• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.46 no.12
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes a VLSI architecture of CAVLC hardware decoder which is a tool eliminating statistical redundancy in H.264/AVC video compression. The previous CAVLC hardware decoder used four stages to decode five code symbols. The previous CAVLC hardware architectures decreased decoding performance because there was an unnecessary idle cycle in between state transitions. Likewise, the computation of valid bit length includes an unnecessary idle cycle. This paper proposes hardware architecture to eliminate the idle cycle efficiently. Two methods are applied to the architecture. One is a method which eliminates an unnecessary things of buffers storing decoded codes and then makes efficient pipeline architecture. The other one is a shifter control to simplify operations and controls in the process of calculating valid bit length. The experimental result shows that the proposed architecture needs only 89 cycle in average for one macroblock decoding. This architecture improves the performance by about 29% than previous designs. The synthesis result shows that the design achieves the maximum operating frequency at 140Mhz and the hardware cost is about 11.5K under a 0.18um CMOS process. Comparing with the previous design, it can achieve low-power operation because this design is implemented with high throughputs and low gate count.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out how sleep characteristics by Sasang constitution (SC) appear in Vietnamese immigrant women in Korea, and how sleep aberration by SC affected the quality of life. The number of 217 Vietnamese immigrant women joined this study. We surveyed SC with Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15) and sleep characteristics with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) questionnaire. We evaluated quality of life(QoL) with Euro Quality of Life-5Dimension(EQ 5D) questionnaire. A Chi-square test and a one-way ANOVA test were conducted according to SC, and T test also used to compare PSQI groups. Significant p was .05. The number(rate) of Taeeumin(TE), Soeumin(SE), and Soyangin(SY) were 40(18.4%), 55(25.3%), and 122(56.2%) respectively. The distribution of obstructive factors of sleep were significantly different according to SC(Too Cold in Sleeping, x =13.378, p=.037, Too Hot in Sleeping x²=12.834, p=.046). The distribution of daytime drowsiness(x²=15.379, p=.018) and falling concentration power (x²=17.533, p=.008) was significantly different according to SC. The sleep status of the subjects showed a significant negative correlation with the EQ 5D Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) (r =-.399, p<.001), and the EQ 5D Index (r=-.211, p=.002). In the EQ VAS, TE showed a difference between the good and bad sleeping groups (t=3.955, p<.001). SE showed a difference between the two groups in the EQ 5D Index (t=2.332, p=.037). SY did not show a difference between the two groups. This study reveals that sleeping is closely related with QoL and distribution of obstructive factors of sleep may be different according to SC. Further study to confirm the constitutional difference in race at Vietnam is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2016

March 11, 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident has occurred, the last four years, his is the current state of anxiety remains on the consumer. Therefore, 2015 the current progress continues to have continued research for the purpose of resolving the insecurity of fishery in the country. We measured the radiation of the origin of fishery products, by 2015, research was carried out through a number of references to get additional data or studies that influence this to some degree. Create a consumer and one for the seller for the survey to find out the thoughts of both consumers and sellers on fisheries was to create the statistics by direct survey in 2014 year survey meter using PM1405 equipment dynamics of several species of aquatic origin in accordance with the (Taiwan, China, Russia), mackerel, pomfret, hairtail, saury, shrimp, squid measurements of radiation were investigated. The measurement in 2014 was $0.043{\sim}0.073{\mu}Sv/h$. The seller influenced the survey (90%) on fishery products sales, consumer safety, without this fishery (90%), radioactive contamination very high (28%) and the polarization was not as nearly 72%. The study of the stability of the radiation determined by the radiation levels of the aquatic marine products in a comparison the radiation levels result was determined in ICRP below the standard value (1 mSv/y).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.368-373
• /
• 1998

As device dimensions approach submicrometer size in ULSI, the demand for interlayer dielectric materials with very low dielectric constant is increased to solve problems of RC delay caused by increase in parasitic resistance and capacitance in multilevel interconnectins. Fluorinated amorphous carbon in one of the promising materials in ULSI for the interlayer dielectric films with low dielectric constant. However, poor thermal stability and adhesion with Si substrates have inhibited its use. Recently, amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) film as a buffer layer between the Si substrate and a-C:F has been introduced because it improves the adhesion with Si substrate. In this study, therfore, a-C:F/a-C:H films were deposited on p-type Si(100) by ECRCVD from $C_2F_6, CH_4$and $H_2$gas source and investigated the effect of forward power and composition on the thickness, chemical bonding state, dielectric constant, surface morphology and roughness of a-C:F films as an interlayer dielectric for ULSI. SEM, FT-IR, XPS, C-V meter and AFM were used for determination of each properties. The dielectric constant in the a-C:F/a-C:H films were found to decrease with increasing fluorine content. However, the dielectric constant increased after furnace annealing in $N_2$atomosphere at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1hour due to decreasing of flurorine content. However, the dielectric constant increased after furnace annealing in $N_2$atmosphere at $400^{\circ}C$ for 1hour due to decreasing of fluorine concentration.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.703-716
• /
• 2010

It has recently been considered urgent to establish an accurate definition and scope of functional foods in the livestock industry in Korea. The tertiary function of food is gradually emphasized with various changes in conditions such as international competitive power enhancement of the whole world, including Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was carried out to gather basic information toward the establishment of standardization, management plans, and a system adapted to the Korean state through researching management systems of functional meat and meat products in the European Union (EU) and the Oceania Area (OA). A brief summary of this study is as follows. In the EU and OA, special management systems and laws about functional livestock and products were once nonexistent; only 'nutrition claims' and 'health claims' operated in the nutritional consolidation side of foods. Also, it was once thought that functional index materials and permissions established in the application of functional products sufficed, because management standards for enriched food were not established. Therefore, standardization of functional live stock products needs to be considered based on the case of developed countries in the EU and OA. It also seems that the above functional indicative substances can be applied, based on normal standards of indicative substances of functional products and the normal standards of indicators of functional substances added to livestock products presented in this study.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.165-184
• /
• 2005

Japan has remained a welfare laggard among advanced industrial democracies. Therefore, the introduction of the public long-term care insurance(koteki kaigo hoken in Japanese) in April of 2000 looks very unique in terms of the Japanese social security tradition, because it can be interpreted as the expansion of social security system and the weakening of the market power over the livelihood of the ordinary people. In the era of globalization, in which even the highly developed welfare states are forced to shrink their social security systems, Japan, a welfare laggard, looks like being headed to the opposite direction. This article aims to define the character of the public long-term care insurance, and thereby, to evaluate the recent social policy of the Japanese government. This study follows the social democratic model in the study of the welfare state development, which assumes that, under the condition of a weak social democratic party and a fragmented labor movement, the introduction of the long-term care insurance is not equal to the improvement of the Japanese social security system. The main argument of this article is that the long-term care insurance, notwithstanding its appearance as an expansion of public sphere, is part of market-oriented neo-liberal social reforms, which have remained the main feature of the Japanese social policies since the mid-1970's. For this, this study will do a longitudinal analysis on the social consequences of the long-term care insurance incurred to the Japanese social security system for the long-term care, focusing on the income redistribution, the marketization of long-term care sector and the changes in the financial burden of the government, social insurers and general citizens.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.67 no.4
• /
• pp.251-277
• /
• 2015

This qualitative study is designed for the reconstruction of the experience of single mothers in poverty based on the bottom-up approach. Welfare dependency is identified as vital help to protect their own and children's lives, through their stories telling that welfare services provided by government and community take care of them "in place of their husbands", and "raise them up by hand." What is self-sufficiency to them is more of a process-orientation through welfare dependency than a state out of it, and a way to look through building their self-esteem and working to discover their self-worth except their economic power. Restoring their potential to self-sufficiency through dealing with their psycho-social stresses and expanding services for them related to child-care(education) and occupation ability development for long-term self-sufficiency, rather than hasty focusing on welfare exit, should be built on the foundation of helping them self-sufficient. In order for the self-sufficiency program to overcome the participant's images of "subordination and stigma" and to convey the original meaning of "welfare to work", the performance and evaluation system of self-sufficiency programs that reflects the insider's perspectives on their participation motive and process, and the self-sufficiency program customized for their needs and interests should be encouraged to develop.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.253-265
• /
• 1994

The hydraulic-geometrica1 relations between the riverbed slope and water discharge and other hydraulic variables in some selected alluvial rivels in Korea have been investigated. The rivers from which the data relevant to this study were collected are mainly the first tributaries, considered to be mostly in the equilibrium state, of the 10 major rivers in Korea. The investigating methods adopted in this study are similar to the one suggested by Leopold and Maddock and the one suggested by Garde. All of 18 rivers their drainage areas of which range between 100-2,000 $\textrm{km}^2$ were considered and the changes in riverbed slope, drainage area, bed material size along the downstream river distance were measured. It is found in this study that the change in the riverbed slope, S, along the downstream can be expressed in terms of the coefficient, $\beta$, expressing the change in the drainage area along the downstream and the drainage area, A, by an empirical relation as 0.0063 0.0063 S = $S_{ 0}$ $A_{0}$$^{-------- +0.51}$A-$^{-------- -0.51}$. $\beta$ $\beta$ According to this relation, the riverbed slope of the river reaches investigated in this study appear to be proportional to the -0.6th power of the drainage area. This result is consistent with the previous ones obtained by Hack.k.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.1083-1091
• /
• 2016

This research uses public transportation card data to analyze the inter-regional transfer times, transfer frequencies, and transfer resistance that passengers experience during transit amongst the metropolitan public transportation modes. Currently, mode transfers between bus and rail are recorded up to five times during one transit movement by Trip Chain, facilitating greater comprehension of intermodal movements. However, lack of information on what arises during these transfers poses a problem in that it leads to an underestimation of transfer resistances on the Trip Chain. As such, a path choice model that reflects passenger movements during transit activities is created, which attains explanatory power on transfer resistance through its inclusion of transfer times and frequencies. The methodology adopted in this research is to first conceptualize the idea of metropolitan public transportation transfer, and in the case that mode transfers include the city-rail, to newly conceptualize the idea of transfer resistance using transportation card data. Also, the city-rail path choice model within the Trip Chain is constructed, with transfer time and frequency used to reevaluate transfer resistance. Further, in order to align bus and city-rail station administrative level small-zone coordinates to state and regional level mid-zone coordinates, the big node methdod is utilized. Finally, case studies on trip chains using at least one transfer onto the city-rail is used to determine the validity of the results obtained.

• Journal of Drive and Control
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.60-70
• /
• 2015

A front-end loader (FEL) mounted on an agricultural tractor is one of the most commonly used implements for farm work. However, when the tractor carries material using the bucket attached to the FEL on a sloping ground, the materials can spill or roll back over the operator due to the tilted body, thereby requiring the bucket surface to remain level at a constant value regardless of varying slopes. In this study, an active system for controlling the angle of the FEL bucket on a tractor based on the real-time measurement of ground slopes was developed to enable the bucket to constantly remain level. A FEL simulator operated based on an electro hydraulic proportional valve (EHPV) was constructed in the laboratory to develop a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller forming a virtual electronic control unit (ECU) on the computer, which could automatically adjust the bucket angles depending on varying input angles while sending SAE-J1939 associated messages via CAN BUS to the EHPV. The different parameter values for the PID controller due to the gravity effect of the bucket were determined using a manual PID tuning method while assuming that the tractor travels on either an ascending slope or a descending slope. The developed PID control-based self-leveling system showed a mean of steady-state errors of within $1^{\circ}$ and a mean of delayed times of ~ 0.8s when the step input of $+20^{\circ}$ was given, implying that the developed system and control algorithm would be effective in maintaining the bucket angle at a certain value. Future studies include the improvement of the control algorithm to reduce such a time delay as well as the application of the developed algorithm to the FEL mounted on a tractor tested at a testing ground.