• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2022

Protein-enriched dairy powder is widely consumed to promote muscle synthesis. Recently, in Korea, elderly people have also begun consuming protein powder products to prevent muscle loss. However, these protein-enriched powders have poor flowability and hydration properties because of the fine particles of spray-dried milk protein powder. Therefore, in this study, the fluidized bed agglomeration process was used to solve these problems. The rheological and physical properties of milk protein isolate (MPI)/skim milk powder (SMP) mixtures were effectively improved via fluidized bed agglomeration. The particle size of the MPI/SMP mixtures significantly increased from 35.7-58 ㎛ to 118-136 ㎛, the flowability level improved from fair (21.4-26.3) to good (15.7-16.3), and the cohesiveness level changed from intermediate (1.27-1.36) to low (1.18-1.19) after fluidized bed agglomeration. In addition, the wetting time of the agglomerated MPI/SMP mixtures was effectively reduced to 4.67-58.3 s by fluidized bed agglomeration. These findings may be useful for manufacturing protein-enriched dairy powders with good instant properties.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.915-927
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• 2022

Recently, protein-fortified milk powders are being widely consumed in Korea to prevent sarcopenia, and the demand for high-protein food powders is continuously increasing in the Korean market. However, spray-dried milk proteins have poor flowability and wettability owing to their fine particle sizes and high inter-particle cohesive forces. Fluidized bed agglomeration is widely used to improve the instant properties of food powders. This study investigated the effect of fluidized bed agglomeration on whey protein isolate (WPI)-fortified skim milk powder (SMP) at different SMP/WPI ratios. The fluidized bed process increased the particle size distribution, and agglomerated particles with grape-like structures were observed in the SEM images. As the size increased, the Carr index (CI) and Hausner ratio (HR) values of the agglomerated WPI-fortified SMP particles exhibited excellent flowability (CI: <15) and low cohesiveness (HR: <1.2). In addition, agglomerated WPI-fortified SMP particles exhibited the faster wetting time than the instant criterion (<20 s). As a result, the rheological and physical properties of the WPI-fortified SMP particles were effectively improved by fluidized bed agglomeration. However, the fluidized bed agglomeration process led to a slight change in the color properties. The CIE L^* decreased, and the CIE b^* increased because of the Maillard reaction. The apparent viscosity (η_a,10) and consistency index (K) values of the rehydrated solutions (60 g/180 mL water) increased with the increasing WPI ratio. These results may be useful for formulating protein-fortified milk powder with better instant properties.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2004

Successful implementation of the powder forming process requires a detailed understanding of several interacting phenomena. The aim is to better control the process variables and to optimize the design parameters. A number of studies were carried out using various constitutive models that take the density change during powder forming into account. Most of them were developed for powders and sintered porous metals, but few of them can describe powder agglomerates, whose behaviour is different from that of uniformly arranged powders. The modification is needed to account for the effect of agglomeration on densification behaviour. Incorporating powder agglomeration into a constitutive model is of considerable importance, as it provides a possibility of relating the powder densification response to microstructural characteristics of powder particles, especially in case of nano powders. In this paper, we proposed a new powder agglomerate model in order to describe the unique densification behaviour of nano powders. The proposed model was applied to the densification of powder agglomerates during cold isostatic pressing.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2003

Synthesis and characteristics of Cu nanopowder were considered by in-situ characterization method using SMPS in pulsed wire evaporation process. With increasing pressure in chamber, particle size and degree of agglomeration increased by increase of collision frequency. Also, it was found from the XRD analyses and BET measurements that crystallite size and particle size decreased with elevating applied voltage. However, SMPS measurements and TEM observation revealed the increase of particle size and degree of agglomeration with increase of applied voltage. These results suggested that particle growth and agglomeration depend on overheating factor in chamber at the early stage and thermal coagulation in filtering system during powder formation until collection.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.156-157
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• 2006

The preparation of composite powders for plasma spraying by an in-house designed mechanofusion process is investigated. Results show that dry particle coating depends on the chemical and mechanical properties of powders. In metal/oxide and metal/oxide/carbide powder mixtures, fine ceramic particles coat the surface of the metallic coarser particles. A nearly rounded shape of the final composite particles is induced by the mechanical energy input with no formation of new phases. However with the carbide/metal powdered system, only an intimate mixture of components is achieved. It is suggested that the coating mechanism is governed by agglomeration and rolling phenomena.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2003

$TiO_2$ nanopowder was synthesized by chemical vapor condensation (CVC) process and its photocatalytic property depending on microstructure was considered in terns of decomposition rate of organic compound. In order to control microstructure of $TiO_2$ nanopowder such as particle size and degree of agglomeration, precursor flow rate representing number concentration was changed as a process variable. In TEM observation, spherical $TiO_2$ nanoparticles with average size of 20 nm showed gradual increases in particle size and degree of agglomeration with increase of precursor flow rate. Also decomposition rate of organic compound increased with decreasing precursor flow rate. Thus, it was concluded that photocatalytic property was enhanced by targe surface area of disperse $TiO_2$ nanoparticles synthesized at lower precursor flow rate condition in CVC process.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.1211-1212
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• 2006

The electrophoretic deposition process of Ni nano-particles was employed for self-repairing of heat exchanger tubes. For electrophoretic deposition of Ni nano-particles on pitted Ni alloy specimen, a constant electric field of 100 V $cm^{-1}$ was applied to the specimen for 180 s in Ni-dispersed solution. It was found that as electrophoretic deposition proceeded, the size of the pit remarkably decreased due to the agglomeration of Ni nano-particles at the pit. This strongly suggests that the electrophoretic mobility of the charged particles is larger for the pit with a higher current value rather than outer surfaces with a lower current value.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.385-390
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• 1998

미숫가루에 가수시 엉기는 현상을 방지하고 분산성을 개선하기 위한 목적으로 미숫가루를 응집 처리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 미숫가루의 주성분은 탄수화물로서 약 67%에 달하였으며 수분함량이 약 7%, 조단백과 조지방이 각각 12.1% 씩이었고 회분이 1.9%이었다. 비처리 시료의 초기 $a_w$는 0.25이었으나 12개월 저장후 0.28로 증가되었고 pH는 초기 6.29에서 12개월 저장후 6.27로 다소 낮아졌다. 건조기내의 상대습도는 초기 약 38% 수준에서 건조 12시간 후에는 약 10%의 수준으로 낮아지는 현상을 보였으며 $60^{\circ}C$로 설정된 건조기의 온도는 건조시 $45{\sim}49^{\circ}C$의 온도를 유지하였다. 2분 스팀/15분 재건조 처리된 시료는 비처리 시료에 비하여 Particle size analyzer와 현미경으로 관찰 하였을 때 직경이 큰 입자의 비율이 높고 평균입자의 크기가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 수분흡수지수는 2분간 스팀처리할 경우 대조구와 비교하여 뚜렷이 증가하였으며 수분용해도지수는 처리구가 대조구시료에서보다 대체적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 처리된 제품의 경우 전반적인 색도가 비처리구에 비하여 Hunter a 값과 b 값이 높고 L 값이 낮게 나타났다. 2분 스팀처리한 수 10, 15, 20, 30, 40분 동안 건조처리한 시료는 모두 분산성이 개선되었으나, 2분 스팀처리한 후 20, 30분 동안 건조 처리한 시료는 다른 비처리 시료와 비교하여 분산성이 다소 열등하였다. 결론적으로 일차 건조 분쇄된 미숫가루를 2분 스팀 처리/15분 재건조 시키는 방법으로 엉기는 현상이 발생되지 않고 분산성이 뛰어난 미숫가루제품의 생산이 가능함을 확인하였다.은 천연 항균 효소제인 lysozyme을 분리하는데 매우 효과적인 방법이었다.제로 재차 이용할 경우 비드가 일정한 크기를 갖고, 감소한 표면적과 같은 양의 새로운 비드를 첨가한다면 사용된 비드의 재활용 가능성도 있다고 사료되었다.로 제조된 간장의 구수한 맛, 신맛, 짠맛과 종합적 기호도에서 유의차가 있어서 CM-메주로 제조한 간장보다 우수하였다. MCM-메주로 제조된 간장이 성분과 기호도에 있어서도 CM-메주로 제조된 간장보다 우수한 결과를 보였다. 일본인의 우리나라 전통적인 김치에 대한 종합적인 기호도는 염농도 2.03%, 2.63%, 1.07%의 김치 순으로 아주 싱거운 김치는 선호하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.{\;}8%+{\;}CO_2{\;}15%$ 조건이 보다 적합하였다.신증후군 재발을 경험한 응답자가 9명, 백신접종에도 불구 해당 질병 발병을 경험한 접종자가 3명, 생백신 접종 후 백신 균주에 의한 발병을 경험한 접종자가 2명이었다. 결론 : 국내의 소아 신장학 전문가들은 일반 소아에서 권장되는 예방접종 지침과는 다른 수정된 방식에 따른 예방접종을 실시하고 있었으나 아직 질병 경과와 스테로이드 사용에 따른 접종 시기에 다양성을 보이고 있었고, 또한 예방접종 후의 부작용을 경험한 경우도 다수 있었다. 따라서 향후 다수의 소아를 대상으로 한 전향적인 연구를 통하여 소아 신질한 환아에서 추천되는 예방접종 지침을 확립할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. 생리활성효과에 손색없는 것으로 판단되고, 이러한 기능성에 기초하여 chocolate, 음료 등의 식품이나 의약품의 기능성 소재로서의 산업적 응용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료된다.대장균군이 역시 난각에서 가장 높은 빈도로 분리되었고, 난황(Yolk)에서는 극히 낮은 수준의 세균오염도를 보였다. 다양한 동물종유래

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2019

구리이온농도를 117.15 mg/L로 조절한 모의 광산배수용액 제조하고, 세멘테이션제로서 철분을 투입하여 세멘테이션 공정 중 구리이온제거효율에 대한 철분당량, 철분크기, 교반속도의 영향을 조사하였다. 교반속도가 200 rpm의 경우, 온도 $20^{\circ}C$에서 2 당량의 철분을 투입하면 90분에 51 %의 구리가 제거되었으나 16 당량의 철분을 투입하면 60분에 99 % 이상의 구리가 제거되었다. $48{\mu}m$ 이하와 $150{\mu}m$ 크기의 철분을 2당량 투입하여 구리제거율을 관찰한 결과 200 rpm에서는 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 교반속도를 400 rpm으로 증가시킨 경우 두 입도 모두에서 구리제거효율을 크게 증가하였으며, 이는 200 rpm에서 철분의 입자가 응집되어 비표면적이 감소된 것이 원인으로 SEM분석을 통해 확인하였다. 교반속도 600 rpm, 반응온도 $20^{\circ}C$, $48{\mu}m$ 이하 철분 2 당량의 조건에서 60 분에 99 % 이상의 구리가 제거된 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1988

Ccompaction and sintering behavior of highly pure PSZ powders were investigated by laying the stress on the granulation processes. The particle size of coprecipitated PSZ powder was so fine that the agglomeration was severely formed during drying and calcing step and by this agglomeration differential sinering was occurred. The methanol dispersion of precipitates was the good method of avoiding severe agglomeration formed during drying process because of small surface tension than water. But perfect deagglomeraton was not possible due to high surface area of powders. So homogenization by granulation was needed, and among the method spray granulation was the most desirable to obtain homogeneous compacts and subsequent flaw-free ceramics.