• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 1995

There has been an enormous emergence of imaging systems dedicated to hardcopy and softcopy color-appearance comparisons. Pre-press industry use the CRT as a soft proofing device to preview and aid with color corrections and changes before producing the final printed image. Color DTP system is required an accurate image-matching between CRT-image and printed image. In other to develop the color DTP,CRT calibration and CRT color transform to CIE color system are necessary. In this paper, we described a method CRT color transform to CIELab color system using RGB image raw data. Experimental results show that described method is useful valid of color image matching.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, a small number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in neonates have been reported worldwide. Neonates currently account for only a minor proportion of the pediatric population affected by COVID-19. Thus, data on the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 in neonates are limited. Approximately 3% of neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 reportedly tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Current limited data on neonates with COVID-19 suggest that neonatal COVID-19 shows a relatively benign course despite a high requirement for mechanical ventilation. However, neonates with pre-existing medical conditions and preterm infants appear to be at a higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. The greatest perinatal concern of the COVID-19 pandemic is the possibility of vertical transmission, especially transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Although direct evidence of the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is lacking, its possibility during late pregnancy cannot be ruled out. This review summarizes available case studies on COVID-19 in neonates and introduces what is currently known about neonatal COVID-19 with focus on its vertical transmission.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 2010

This paper explains how the political elites limit peruvian politics after independence, through examining the historical origin of elites, the formation of the dominant elites and their politicization in Peru, 1824-1919. In detail, the first section of this paper examines theoretical concepts and the political economic conditions of elites. The next part explores the emergence of the dominant elite group and their politicization, which is focused on economic incentives and conditions in the Guano era. Finally, this paper suggests that peruvian elite group after independence is politically motivated by the direct control of economic resources and maximized privilege in distributions of economic benefits. Furthermore, these features provided the archetype of the Peruvian politics, such as the pre-modern oligarchy and the military intervention.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.7-34
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• 2017

Various models have been presented to describe early Southeast Asian political formations that draw on both indigenous and imported Indic ideas. The most influential of these are the "Mandala" (Wolters 1968, 1982, 1999), "Galactic" (Tambiah 1976), "Negara" (Geertz 1980), and Anderson's 1972 "The idea of power in Javanese culture." This paper represents an initial attempt to compare the salient features of these models with historical and archaeological data from South Sulawesi where, exceptionally and importantly, societies developed independently of Indic ideas. South Sulawesi is unique in being the only region of maritime Southeast Asia where there are sufficient written and oral sources, often substantiated by archaeological data, to document the social evolution of its society from scattered, economically self-sufficient communities with ranked lineages practicing swidden agriculture to large political units (kingdoms) constructed around indigenous cultural and political concepts with economies based on wet-rice agriculture. This wealth of data provides us with a much more detailed picture of the emergence, development and support structures of early kingdoms than found in the models, which makes South Sulawesi of fundamental importance in understanding the social and economic evolution of pre-Indic influenced Austronesian societies in Maritime Southeast Asia.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 1993

Pre-sowing treatments of tobacco seeds (cv. NC82) were evaluated as a means of improving the speed of emergence, early seedling growth and uniformity of the seedlings. Seeds were treated through the use of polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG), solid matrix priming(SMP), chilling and dark-preincubati(DPI). Under the laboratory condition of 15$^{\circ}C$, all the treated seeds germinated more rapid and the time to 50% germination(T50) reduced than control. Among the treatments, SMP was the best to reduce the T50 for germination. All the treatments did not affect the final germination percentage, while the chilling showed of little benefit for germination and T50. Under the greenhouse condition, seedling from SMP emerged earlier and more uniformity and also greater mean fresh and dry weight showed than other treatments. The advantage of T50 from SMP was affected more in temperature than in water content of Agro-Lig during the treatment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.789-802
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• 2020

This study analyzes the experiences of a color therapy program that uses color and fashion directing to influence the psychological characteristics of adolescents, such as emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and color expression. The subjects of this study were 15 adolescents who participated in B-City Winter School (January 6-15, 2020). Pre- and post-tests for emotional intelligence and self-efficacy were conducted to confirm the effect of the color therapy program that indicated a significant difference at the p<.05 level. Statistical significance was confirmed through the GEE model for formal characteristics used in pre/post and fashion-directed color expression. Peter pre- and post-changes in vocabulary emergence were investigated with a Word Cloud analysis using R program 4.0.2 that extracted the lower and upper categories. The significance of this study is that by expressing both color expression and fashion direction together, a program was provided for adolescents to have richer emotional experiences and career-related experiences. This study examined changes within a short period of time in 15 subjects; consequently, a follow-up in-depth qualitative analysis of the program effect and a post-testing study on maintaining the long-term effect is expected to secure further validity and usefulness of the study results. In addition, new studies are expected to contribute to the development of differentiated fashion-related education programs.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Bumblebees, more efficient than honeybees, provide important services for pollination especially in tomato, pepper, cucumber, strawberries and other crops grown under tunnel farming or glasshouse conditions to yield maximization. These bees require pollen and nectar to meet their dietary needs and maintain their colony structure, development and reproduction. Keeping in view their economic importance, the effect of five concentrations of sugar and honey solutions (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, 2:1,1.5:1) each as alternative to nectar were used to observe their effect on life history parameters of Bombus terrestris. The 1:1 ratio of sugar solution was found most effective followed by 1.5:1, 1:1.5, 1:2 and 2:1 and also more effective of all five concentrations of honey solutions on all three stages of colony development i.e., at colony initiation, colony development and colony maturation stages. At colony initiation stage, early pre-oviposition period ($6.40{\pm}0.97$ days), early emergence of first worker in the first batch ($25.40{\pm}1.21$ days) and maximum numbers of workers ($6.20{\pm}0.24$) emergence in the first batch were observed at 1:1 ratio of sugar solution. Colonies reared on 1:1 ratio of sugar solution reached earlier ($52.13{\pm}1.28$ days) at colony foundation stage with minimum mortality ($3.27{\pm}0.54$ workers). At colony maturation stage, maximum numbers of workers, sexual (males, queens) and maximum mother queen longevity was observed at the same 1:1 ratio of sugar solution. It can be suggested from present study that sugar solution as alternative of nectar at 1:1 ratio was better than other sugar concentration levels and also from those of honey solution.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to determine a potential effective biological weed control and/or rice young seedling injury by golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) at wet hill seeded rice field. The rice seeds used were treated by iron-coating. The efficacy of weed control as affected by golden apple snail has been tested with twice applications of young golden apple snails of 12 kg (24,000 young snails, $0.5g{\pm}10%$ per young snail, 30~40 days after hatching) per ha at the same day after harrowing and applied with rate of 10 kg (20,000 young snails) per ha at 15days after seeding, respectively. The comparison of this experiment was of the conventional machine transplanted rice paddy field in terms of weed control and rice plant injury as a visual grade. The weed efficacy was of 100% similar with the conventional paddy field which was applied by systematic herbicides of pre-emergence and post-emergence chemical herbicides and there was 1~3% significant rice young seedling injury but no yield losses and grain quality due to the input of golden apple snail.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1999

3-Trifluoromethylpyrazoles and 4-benzenecarbinolpyrazoles were prepared by the new synthetic methodologies, and their herbicidal effects were tested (in vivo) in the upland conditions and in the flooded paddy conditions for the purpose of the development of new herbicides. In upland conditions, most of the pyrazoles showed weak herbicidal effects at 4 kg/ha dosage in the post-emergence test, while no herbicidal effects in the pre-emergence test. In the flooded paddy conditions, some of the pyrazoles showed good herbicidal effects at a rate of 4 kg/ha, especially, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-(4-methoxybenzoyl)pyrazole showed the best herbicidal activity with good selectivity between rice and weeds. But other derivatives substituted with electron-donating groups such as dior trimethoxy and sulfides, and 4-benzenecarbinolpyrazoles showed weak herbicidal effects.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 1986

Weeds emerging on winter wheat and barley field at early spring are troublesome, even with pre-emergence application of herbicides such as butachlor, tribunil, etc. Searching the proper post-applicating herbicides to control those weeds, three herbicides; ioxynil, bromoxynil and MCPA were evaluated with weeding efficacies in barley field. Tank mixture of bromoxynil and MCPA was the most excellent in weeding efficacy, especially in higher mixing rate at early April application to the broad-leaf weeds, among others.