• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.487-497
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• 1990

This study was carried out to observe in vitro effect of praziquantel on the tegumental changes of Heterophyopsis continua with scanning electron microscope. Metacercariae were collected from the perch, Lateolabrax japonicus, by artificial digestion technique and fed to 2-week old chickens. Adult worms were recovered from small intestine of chickens 8 days after infection. For working solutions, praziquantel was diluted with TC199 medium at concentration of 0.01, 0.1. 1 and $10{\mu}g/ml$. To each petri dish containing 10ml of solution, 5~10 worms were introduced and incubated at $37^{\circ}C$. For the scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the worms were fixed in cold 2.5% glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in a series of graded ethanol and freeze-dried. Dried specimen was mounted on stub and coated with gold and observed in an SEM. The results were as follows: 1. Severe tegumental alterations were recognized by scanning electron microscope. Bleb formation of tegument was observed in 5 minute group and most pronounced on anterior tegument of worms. The number and size of blebs increased as incubation time prolonged. 2. The surface destruction was more pronounced at ventral margin between the oral and the ventral suckers. 3. The sensory papillae were slightly affected, but destruction of tegumental spine was not recognized. 4. The effect of praziquantel on the worm was found dependent on the concentration and incubation time, however, the effect was more dependent upon the incubation time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2963-2966
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• 2013

Infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (OV) due to eating certain traditional freshwater fish dishes is the principal risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in Northeast Thailand where the infection is endemic and the incidence of this form of primary liver cancer has been the highest in the world. This paper is the second report of a prospective research project to monitor the impacts of a national liver fluke control programme in a rural community of Northeast Thailand. A sample of 684 villagers aged 20-65 years completed an interview questionnaire and were tested for infection using the Kato thick smear technique. The questionnaire was designed for the exploration of associations between OV infection, previous treatment with praziquantel, and knowledge and beliefs about the drug. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression. The overall prevalence of OV infection was 37.2% and was highest in the 20-35 year age group, in those with a university degree and in those employed in the government sector. As many as 91.8% reported eating fish dishes known to place them at risk of infection. In the multiple regression analysis, previous use of praziquantel and lack of knowledge about whether or not the drug has a protective effect against re-infection were the only factors related to OV infection ($OR_{adj}$= 2.31, 95%CI =1.40-3.79 and $OR_{adj}$= 1.95, 95%CI= 1.24-3.05). The findings were discussed in terms of the possibly unwise dependency on praziquantel as a primary element in a control programme.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.577-581
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• 2018

Schistosomiasis is prevalent in Nigeria, and the foremost pathogen is Schistosoma haematobium, which affects about 29 million people. Single dose of the drug praziquantel is often recommended for treatment but the efficacy has not been documented in certain regions. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the impact of single dose praziquantel treatment on S. haematobium infection among school children in an endemic community of South-Western Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from 434 school children and 10 ml was filtered through Nucleopore filter paper before examination for egg outputs by microscopy. The prevalence was 24.9% at pre-treatment. There was no statistically significant difference for the prevalence of infection between males (14.7%) and females (10.2%), although the mean egg count for the females (9.87) was significantly more (P<0.05) than the males (6.06). At 6 and 12 months post-treatment there was 74.4% and 86.4% reduction in the mean egg count, respectively. Interestingly, an increased prevalence of infection from 2.1% at 6 months to 7.7% at 12 months post-treatment was observed, nonetheless the mean egg count was reduced to 0.27 at 12th month from 1.98 at 6 months post-treatment. Resurgence in the prevalence rate between 6 and 12 months post-treatment with praziquantel is herein reported and the need for a follow-up treatment in endemic areas for adequate impact on schistosomiasis control is discussed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1988

이형흡층류의 하나인 Centrocestus armatus의 인체감염 1례가 praziquantel 투여후 성충을 수집, 동정함으로써 확인되었다. 환자는 42세 남자로 경남 산청군에 거주하였으며 상복부 통증, 설사, 소화불량 등을 호소하였다. 환자는 간흡충, 이형흡충류 및 극구흡충 충란 양성이었다. 장흡충류 치료를 위하여 praziquantel 10mg/kg를 투여하였고 MgSO4으로 설사를 유도하고 설사변을 입체해부현미경으로 검사한 바 C. armatus 성충 1마리와 극구흡충 유충 2마리가 수집되었다. 환자는 피라미 등 민물고기를 자주 생식하였다 하며 치료 2∼3주 전에도 피라미를 회로 먹었다고 한다. 따라서 피라미를 비롯한 민물고기가 C. armatus의 감염원이 되었을 것으로 추측되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.485-488
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• 2010

Purpose: Paragonimiasis is infectious disease occurred by Paragonimus Westermani, which invades into human body as a final host. Habitual eating the freshwater crab or crawfish unboiled is one of the reason of infection. Paragonimiasis raged in 1970s in Korea, Japan, China and other Asian countries but the incidence decreased rapidly. Once people eat infected second host, parasite penetrates the duodenal wall and migrates to the lung. During this migration period, the parasite can migrate to other organ, such as brain, spinal cord, liver and subcutaneous tissue, but the cases are rarely reported. The objective of our study is to present our experience of the ectopic migration of parasite to the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen, which was easily treated with excision and Praziquantel medication. Methods: A 59-year-old woman who likes eating unboiled freshwater crab was diagnosed as Paragonimiasis 15 months ago. Her symptoms were fever and cough, and she was treated with Praziquantel medication. 3 months after discharge, she visited our hospital with left pleuritic chest pain, cough with fever, and palpable mass formation on left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Wedge resection of the left lung and Praziquantel medication was maintained for a week. Nevertheless, fever persisted after the treatment. The patient received total excision of the abdominal soft tissue mass, and the fever was relieved. Results: Pathologic findings of the mass showed multiple cyst and abscess formation with crystal structure which is suspicious parts of the parasite or calcified egg shells. Uncontrolled fever was relieved after the operation, and there was no evidence of recurrent Paragonimiasis and ectopic migration for 1 year follow up period. Conclusion: Ectopic migration of Paragonimus is rare, but multiple organ can be involved. Patient with Paragominiasis who was refractory in fever control after Praziquantel medication or surgical evaluation of the lung should be considered as ectopic migration of the Paragonimiasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 2007

A cohort was established for evaluation of cancer risk factors in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. As one of the cohort studies, stools of 947 residents (403 males and 544 females, age range: 29-86 years) were screened for Clonorchis sinensis eggs using both Kato-Katz method and formalin-ether sedimentation technique. The overall egg positive rate of C. sinensis was 37.7% and individual EPG (eggs per gram of feces) counts ranged from 24 to 28,800. Eight egg positive residents voluntarily joined a process of collection of the passed worms after praziquantel treatment. A total of 158 worms were recovered from 5 of the 8 treated persons, ranged from 3 to 108 in each individual. The worms were $15-20 mm{\times}2-3 mm$ in size, and showed brown-pigmented, red, or white body colors. This is the first collection record of C. sinensis adult worms from humans through anthelmintic treatment and purgation. The adult worms of C. sinensis may be paralyzed by praziquantel and then discharged passively through bile flow in the bile duct and by peristaltic movement of the bowel.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 1991

High performance liquid chromatography를 이용하여 praziquantel 처리전후의 폐흡충(肺吸蟲)(Paragonimus westermani)내 가수분해(加水分解)시킨 아미노산과 유리(遊離)아미노산의 정량분석(定量分析)을 시도하였다. 폐흡충은 고양이에 인공감염시켜 얻었으며 시험관내 살충은 praziquantel $0.1{\mu}g/ml$ 농도인 인산완충액(燐酸緩衝液)에 살아 있는 폐흡충을 넣어 $37^{\circ}C$ 항온기에 6기간 동안 배양한 충체를 사용하였고, 실험 동물내 살충 충체는 praziquantel을 25mg/kg의 용량으로 하여 1일 3회 2일간 경구투약(經口投藥)하고 24시간 후에 폐로부터 충체를 수집하여 사용하였다. 이를 동결건조(凍結乾燥)시켜 1% Triton${\times}$100, 0.5M Potassium acetate가 함유된 50mM Tris-HCl(pH=7.5)에 넣어 homogenize시킨 뒤 $4^{\circ}C$에서 100,000G로 30분간 초원심분리(超遠心分離)하고 상청액(上淸液)을 얻어 시료(試料)로 사용하였다. 위의 시료를 가수분해하고 HPLC에서 각각의 아미노산으로 분리하여 254nm에서 흡광도(吸光度)로 검출하였다. 결과, 폐흡충을 가수분해하여 얻은 아미노산은 cystein, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, threonine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenvlalanine, tryptophan, lysin의 총 18종의 확인되었다. 정상 폐흡충은 wet weight lgm당 아미노산 825.88umol이 검출되었고 이 중 glutamic acid가 87.88umol로 가장 많았다. Tryptophan, cystein, methionine, histidine은 3.21~7.91umol로 소량 검출되었다. Praziquantel 처리후 가수분해 하여 얻은 아미노산의 량은 tryptophan을 제외하고는 일반적으로 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 유리(遊離)아미노산은 17종의 검출 되었으며 폐흡충 wet weight 1gm당 유리아미노산은 174.18umol이 검출되었다. 이중 glycine과 alanine이 24.25~24.59 umol로서 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다. Praziquantel 처리후 별다른 변화는 보이지 않았으나 전체에 대한 구성비로 볼 때, serine은 2.9%에서 5.0~5.5%로, arginine은 3.2%에서 4.5~5.8%로 각각 상승되었고, glutamic acid와 proline은 각각 8.8%, 10.9%로부터 6.2~7.1%, 3.7~6.0%로 감소되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.277-280
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• 1989

Stelldntthasntus falcatrts에 의한 인체감염 1례가 프라지콴텔 투여 후 충체를 수집함으로써 확진되었다. 환자는 서울에 거주하는 33세 남자로 복부 불쾌감과 공복통이 있다고 하였다. Formalin-ether 침전법으로 실시한 대변 검사에서 이형홉충류의 충란이 검출되어 프라지콴텔 600 mg을 1회 투여하고 1시간 후 황산 마그네슘 25 g으로 설사를 유도한 바 설사변에서 S. falcatus 17 마리와 H. nocens 14마리가 검출되었다. 치료 후 1개월에 실시한 대변검사에서는 충란이 검출되지 않았고 임상증상도 없어졌다고 하였다. 환자는 평소에 여러 종류의 생선회를 즐겨 먹었다고 하며 이들이 감염원일 것으로 추측된다. 이 중례는 S. felcatus의 국내 4번째 인체감염례에 해당된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2015

The structural change and distribution of mitochondrial enzyme (ATPase, cytochrome-c-oxidase), cell proliferation (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA), cell death (caspase-3) and cell growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 8, FGF-8) in the Sprague-Dawley rat bile duct during Clonorchis sinensis infection was investigated. Experimental groups were divided into C. sinensis infection, superinfection and reinfection of C. sinensis after 'praziquantel' treatment group. As a result, C. sinensis infected rat bile ducts showed the features of chronic clonorchiasis, i.e., connective tissue thickening, ductal fibrosis and epithelial tissue dilatation. PCNA for cell proliferation increased in the infection group, and decreased after praziquantel treatment. Caspase-3 was distributed in reinfection group only. FGF-8 was distributed in the rat bile duct after praziquantel treatment but not distributed in infection and reinfection group. Overall, C. sinensis infection causes physical and chemical irritations and then brings on the abnormalities of intracellular energy metabolism and cellular growth factors, which hinders bile duct tissue from functioning properly, and resultingly, fibrosis occurs and epithelial cells dilated abnormally. More intense infection makes tissue fibrosis chronical and activates apoptosis factors.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was 2-fold: 1) to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection in cats reared in Daegu, Republic of Korea and 2) to assess the efficacy and safety of a topical emodepside/praziquantel formulation for cats with parasitic infections. The gastrointestinal parasite infections were examined microscopically using the flotation method. Of 407 cats, 162 (39.8%) were infected by at least one gastrointestinal parasite, including Toxocara cati (63.0%), Toxascaris leonina (31.5%), Taenia taeniaeformis (3.7%), and Cystoisospora felis (1.9%). None of the infected animals had multiple infections. When the data were analyzed according to sex, age, and type of cat, stray cats showed statistically higher prevalence than companion cats (P<0.05). On the 5th day after treatment, no parasitic eggs were detected using microscopic examination. In addition, no adverse effects, such as abnormal behaviors and clinical symptoms, were observed in the cats treated with the drug. These results quantify the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cats in Daegu, Republic of Korea, and show that topical emodepside/praziquantel is a safe and effective choice for treating the parasitic infections in cats.