongly to plant health, crop homogeneity, and pest control. For precision agriculture (PA), the elevation within a field should be precisely controlled. We analyzed variation in elevation within two rice paddies over one crop cycle. The study took place in two rectangular plots (Field A and Field B, each $50m{\times}30m$). Elevations within the two plots were measured by a laser-equipped surveying instrument, that could determine elevations to precisions of 1 mm. The test fields were divided into grids with 30 squares; elevation was measured at the center of each $5{\times}10-m$ grid square. This study measured elevation during nine observation periods from pre-plowing to post-harvest. Descriptive statistics showed the highest elevations after plowing due to soil disturbance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant elevation differences before and after plowing and transplanting, although elevations were similar over the period of crop growth. Comparison of pre-plowing and post-harvest data showed differences in elevations, indicating that elevation changes occurred during plowing, rice transplanting, plant growth, and harvesting. In summary, the above statistical analyses indicated that elevation changes occurred due to plowing but not during the plant growth season or due to harvesting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2022

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) on rice panicles is getting problematic in recent several years in Korea due to climate changes such as high temperature and more frequent typhoons during harvesting season. PHS negatively affects grain quality severely and also yield. Genetic improvement of Korean varieties (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) through a marker assisted-backcross breeding (MAB) with the known PHS resistant genes must be one of ideal solutions. However, the final breeding products of MAB occasionally exhibit unwanted traits, especially the cross between genetically distant parents. This might be caused by linkage drag and/or presence of the gene-unlinked donor introgressions, resulting that the final products could not be released to the farmers. The major PHS resistance gene, Sdr4 (Seed dormancy 4) originated from an indica cultivar, Kasalath was selected as a donor gene. In order to avoid unexpected phenotypes in the breeding products, we performed a precision marker-based breeding (PMBB) consisting of foreground, recombinant, and background selections (FS, RS, and BS) which aim to develop 'single small introgression lines' (~100 kb introgression). Korean varieties (Ilpum and Gopum) were crossed with Kasalath. We developed Sdr4-allele specific markers for FS and a set of polymorphic flanking markers near the Sdr4 (-350kb and +420kb) for RS. To minimize linkage drag, the small introgression (< 125kb) containing Sdr4 was selected in Ilpum background (BC₂F₄) through 1^st RS with ~1,200 F₂ or BC₁F₂ plants (one side trimmed) and then 2^nd RS with ~1,000 progenies from the 1^st RS selected plants (another side trimmed). After RS, the selected lines were genotyped by using Infinium 7K SNP chip to detect other donor introgressions and the lines were backcrossed. Currently BS is on-going from the backcross-derived progenies with BS markers to remove residual introgressions. During the PMBB process, genetic effect of Sdr-4-Kasalath allele was confirmed in Ilpum and Gopum backgrounds by PHS phenotyping using the segregating BC₂F₃ or BC₁F₄ materials. The Sdr4 PMBB lines in Ilpum background (< 125kb introgression) will be valuable genetic resources to improve PHS resistance in modem popular temperate japonica varieties.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been used as a major treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. The number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product is a very important factor for achieving successful transplantation. We studied the factors that can predict the number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients after mobilizing them with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. A total of 73 patients (AML 19 patients, MM 28 patients, NHL 26 patients) with hematological malignancies had been mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor from April, 2000 to February, 2012. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1: CD34 cell counts < $2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=16); group 2: $2{\times}10^6/kg{\leq}CD34$ cell counts < $6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=32); group 3: CD34 cell counts ${\geq}6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=25). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, the peripheral blood (PB) parameters and the number of CD34 positive cells in the PB and their correlation with the yield of CD34 positive cells collected from the mobilized patients. The total number of leukapheresis sessions was 263 (mean: 3.55 session per patient), and the mean number of harvested CD34 positive cells per patient was $7.37{\times}10^6/kg$. The number of CD34 positive cells in product was significantly correlated with the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). The number of PB CD34 positive cells was the best significant factor for the quantity of harvested CD34 positive cells on the linear regression analysis (P<0.05). Many factors could influence the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells. Platelet count and PB CD34 positive cells count were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Therefore, the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for successful peripheral blood stem cell collection.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.620-628
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• 2012

This study addressed the influence of forest harvesting on seasonal water table dynamics in small headwater riparian areas. Four treatments including potential Best Management Practices(BMPs) for ephemeral and intermittent streams were implemented(BMP1, BMP2, clearcut and reference). Water table measurements were obtained at bi-monthly intervals for 3 years including one year of pre- and two years of post-harvest observations. Overall, water table responses affected largely by rainfall amount. In addition, significant increases in water table levels following harvesting occurred throughout the two post-harvest years. Water table levels increased up to 28.2cm in the clearcut treatment during 2008 and up to 54.2cm in BMP2 during 2009. However, increase in water table elevation was not directly related to basal area removal despite considerable differences in basal area removed between BMP2 and clearcut treatments. Water table rises were apparent in that water table were more elevated during dry season(June through November) than during wet season(December through May). These seasonal fluctuations were presumably driven by changes in evapotranspiration caused by differences in leaf area of overstory canopy and understory following harvest.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.191-194
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• 2008

The antagonistic activity of probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium animalis BB-12, Bifidobacterium bifidum A, Bifidobacterium longum B6, Lactobacillus acidophilus ADH, Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 25598, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG) against nalidixic acid resistant ($NA^R$) Escherichia coli O157:H7 MF1847, E. coli O157:H7 H2439, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43894, and E. coli O157:H7 C7927 was investigated using the agar-overlay, well diffusion, and broth culture tests. L. paracasei ATCC 25598 was the most effective probiotic strain in terms of in vitro antagonistic activity against $NA^R$ E. coli O157:H7, followed by L. rhamnosus GG, B. longum B6, and L. acidophilus ADH. The use of selected probiotic strains could be an effective pre-harvest intervention strategy to reduce the risk of $NA^R$ E. coli O157:H7 by maintaining a balanced microflora in animals and might provide many potential benefits in lieu of using antimicrobials.