• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance in WSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. In this study, we have modified the ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme, which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC) mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2018

Establishment of an efficient routing technique in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) based mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a new challenge in wireless communication system to communicate in a complex terrain where permanent infrastructure network implementation is not possible. Due to limited power of mobile nodes, a minimum power consumed routing (MPCR) algorithm is developed which is an integration of cooperative transmission process. This algorithm select relay node and support short distance communication. The performance analysis of proposed routing algorithm increased signal to noise interference ratio (SNIR) resulting effect of cooperative transmission. Finally performance analysis of the proposed algorithm is verified with simulated result.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.7B
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• pp.886-891
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• 2011

Multicast has been a key routing service for efficient data dissemination in underwater acoustic sensor networks. In sensor networks, there are several multicast routing protocol which reflects sensor network nature. However, existing routing scheme was not targeted at underwater acoustic sensor networks which is hard to provide battery continually. Therefore, a specialized routing algorithm is essential for acoustic sensor networks. In this paper, we propose angle aided multicast routing algorithm for decreasing routing computation complexity, including virtual Euclidean Steiner point. Simulation results show better performance than exist routing Position Based Multicast, Geographic Multicast Routing. such as low computation capability and limited power consumption.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.716-720
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• 2006

In this paper, we designed and proposed new routing algorithm that can support a variety of vital-sign traffic characteristic and could be applicable to USN for telemedicine by using adaptive transmission power level and increase frequency of routing request message. In proposed routing algorithm, when an emergency vital-sign traffic is applied, we use large transmission power to reduce route query response time and make the priority order in route process. On the other hand, for non emergency vital-sign traffic, we use low transmission power and adaptive decrease frequency of routing request message. which is insensitive to delay. The proposed scheme should be better QoS performance in complex USN than conventional method, which is performed based on uniform transmission power level.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to extend Ad-hoc network system lifetime with the proposed routing protocol which has considered hop lifetimes of the nodes while guaranteeing QoS in the establishment process of Ad-hoc network communication paths. Based on another power aware routing system that proposed in the advanced research [1], we are proposing an alternative power aware routing system in which nodes' hop lifetimes are compared in order to extend the lifetime of an Ad-hoc network system and delay factors have been considered for the assurance of QoS. The research of the routing protocol in this paper, which aims to maximize the system survival time considering power consumption status during the path searching in MANET and pursues the mechanism that controls hop delays for the same reason, can be applied to the study of WSN. The study concerning such phenomena is essential so that the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified with NS-2 in Linux system focusing on the lifetimes of the hops of the nodes. Commercialization of smart devices and arrival of the ubiquitous age has brought about the world where all the people and things are connected with networks. Since the proposed power aware method and the hop delay control mechanism used to find the adequate communication paths in MANET which mainly uses batteries or in WSN, they can largely contribute to the lifetime extension of the network system by reducing power consumptions when utilized for the communications attempts among soldiers during military operation, disaster areas, temporary events or exhibitions, mobile phone shadow areas, home networks, in-between vehicle communications and sense networks, etc. This paper presents the definitions and some advantages regarding the proposed outing protocol that sustain and extend the lifetime of the networks.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose an energy-aware source routing protocol for maximizing a network lifetime in mobile ad hoc network environments. The proposed routing protocol is based on the source routing and chooses a path that maximize the path lifetime, by considering both transmit/receive power consumption and residual battery power in the mobile nodes from the perspective of source-destination end-to-end. This paper proposes a new routing cost and designs a new routing protocol for minimizing the control packet overhead occurred during the route discovery. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has similar performances to the conventional routing schemes in terms of the number of transmission hops, transmission rate and total energy consumption, but achieves the performance improvement of 20 percent with respect to the lifetime.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.910-917
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• 2016

Sensors have limited resources in sensor networks, so efficient use of energy is important. Representative clustering methods, LEACH, LEACHC, TEEN generally use direct transmission methods from cluster headers to the sink node to pass collected data. However, the communication distance of the sensor nodes at low cost and at low power is not long, it requires a data transfer through the multi-hop to transmit data to the sink node. In the existing cluster-based sensor network studies, cluster process and route selection process are performed separately in order to configure the routing path to the sink node. In this paper, in order to use the energy of the sensor nodes that have limited resources efficiently, a cluster-based multi-hop routing protocol which merges the clustering process and routing process is proposed. And the proposed method complements the problem of uneven cluster creation that may occur in probabilistic cluster methods and increases the energy efficiency of whole sensor nodes.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.922-931
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• 2012

With the increasing demands for mobile wireless sensor networks in recent years, designing an energy-efficient clustering and routing protocol has become very important. This paper provides an analytical model to evaluate the power consumption of a mobile sensor node. Based on this, a clustering algorithm is designed to optimize the energy efficiency during cluster head formation. A genetic algorithm technique is employed to find the near-optimal threshold for residual energy below which a node has to give up its role of being the cluster head. This clustering algorithm along with a hybrid routing concept is applied as the near-optimal energy-efficient routing technique to increase the overall efficiency of the network. Compared to the mobile low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol, the simulation studies reveal that the energy-efficient routing technique produces a longer network lifetime and achieves better energy efficiency.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2016

The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is an internet protocol based routing protocol developed and standardized by IETF in 2012 to support a wide range of applications for low-power and lossy-networks (LLNs). In LLNs consisting of resource-constrained devices, the energy consumption of battery powered sensing devices during network operations can greatly impact network lifetime. In the case of inefficient route selection, the energy depletion from even a few nodes in the network can damage network integrity and reliability by creating holes in the network. In this paper, a composite energy-aware node metric ($RER_{BDI}$) is proposed for RPL; this metric uses both the residual energy ratio (RER) of the nodes and their battery discharge index. This composite metric helps avoid overburdening power depleted network nodes during packet routing from the source towards the destination oriented directed acyclic graph root node. Additionally, an objective function is defined for RPL, which combines the node metric $RER_{BDI}$ and the expected transmission count (ETX) link quality metric; this helps to improve the overall network packet delivery ratio. The COOJA simulator is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulations show encouraging results for the proposed scheme in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption, when compared to the most popular schemes for RPL like ETX, hop-count and RER.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2016

WiMedia provides the data rate of up to 1Gbps, but the transmission range is restricted to approximately 10 meters. When constructing a multi-hop WiMedia network to extend its coverage, conventional hop-based routing may not guarantee satisfactorily the required QoS. We propose two QoS routing techniques for the WiMedia-based wireless mesh network. The proopsed QoS routing reflects the characteristics of TDMA-based WiMedia MAC and develops QoS extensions separately for on-demand routing and table-driven routing. Through simulations, we identify that the QoS routing shows better performance than the hop-based routing. It also turns out that the QoS on-demand routing and the QoS table-driven routing show conflicting performance results depending on the transmission power.