• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1998

Engineering methodology which is defined broadly as the various nontechnical knowledge such as design process and the personal skills such as creativity that an engineer must have to be a successful practitioner, is not sufficiently implemented in the present undergraduate engineering programs. A systematic design education model is proposed in this paper to teach the principles and art of engineering. First level design education is to introduce engineering process and cultivate student's creativity. Second one is to apply the knowledge of sciences, mathematics and engineering sciences to the solution of basic engineering problems. Third one is to solve a real-life problem.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.249-252
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• 2001

Total spinal anesthesia is a serious life threatening complication of spinal and epidural anesthesia. We report an accidental total spinal anesthesia developed during a thoracic epidural block in a practitioner's pain clinic. A 69-year-old female with post-herpetic neuralgia was treated by a thoracic epidural block. A thoracic tapping for the epidural block was performed in the right lateral position at a level between $T_{5-6}$, using a 23 gauge Tuohy needle. After the epidural space was identified, a mixed solution of 10 ml of 0.3% lidocaine and 20 mg of triamcinolone was injected into the epidural space. After removal of the syringe, fluid was dripping through the needle. The patient subsequently complained of dyspnea and dizziness, and she became unconscious. She was intubated immediately and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed because there was no pulse palpable. The patient recovered an hour after transfer to a general hospital and was discharged without any further complication 19 days later.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide fundamental information for a system establishment of advanced practice nursing for gynecological cancer patients (APN-GCP). Method: Data was collected by focus group and individual interviews and analyzed in the framework of the Grounded theory method mapped by Strauss and Corbin (1990). There were 13 subjects in this study (nurses, doctors, patient and her family). Result: We identified 87 concepts, 22 sub-categories, and 10 categories. Categories for role expectation were arrangement of diagnosis and treatment process, giving information of treatment course, support of treatment process, patients' right toward making a decision of treatment, counseling and teaching after discharge from hospital, medical insurance and financial problems, counseling about sexual problems and use of family and community resources. All subjects perceived the necessity of an APN-GCP. An APN-GCP requires over 2$\sim$7 years clinical experience and a master's degree. Services would be performed from initial registration to termination of treatment or death, and accomplished on an outpatient clinic basis. Conclusion: The nursing delivery system and curriculum should be developed for a women's health nurse practitioner including APN-GCP. As a further step, cost-effectiveness and projected estimation of manpower of APN-GCP should be studied in the future.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.189-208
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• 2014

In spite of its popularity among practitioner and academic audiences, few existing studies go into any detail in examining the mechanisms of creating shared value (CSV), especially as applicable to the context of everyday operations. Nor do they provide recommendations to practitioners with regard to facilitating CSV concept. In response to this problem, I introduce benefit-sharing practice which I argue provides a solid route to the concept of CSV. Based on observations from the case study, 10 networks' benefit-sharing practices are analyzed and its featured characteristics are extracted accordingly. Findings demonstrate that such benefit-sharing models as 'Green-Development', 'Protection of the Environment', and 'Accreditation for Food Safety Management' can solve critical societal challenges while simultaneously driving greater profitability for both buyers and suppliers. The findings also suggest that benefit-sharing is a good vehicle of the realization of the CSV concept. I conclude by assessing how the findings add to the existing debate around collaborative supply-relationship and shared value. I suggest that benefit-sharing can contribute positively to the feasibility of CSV concept and, thereby, counter the assertion that CSV is the only immature-concept that lacks clear criteria of demarcation and cases for businesses to follow.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2012

Biopsy is a type of histopathological examinations, in which a physician samples cells or tissues from a patient's suspicious lesion. Such a lesion frequently resides deep inside human body, and then a percutaneous biopsy is therefore performed using a thick needle with the assistance of medical imaging such as computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Recently modern robotic technology is being introduced to percutaneous biopsy in order to reduce any possible human error and hazard on physicians caused by medical imaging. After medical imaging locates the exact location of lesion, an optimization algorithm plans the path for a biopsy needle. Subsequently, a robot system moves the biopsy needle to the lesion in accurate and safe way with the control of a practitioner or automatically. In this article, we try to look into the state-of-art of percutaneous biopsy using such robotic technology. We classified percutaneous biopsy robots by mechanical characteristics and by imaging technology. Then, advantage and disadvantage of each class type are described as well as the basic description, and a few representative designs for each type are introduced. Current research issues of robotized percutaneous biopsy are subjectively selected for the readers' convenience. We emphasize the basic technology of actuator and sensors compatible with imaging technology to conclude this review.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.116-125
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• 2019

The Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP) involves a combinatorial optimization problem where new customer demands become known over time, and old routes must be reconfigured to generate new routes while executing the current solution. We consider the high level of dynamism problem. An application of highly dynamic DVRP is the ambulance service where a patient contacts the service center, followed by an evaluation of case severity, and a visit by a practitioner/ ambulance is scheduled accordingly. This paper considers a variant of the DVRP and proposes a decentralized algorithm in which collaborators (Depot and Vehicle), both have only partial information about the entire system. The DVRP is modeled as a periodic re optimization of VRP using the proposed decentralized algorithm where collaborators exchange local information to achieve the best global objective for the current state of the system. We assume the existence of a dispatcher e.g., headquarter of the company who can communicate to vehicles in order to gather information and assigns the new visits to them. The effectiveness of the proposed decentralized coordination algorithm is further evaluated using benchmark data given in literature. The results show that the proposed method performed better than the compared algorithms which utilize the centralized coordination in 12 out of 21 benchmark problems.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.241-257
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• 2014

The modern development in design of airships and aerostats has led to unconventional configurations quite different from the classical ellipsoidal and spherical ones. This new class of air-vehicles presents a mass-to-volume ratio that can be considered very similar to the density of the fluid displaced by the vehicle itself, and as a consequence, modeling and simulation should consider the added masses in the equations of motion. The concept of added masses deals with the inertia added to a system, since an accelerating or decelerating body moving into a fluid displaces a volume of the neighboring fluid. The aim of this paper is to provide designers with the added masses matrix for more than twenty Lighter Than Air vehicles with unconventional shapes. Starting from a CAD model of a given shape, by applying a panel-like method, its external surface is properly meshed, using triangular elements. The methodology has been validated by comparing results obtained with data available in literature for a known benchmark shape, and the inaccuracies of predictions agree with the typical precision required in conceptual design. For each configuration, a CAD model and a related added masses matrix are provided, with the purpose of assisting the practitioner in the design and flight simulation of modern airships and scientific balloons.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.246-255
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• 2014

Purpose: Along the process of organ transplantation, coordinators perform complex professional roles, playing as a key person among recipients, donors, family members and medical staffs. The purpose was to analyze the tasks of organ transplantation coordinators using DACUM method and to establish the basis for standardizing them in accordance with relevant laws and systems. Methods: Participants were consisted of 78 transplantation coordinators working at the medical centers in Korea. The questionnaire was administered to analyze the criticality, difficulty and frequency of task elements. Results: The job of organ transplantation was classified into five duties, 13 tasks, and 84 task elements. The five duties were recipient management, donor management, organ donation activation management, organ transplantation administration, and professional capability development. On the four-point scale: donor management was the duty with the highest criticality (3.68), organ donation activation management was the duty of highest difficulty (2.96), and recipient management was the duty of the highest frequency (3.32). Conclusion: This study will be useful for developing an educational program and as a reference of nurse practitioner qualifying examination. It is necessary to develop a comprehensive educational program for transplantation coordinators in order to support them to take their complex roles successfully.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.965-973
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a self-care program for elders with osteoarthritis managed by primary health care workers, Community Health Practitioners (CHPs), in rural Korea. Methods: The self-care program, consisting of 7 areas, was evaluated with a randomized experimental study for patients over age 60 with osteoarthritis in which 150 participants in the experimental group and 140 in the control group were compared. The self-care program was implemented for six weeks, 2 hours per week, at community health posts by CHPs. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire given by the CHPs and laboratory tests before and after the intervention for both groups. Propensity score matching analysis was done to test effectiveness after controlling for confounding variables. Results: The intervention group showed a significant decrease in the number of painful joints (p<.001) and a significant increase in self-care ability (p<.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Study results indicate that training and utilizing primary health care workers in rural areas is valuable in increasing the generalization and continuity of intervention programs. As arthritis should be managed life-long, CHP directed self-care programs are useful interventions for rural elders with arthritis to learn self-care management.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

Many therapeutic modalities including continuous positive airway pressure, surgery, and oral appliances are used to treat patients with sleep-disordered breathing. However, there are no definitive treatment modalities for individual patients due to various causes of sleep-disordered breathing. Clinicians should have select best options for individual patients and it is quite challenging process. Oral appliances attracted clinical attention for its convenience and safety. Several designs of oral appliances are introduces such as soft palate lifter, tongue retaining device, and various appliances which aimed to mandibular advancement. Among these oral appliances, mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are considered the most excellent based on their effectiveness and patient tolerance. Although MADs are not guarantee dramatic outcome and less consistent than continuous positive airway pressure, they offer several advantages over continuous positive airway pressure and surgical methods, including non-invasiveness, silence, portability, and tolerability, simplicity. Therefore, general dental practitioner who had passed sleep dental curriculum or coursework can treat the patients with sleep problems. This article reviews the history, clinical indications, suggested mechanism of actions, various positive effects and several side effects, factors predicting a favorable outcome, determining amounts of mandibular advancement, compliance and long-term efficacy of MADs use.