• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

This research compared the features of respiration and phonation between practical musicology students and general male students, according to their smoking status. Participants of this research are 15 practical musicology male students attending ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university and 16 general ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university students. The participants, both non-smokers and smokers with 5-years of smoking history have no history of voice disease in any case and have normal cognitive functions. The results indicated that, first, there is not a notable difference in the respiratory activity status(FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC), regardless of major and smoking status. In MPT, even though there is no significant difference in accordance with their majors, considering smoking status, the smoker group was shorter than non-smoker group significant difference statistically (p<.01). Second, the divisions of participants' major did not show significant difference in Fo, jitter, shimmer, and NHR in the vowel prolongation task. However, the smoker group showed a significantly higher degree of jitter and shimmer than the non-smoker group (p<.05) as Fo and NHR shows no difference. In the case of VRP, maximum frequency and frequency range of the practical group are significantly higher than normal group statistically (p<.001). Moreover, although the difference of the minimum frequency shown at the statistic is not significant, practical group showed a higher tendency of frequency than normal group (p=.051). In conclusion, even though there is no difference in respiratory activity between the smoker group and non-smoker group, the MPT of the smoker group is shorter than that of non-smoker group. In addition, the smoker group showed a higher degree of jitter and shimmer than the non-smoker group. MPT is related to the valve action of vocal fold that passes through the glottis. Thus, it is interpreted that the smoker group has a lower quality of voice and valve action of the vocal fold. Also, the practical group has a higher degree of maximum frequency and frequency range than the normal group. This research can function as basic data for vocal characteristics for the majors in relation to the voice-specializing.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

There are a lot of interest and research on practical area of marine leisure but few research on fundamental area. We need to suggest the theoretical basis on the merit of marine leisure. The author analyzed in visual and audio informations of seashore environment based on psychology of emotion aesthetically and musically. As a results, Peoples could get affirmative emotion through participating in seashore relaxation and changed their negative emotion into affirmative.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2023

The willingness of online music users to pay is the key to the protection of music copyright and the sustainable development of the industry. This paper aims to study the influencing factors of online music users' willingness to pay based on exploratory analysis. Based on the theory of customer perceived value, the unified theory of technology acceptance and use, and the theory of fan enthusiasm, the research model is constructed. Validate the obtained 583 valid data. Through analysis, I got that perceived value, interpersonal influence, fan enthusiasm, and personal payment awareness directly affect online music users' willingness to pay; practical value and hedonic value have a positive impact on perceived value, and the impact of economic cost and compilation cost has not reached a significant level; Online word-of-mouth negatively moderates the impact of perceived value on users' willingness to pay for music. Music platforms can formulate operating policies based on this.