• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 1992

A prototype calyx-plucking system was designed on the basis of a calyx-plucking method which had been developed in the previous study. This system was composed of a pair of compressive rollers and three pairs of tensile rollers. The performance test for this system revealed that two significant factors of operating conditions were the moisture content of red pepper and the relative velocity between tensile rollers. The newly developed system can be utilized as an efficient calyx-plucking unit in the processing plant for powdering red pepper.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.687-694
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• 2020

Styrofoam is one of the most commonly used materials in everyday life, such as various packaging containers, toys, and buoys, and is likely to be found in crime scenes. However, due to the structural characteristics of Styrofoam, fingerprints cannot be deposited well. According to previous researches, powdering or cyanoacrylate fuming method was applied for developing fingerprints on Styrofoam. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of MMD I through comparative experiments of powdering. As a result of applying powder method and MMD I, MMD I was more effective than powder method on styrofoam.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 1993

Gas diffusion passes are introduced to catalyst layer so as to enlarge reaction region in cathode and anode and then improve electrode performances. The catalyst layer was manufactured with PTFE/carbon (none catalyst loaded) for gas diffusion and Pt/carbon (10 w/o Pt catalyst loaded) by varing the mixing ratio of (PTFE/carbon) to (Pt/carbon) by catalyst powdering method. The electrodes made by mixing Pt(10 w/o)/carbon powders and PTFE/carbon powders containing 60 w/o PTFE at the ratio of 7 : 3 showed the best electrode performances. It was known that by comparing the porosities to electrode performances the electrode performances were increased as both macro pore for gas diffusion and micro pore for electrolyte intrusion were formed much more. The platinum catalyst content in electrode was 0.2 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and the PTFE content was 42 w/o. The electrode performance in unit cell was 220 ㎃/$\textrm{cm}^2$/0.7 V at operating temperature of 150$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.469-476
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• 1998

The natural dyestuff(chestnut dye) was manufactured from chestnut hulls by boiling in 0.5 NaOH solution and powdering in freeze dryer. To investigate the dyeability and color fastness, cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics were dyed under several conditions using the manufactured chestnut dye. Dyeing operation was carried in acidic dyebath of pH 4-5 because the chestnut dye is anionic. Dyeabilities on wool, silk and nylon fabrics were good, especially nylon fabrics were dyed deeper than others. But dyeability on cotton fabrics was not good. All the dyed fabrics showed excellent color fastness to crocking. Color fastness to laupdering of them were moderate to good. Also light fastness of them were moderate to good except nylon. The light fastness of dyed nylon fabrics was as poor as grade 1. But they could be improved to grade 4 by aftertreatment with gallic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.93-105
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• 2002

Nylon fabrics and stocking were dyed with artemisia dyeing solution, dyed with the natural dyestuffs that were manufactured from chestnut hulls by boiling in 0.5% NaOH solution and powdering in freeze dryer, and dyed with gromwell dyeing solution. Dyeabilities on nylon fabrics and stocking were good because of being amine group. All the dyed fabrics & stocking showed excellent in color fastness to laundering, and as poor as grade 1 to light fastness. But Light fastness of them could be improved to grade 3 or 4-5 by treatment with gallic acid and by repeated dyeing. Antimicrobial activities of the fabrics dyed with artemisia and gromwell against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were excellent in the aspect of bacteriostatic and fungistatic. There were not any distinct differences between mordant and non-mordant fabrics.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.297-298
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• 1999

Cemented carbides material (WC-Co hard alloy) were recognized very important and expensive tool or die assembly parts because of compose for the main elements of rare metal (W and Co etc). This research was developed to separate and recover of WC fine powder contained by WC-Co materials. Recycling process was a new method named by the Tin impregnation for decobaltification on cemented carbides. This reaction occurred to product a brittle Co-Sn intermetallic compounds, thereafter it carried out by acid cleaning solution and physical milling or powdering. New process was able to recover about 60％ WC fine powder from 1 to 5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2001

In an effort to improve the dent resistance of exterior body panels at a reduced steel thickness, the bake hardenable steels added Ti or Nb with tensile strength of 35Kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ were investigated. The bake hardenability increased with the annealing temperature and solute carbon content. Bake hardening of 3 to 5Kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ was obtained in steels with a controlled solute carbon concentration range from 6 to 10ppm. The galvannealing temperature and time had little influence on the bake hardenability. The Fe-Zn alloying reaction of 35Kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ BH steel was remarkably retarded due to a 0.07%P addition. The optimum galvannealing temperatures of 35Kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$ BH steel were ranged from 520 to 56$0^{\circ}C$ in view of the Fe content and powdering resistance. The cross-section and planar views of the galvannealed coatings to characterize morphology development were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1011-1019
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• 1998

The natural dyestuff(squid ink) was manufactured from squid ink by boiling in 0.1% NaOH solution and powdering in freeze dryer. Cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics were dyed under several conditions using the manufactured squid ink to investigate the dyeability and color fastness. Dyeing was operated in acidic dyebath of pH 4 because the squid ink is anionic. Dyeabilities on wool, silk and nylon fabrics were good, especially silk fabrics were dyed deeper than others because of being amine group. But dyeability on cotton fabrics was low and developed with chitosan treatment. All the dyed fabrics showed excellent in color fastness to crocking and laundering. Also light fastness of them were excellent except nylon. The light fastness of dyed-nylon fabrics was as poor as grade 1, but they could be improved to grade 4 by aftertreatment with gallicacid. Useing the natural dyestuff-squid ink powder, we could execute whenever we want to dye fabrics in the adequate concentration. Dyeabilities were developed according to repeating times of dyeing and the increased dye concentration. We could recycle the wasting sources.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.127-135
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• 2000

The natural dyestuff, grape skin dye was manufactured from grape skin by boiling in 0.1% HCI solution, eliminating the sugar and powdering in freeze dryer. Cotton, wool, silk and nylon fabrics were dyed under several conditions using the manufactured grape skin dye to investigate the dyeability and color fastness. Dyeing was operated in acidic dyebath of pH 4 because the grape skin is anionic. The color of dyed fabrics were affected on temperature of dyeing solution. Under 80$\^{C}$, the color of dyed fabrics were red or violet, but changed to brown in laundering. Above 100$\^{C}$, the color were brown and safe in laundering. Dyeabilities on wool, silk, and nylon fabrics were good, especially silk fabrics were dyed deeper than others. Dyeability was developed with concenturation of dyeing solution. All the dyed fabrics were excellent in color fastness to crocking and laundering. Light fastness was low to moderate. The light fastness of dyed nylon fabrics were as poor as grade 1, but they could be improved to grade 3∼4 by aftertreatment with gallic acid.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.262-271
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• 1989

Red pepper is one of the most important agricultural products in Korea. Generally, raw red pepper is dried after harvest and the dried red pepper is powdered. Washing process is necessary to produce clean powder before powdering process. This study, therefore, was performed to analyze the drying characteristics of the rewetted red pepper and the energy utility during hot-air-convective and infrared-radiant drying. Drying effectiveness, De, was defined for the analysis of energy utility in this study, and its value was determined according to the energy source. Infrared-radiant drying was more favorable than convective drying according to drying effectiveness. But the temperature variation was appeared between the radiant surface and opposite surface of red pepper in infrared-radiant drying.