• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2021

In this study, a new understanding is presented on the microcracking behavior of high strength concrete (HSC) with steel fiber addition having prior compressive loading history. Microcracking behavior at critical stress (σcr) region, using seven fiber addition volume of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, and 2.0% was evaluated, at two aspect ratios (60 and 75). The specimens were loaded up to a specified compressive stress levels (0.70fc-0.96fc), and subsequently subjected to split tensile tests. This was followed by microscopic analyses afterwards. Four compressive stress levels as percentage of fc were selected according to the linearity end point based on stress-time (σ-t) diagram under uniaxial compression. It was seen that pre-compression has an effect on the linearity end point as well as fiber addition where it lies within 85-91% of fc. Tensile strength gain was observed in some cases with respect to the 'maiden' tensile strength as oppose to tensile strength loss due to the fiber addition with teething effect. Aggregate cracking was the dominant failure mode instead of bond cracks due to improved matrix quality. The presence of the steel fiber improved the extensive failure pattern of cracks where it changes from 'macrocracks' to a branched network of microcracks especially at higher fiber dosages. The applied pre-compression resulted in hardening effect, but the cracking process is similar to that in concrete without fiber addition.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.737-740
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• 2002

Pressure fluctuation in the cylinder is one of the major sources on noise emission in oil hydraulic piston pumps. This paper reports an experimental study of pressure fluctuation characteristics in the cylinder of oil hydraulic piston pumps. We measured pressure fluctuation at BDC with delivery pressure, rotational speed. Because the pre-compression and the V-grooves in the valve plate is known of noise reduction, we investigated also the effect of pre-compression and V-grooves at the ends of the kidney ports with four types valve plates. We found that the pre-compression and the V-grooves in valve plate could reduce the noise of oil hydraulic piston pumps.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.481-492
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• 2022

Cycloidal ball planetary transmission (CBPT) has many applications as precision reducer, such as precision machinery and automation drive systems etc. The traditional analytical model of CBPT cannot accurately describe the change of the normal force of meshing points, and thus cannot describe the precise transmission process of meshing pairs. In the paper, a method for deriving the normal force equation is put forward by using the non-linear relationship between force and deformation in elastic mechanics. The two-point contact analytical models of all the meshing pairs are established to obtain the micro-displacement analytical model of CBPT under axial pre-tightening. Then, the non-real-time two-point contact analytical models of all the meshing pairs are further constructed to obtain the normal force expression to determine the critical compression coefficients. Experimental investigations are performed to verify the analytical model using the critical compression coefficients.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2020

In the design of the metal forming processes, various types of ductile fracture criteria are used to predict crack initiation and to fabricate metallic products without any defects. However, the quantitative measurement method for determination of crack initiation is insufficient. It is very difficult to detect crack initiation in ductile metals with excellent deformability because no significant load drop is observed due to crack generation. In this study, the applicability of acoustic emission sensors, which are commonly used in facility diagnostics, to measure crack initiation during the metal forming process was analyzed. Cylindrical notch specimens were designed using the finite element method to induce a premature crack on the surface of pre heat-treated steel (ESW90) material. In addition, specimens with various notch angles and heights were prepared and compression tests were carried out. During the compression tests, acoustic emission signal on the dies and images of the surface of the notch specimen were recorded using an optical camera in real time. The experimental results revealed that the acoustic emission sensor can be used to detect crack initiation in ductile metals due to severe plastic deformation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

A premixed charge compression ignition engine is experimentally investigated for the reduction of NOx and smoke emissions from diesel engines. In this study, the premixed fuel is injected into the intake manifold to form homogeneous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber and then this pre-mixture is ignited by small amount of diesel fuel directly injected into the cylinder. In the premixed charge compression ignition engine, NOx and smoke concentrations of the exhaust emissions were reduced simultaneously as compared with the conventional diesel engine. But HC emission was increased with the increase of premixed ratio. Also, when EGR system was applied to the PCCI diesel engine, the effect of EGR rate on the combustion characteristics and the exhaust gas emissions was discussed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2002

A homogeneous premixed charge compression ignition engine has been experimentally studied far the reduction exhaust emissions of diesel engines. In this study, the gasoline fuel is injected into the intake manifold to from homogeneous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber and then this pre-mixture is ignited by small amount of diesel fuel directly injected into the cylinder. In the premixed charge compression ignition engine, NOx and smoke concentration of the exhaust emissions were reduced simultaneously as compared with the conventional diesel engine. The combustion characteristics of premixed charged diesel engine such as the power output, the rate of heat release, and the other characteristics are discussed.

• 도시과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

As the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes increase in Korea, interest in earthquake damage reduction technology has increased. Therefore, research on vibration damping devices that directly respond to seismic loads is being actively researched. After an earthquake, damage or destruction of the device occurs due to the yield of materials, and thus it takes considerable cost and time for restoration and replacement. To supplement the problems of the existing earthquake damage reduction technology, a study was conducted on the recentering smart damper that can be used continuously after an earthquake. In this study, the recentering smart damper that can be restored to its original shape after load removal was developed using superelastic shape memory alloy, pre-compressed polyurethane. General steel was commonly applied to verify the seismic performance of the superelastic shape memory alloy, and the performance of the smart damper was verified according to the amount of polyurethane pre-compressed

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.277-291
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• 1983

토목공사(土木工事)에서 흙구조물(構造物)의 시공후(施工後)에 변화(變化)하는 전단특성(剪斷特性)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 입도(粒度)가 다른 4종류(種類)의 시료(試料)를 사용(使用)하여 최적함수비(最適含水比)와 최대건조밀도(最大乾燥密度)로 다짐한 공시체(供試體)에 여러가지 선행압축하중(先行壓縮荷重)을 가(加)한 후(後) 직접전단시험(直接剪斷試驗)과 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 200번(番)체 통과율(通過率)이 증가(增加)함에 따라서 점착력(粘着力)은 일률적(一律的)으로 증가(增加)하였고, 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 감소(減少)하였으나 그 감소율(減少率)은 완만(緩慢)하였다. 2. 선행압축(先行壓縮)은 다짐 점성토(粘性土)의 전단강도(剪斷强度)를 증가(增加)시키는데, 점착력(粘着力)의 증가(增加)는 현저(顯著)하나 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 일률적(一律的)인 변화(變化)의 경향(傾向)이 나타나지 않았다. 3. 선행압축하중(先行壓縮荷重)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 응력일변위(應力一變位) 곡선(曲線)의 기울기는 초기(初期)에 급(急)하고, 수직변위(垂直變位)는 압축단계(壓縮段階)에서는 작았으나 팽창단계(膨脹段階)에서는 큰 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 4. 수평변위(水平變位)가 증가(增加)함에 따라서 전단시(剪斷時)의 수직응력(垂直應力)이 작은 경우에 응력비(應力比)(전단응력(剪斷應力)/수직응력(垂直應力))는 큰 값을 나타냈고 곡선(曲線)의 기울기도 급(急)하게 나타났다. 5. 직접전단시험(直接剪斷試驗)과 삼축압축시험결과(三軸壓縮試驗結果)를 종합(綜合)하면 동일조건(同一條件)의 시료(試料)에서 점착력(粘着力)은 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)에서, 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角)은 직접전단시험(直接剪斷試驗)에서 큰 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

When conducting CTOD test, especially in thick welded steel plate, fatigue pre-cracking occasionally failed to satisfy the requirements of standards thus making the test result invalid. Internally accumulated residual stress of test piece has been thought as one of the main reasons. The propagation of fatigue crack, started from the tip of machined notch, which might have propagated irregularly due to residual stress field. To overcome this kind of difficulty three methods to modify the residual stress are suggested in standard i.e. local compression, reverse bending and stepwise high-R ratio method. In this paper not only multi pass welding but also local pre-compressing process of thick steel plate has been simulated using finite element method for clarifying variation of internal welding residual stress. The simulated results show that welding residual stress is compressive in the middle section of the model and it is predominantly increased after machining the specimen. Comparing as-welded state all component of the welding residual stress changing to compressive in the tip of machine notch whereas residual stress of the outer area remain as tensile condition relatively. Analysis results also show that this irregular residual stress distribution is improved to be more uniformly by applying local compression.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2001년도 제22회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.187-192
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• 2001

A homogeneous premixed charge compression ignition engine is experimentally investigated for the reduction of exhaust emissions in diesel engines. In this study, the premixed fuel is injected into the intake manifold to form homogeneous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber and then this pre-mixture is ignited by small amount of diesel fuel directly injected into the cylinder. In the premixed charge compression ignition engine, NOx and smoke concentration of the exhaust emissions were reduced simultaneously as compared with the conventional diesel engine. But HC and CO emissions were increased with the increase of premixed ratio. The combustion characteristics of premixed charged diesel engine such as the power output, the rate of heat release, and the other characteristics are discussed.