• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

Since the 2000s, to start inducement of SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitrification facility by large scale companies which are emitted large amount of nitrogen oxides such as power plants, combined heat and power plant, incinerators and chemical plants due to take effect the regulation of stationary sources of nitrogen oxide(NOx), and the total amount of discharged pollutants, such as regulatory gradually emissions regulations are being strengthened and the expanded coverage due to the use of SCR denitrification catalyst is a growing trend. Since 2010 due to the new catalysts to replace the already installed power plants and incinerators due to inactive, and catalytic denitrification SCR waste catalyst waste as a resource rather than the development of technologies for recycling situation is urgently needed. In this study, analyzed paper and patent for recycling technologies of waste catalyst. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EP), Japan (JP), Korea (KR) and SCI journals from 1975 to 2012. Patents and journals were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and journals was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.633-643
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is aimed to help the dental hygiene department students to improve their adaptive ability to the field work by letting them know the performing levels required of the job world, by renovating the knowledge-centered curriculum, and by finding out the core competencies needed for successfully performing their duties and tasks in the work field. Methods : The survey tool was recomposed through the examination of the preceeding studies on basic vocational competencies and skills, and the survey has been done to 200 dentists in Seoul and Gyunggi provice. Results : 1. As for the job-getting routs, 35.1% of them finds their jobs through the job portal sites, and 21.3% through the recommendation by professors. So we can see the meaningful difference in the employment ways. 2. Dental hygiene clinics think that the purpose of their cooperation with the colleges is mainly to secure human resources by requiring the colleges to give field-centered education the colleges through. 3. The clinics for dental hygienic students' field learning have a great power for hiring the students. So it is necessary to set up a good management system of the clinics for dental hygienic students' field learning in order to reinforce the students' competitive power in getting jobs. 4. The priorities in basic working abilities needed for the task performance are in the order of vocational responsibility, self-managing & developing ability, interpersonal skill, and problem solving ability. 5. The core competencies required of those who graduate from dental hygiene school show the following scores by Likert measurement; good personality and vocational consciousness 2.16(${\pm}.677$), understanding power of major-related knowledge 2.19(${\pm}.723$), field adapting ability 2.31(${\pm}.748$), get-along-with ability 2.32(${\pm}.799$), interpersonal skill 2.42(${\pm}.768$), and self-development ability such as getting certificates 2.43(${\pm}.729$). Among the core competencies, the only meaningful factor which influences on their satisfaction measurement has been identified as the professional ability related to the major. Conclusions : The results suggest that the knowledge and skill related to the major are core competencies of able human resources and closely related with the professionality of the job, and so they are very important. However, job basic abilities are also proved to be important, which reinforce the students' activeness, self-regulation, and creativeness, and help them to pursue their lasting growth in their abilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

This paper presents a three phase Line-Interactive uninterruptible power supply(UPS) system with dual converter structure. The three phase UPS system consists of two active power compensator topologies. One is a series active compensator, which works as a voltage source in phase with the source voltage to have the sinusoidal source current and high power factor under the deviation and distortion of the source voltage. The other is a parallel active compensator, which works as a conventional sinusoidal voltage source in phase with the source voltage, providing to the load a regulated and sinusoidal voltage with low total harmonic distortion(THD). This paper presents in the series and parallel active compensator charging method depending on the amplitude of the source voltage. The conventional Line-Interactive UPS system is responsible for the DC charging and output voltage regulation at the same time, but UPS system with dual converter structure, a series active compensator can also charge the DC link. Therefore the charging algorithm using the series and parallel compensator needs to be researched. Therefore, by making the DC link voltage stable it can contribute the stability of series and parallel compensator. The simulation and experimental result are depicted in this paper to show the effect of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.568-574
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• 2020

Recently, the installation of energy storage systems (ESSs) that have a range of functions, such as power stabilization of renewable energy sources, demand control, and frequency regulation, has been increasing annually. On the other hand, since the fire accident of ESS occurred at Gochang Power Test Center in August 2017, 29 fire accidents with significant property losses have occurred, including the Gyeongsan substation and Kunsan PV power plant. Because these fire accidents of ESS are arisen regardless of the season and capacity of ESS, an analysis of the fault characteristics in ESS is required to confirm the causes of the fire accidents accurately and ensure the safety of the ESS. This paper proposes the modeling of ESS using PSCAD/EMTDC S/W to identify the fault characteristics and ensure the safety of the ESS. From the simulation results of fault characteristics based on various scenarios, it is clear that the insulation of ESS may be breakdown due to the largely occurring CMV (common mode voltage). Furthermore, the CMV between the PCS and battery can be reduced, and the insulation breakdown of ESS can be prevented if an SPD (surge protect device) is installed in the battery and PCS sides, respectively.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2016

The neutron activation inventories in reactor vessel and its internals, and bio-shield of a PWR nuclear power plant were calculated to evaluate the effect of impurity elements contained in the structural materials on the activation inventory. Carbon steel is, in this work, used as the reactor vessel material, stainless steel as the reactor vessel internals, and ordinary concrete as the bio-shield. For stainless steel and carbon steel, one kind of impurity concentration was employed, and for ordinary concrete five kinds were employed in this study using MCNP5 and FISPACT for the calculation of neutron flux and activation inventory, respectively. As the results, specific activities for the cases with impurity elements were calculated to be more than twice than those for the cases without impurity elements in stainless and carbon steel. Especially, the specific activity for the concrete material with impurity elements was calculated to be 30 times higher than that without impurity. Neutron induced reactions and activation inventories in each material were also investigated, and it is noted that major radioactive nuclide in steel material is Co-60 from cobalt impurity element, and, in concrete material, Co-60 and Eu-152 from cobalt and europium impurity elements, respectively. The results of this study can be used for nuclear decommissioning plan during activation inventory assessment and regulation, and it is expected to be used as a reference in the design phase of nuclear power plant, considering the decommissioning of nuclear power plants or nuclear facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

In this paper, the proposed full-bridge high frequency isolated zoo voltage and zero current switching phase shifted pulse width modulation(ZVZCS PS-PWM)DC-DC converter among fuel cell generation system consist of 1.2[kW] fuel cell of Nexa Power Module, full-bridge DC-DC converter to boost the fuel cell low voltage($28{\sim}43[%]$) to 380[VDC] and a single phase full-bridge inverter is implemented to produce AC output(220[VAC], 60[Hz]). A tapped inductor filter with freewheeling diode is newly implemented in the output filter of the proposed full-bridge high frequency isolated ZVZCS PS-PWM DC-DC converter to suppress circulating current under the wide output voltage regulation range, thus to eliminate the switching and transformer turn-on/off over-short voltage or transient phenomena. Besides the efficiency of $93{\sim}97[%]$ is obtained over the wide output voltage regulation ranges and load variations.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2016

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation from the sun is the primary environmental factor that causes skin damages including skin cancer and premature skin aging. Because, even the most powerful sunscreen can't always afford enough protection, it is necessary to enhance the defensive power of skin against UV. Recently, constitutive photomorphogenic protein-1 (COP1) has shown to contribute to the regulation of UVB response of keratinocytes. In this study, we represent that COP1 and its associated protein, de-etiolated 1 (DET1), might participate in photoaging process in human skin as Arabidopsis COP1 does sun-protective function in plants. After UVB irradiation, the decrease of COP1 and DET1 mRNA expression was followed by the increase of c-Jun total protein. Moreover, transfection with DNA vectors expressing COP1 and DET1 down-regulated the c-Jun total protein. We found that Zanthoxylum piperitum extract (ZE) up-regulated the expression of COP1 and DET1 on human keratinocytes, and inhibited the expression of MMP1 which is one of the genes regulated by c-Jun signal. In addition, ZE has been reported to stimulate PPAR-${\alpha}$ and strengthen the skin barrier. We found that ZE decreased the UVB-induced IL-6 and IL-8 in NHEK cells. In human study, ZE protected skin against UV-B induced erythema and erythema-induced pigmentation. These results indicate that ZE could be useful for the protection against the adverse effects of UV irradiation through various mechanisms.

• Journal of Sasang Constitution and Immune Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-68
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• 1996

This thesis is a try for examining the historical characteristics of Constiutional medicine. For this purpose, I have examined their theory, and made a comparison carefully. Through this study, I have obtained several results as following. Both Chang and Lee lived in the time of change, which was unstable and uncertain. Under the condition, they both rejected following the existing trends of learned circles, and developed new thoughts and clinical techniques. They rejected superstitious beliefs and fatalism, and conducted the pursuit of experimental knowledge and rationale idea. Clinical experience was the very base of their study. They both criticized the bad habits of abuse of tonifing medication and health seeking. Especially Lee regarded control of emotion and regulation of a way of life as the best way for preservation of one's health. Chang regarded pathogenic factors as the ultimate factor of diseases, and strived for eliminating pathogenic factors, but L brought to a conclusion that the final factor of diseases was what is called "heart" itself, and emotional changes were the most essential causes of disease. It can be said that the pathogenesis insisted by Chang can be called The insistence that pathologic factors are the very etiology of all the disease (邪氣致病論), or all the diseases result from pathologic factors. And his whole remedy can be summarized as following, A study on the method of eliminating pathogenic factors. But the purpose of Constitutional medicine is to correct imbalance intrinsic to one's internal organs. In this aspect, Constitutional medicine is a "regulatory medicine". Depending on the classification of six vital substances, Chang classified all disease into six categories. These were based on symptoms and sings represented. While classification of diseases made by Lee was likely to rely upon constitutional characteristics. Chang thought that the three remedies made up of perspiration, purgation, vomiting were the most efficient way of eliminating pathogenic factors. Lee, however, thought those weren't methods of eliminating pathogenic factors but the best ways restoring one's self-regulation power. Chang thought that all the febrile disease essentially has a tendency in properties to belong to "heat", but Lee pointed out that pathologic processes are variable in accordance with constitutional features. They both regarded pathogenesis of diabetes as fire. That is to say, fire is the most essential factor of diabetes. And there are many risk factors such as inappropriate foods, drugs, climate, etc., but Lee thought what is most important is heart. Putting all accounts together, medical characteristics of Chang are similar to those of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, and have no relation to those of those of Shaoyinjen. Therefore we can conclude that Chang understood pathologic processes of disease of T aiyinjen and Shaoyangjen, whether he knew about constitutional features or not.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

This study tries to seek the is the realistic improvements and legislative measures about current medical advertising which was in the Court on 12 May 2015 by presenting and discussion the understanding, problems and its alternative direction of pre-deliberation on the existing law which is the decision on the constitutionality of health care advertising regulated health care advertising General commercial advertising has the right which have to be protected as the terms of the protection of know and freedom of expression and advertiser's there are sure to be in a value to be protected. Medical advertising is also a person in addition to the absolute value that includes both Due to the particularity of medical advertising in terms of life and the right to health Until now, this has been the target of strong regulations are changing the policy of gradual deregulation in our country, including the country. Medical advertising on the current medical law had been to be checked by pre-deliberation of the executive power. However, due to unconstitutional, in the circumstances which a false hype is flooding and increasing, it has been realized that the fair competition of medical community, life and health rights of the people are threatened by in reverse. In this regard, the abolition of the pre-deliberation system of medical advertising can be welcomed by abolition of the old system which is the legal and institutional censorship. Since its abolition, the alternative policy direction is insufficient also it is not clear. Therefore we need to study this. Therefore, in this paper, we try to find general theoretical background and problem of pre-deliberation system of medical advertising. Also, as trying to find feasibility or ambiguity of regulation and issues about medical advertising on medical law, we argued the provision of special measures of the medical advertising for introduction of integrated medical advertising deliberation committee which can ensure the independence and autonomy, strengthening of the monitoring on the internet advertising, legal resolving through amendments, strengthening of penalties, and establish special measures of medical advertising for the medical privatization and demand for the foreign medical tourist, etc. Empirical study about practical regulatory measures of medical advertising which converged the various opinions of consumer groups, government and academia, and medical community, and we expect hope to see the more realistic alternative provision.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.1077-1088
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• 2019

As the cyber threats of nuclear power plants become more necessary to systematically prepare against the cyber attack, the international community and the domestic government are urged to apply proper security controls for Critical Digital Assets (CDA) through cyber security regulatory guidelines. In this study, we suggests the application of security controls to develop the regulatory requirements of the graded approach through the analysis of domestic and foreign cyber security regulation guidelines and best practices for digital assets directly related to nuclear accidents. In order to apply the regulatory requirements based on the consequence(impact of infringement) of the regulated facility, which is a basic consideration of the graded approach, we will classify two methods and describe details of each method. By reanalyzing existing security controls, it is introduced that the method of demanding digital assets directly related to accident to enhance security controls required for existing CDA or develop additional security controls and requiring minimum security controls for CDA that are not directly related to accident.