• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.91-92
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• 2003

비태인의 급여(0, 600 ppm)가 사료의 단백질 수준(14, 16 ％)에 따라 산란계의 생산성과 난품질, 혈액성상, 간과 가슴육의 일반성분에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 83주령 하이라인 산란계 192수를 이용하여 12주간 사양실험을 실시하였다. 기초사료는 에너지 수준이 2,800 kcal/kg, methionine과 lysine, cystine의 수준은 단백질 수준에 비례하도록 하였다. 조사항목으로 산란율과 난중, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 계란품질은 4주 간격으로 측정했다. 실험 종료시 복강지방과 혈액중 total protein과 albumin, BUN, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol 함량, 간의 methionine, choline 함량, 간과 가슴육의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 함량을 측정하였다. 산란율은 단백질 수준에 따라 증가하였으며(P＜0.05) 비태인 급여에 의한 차이는 없었다. 난중은 단백질과 비태인 급여로 증가하였으며(P＜0.05) 산란양은 단백질 수준이 증가할수록 감소하였다(P＜0.05). 비태인 급여로 사료 요구율은 현저하게 개선되었지만(P＜0.05), 계란의 품질은 차이가 없었다. 혈청 total protein은 비태인 급여로 현저히 증가하였으며 특히 단백질 14 ％ 급여구에서 크게 증가하였다(P＜0.05). 복강지방 함량은 단백질 수준과 비태인 급여에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 가슴육과 간의 조단백질 함량은 사료의 단백질 수준에 따라 증가하였다(P＜0.05). 간의 조지방 함량은 비태인의 급여로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 간의 methionine 함량은 단백질과 비태인 수준에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 choline 함량은 비태인의 급여에 의해서만 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 비태인의 급여는 단백질 수준이 높은 조건에서 산란율을 개선시키고 난중을 증가시키며 사료 요구율을 개선한다.록 산가는 증가하는 것을 볼 수 있다. 홍국주의 전자 공여능에 의한 항산화력은 25.6%, 아질산염 소거능은 27.6%, Total phenolic compound 함량은 12.34mg%, ACE저해작용은 38%의 항산화력을 나타냈다.과 $O_2$와 $CO_2$의 농도에서 평균오차 0.2%로 정밀한 것으로 나타났으며 호흡속도 측정용 챔버의 혼합기체 공급측과 배기측의 가스 농도를 3회 반복 측정한 결과 재현성에서는 0.1%이하의 편차로 나타났다. 개방계 호흡속도 자동 측정 시스템을 이용하여 환경기체조성하에서 토마토의 호흡속도를 측정하는 실측 실험을 수행한 결과 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 12.7~42.1mg$CO_2$/kg.hr였으며 12$^{\circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside were first isolated and identified from safflower leaf. Among these flavonoids, luteolin

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

Uncoupling protein(UCP)은 갈색 지방세포에서 특이적으로 발현하고 있으며 복잡한 세포의 열 생산 작용에 관여한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 한국 재래 닭 집단의 UCP 유전자 내에 존재하는 SNP를 검출하였다. 한국 재래 닭 집단의 UCP유전자 exon 3지역의 염기서열 분석 결과 1316 bp에서 T염기가 C염기로 치환되어짐을 확인하였다. T+11316C 지역의 PCR-RFLP 분석을 위해 제한효소 Afl III를 사용하였다. 한국 재래닭 집단내 유전자형 빈도는 TT가 0.7875, TC가 0.1875 그리고 CC가 0.025로 검출되었으며 대립유전자의 빈도는 T가 0.881 그리고 C가 0.119로 나타났다. 또한 검출된 SNP가 경제형질에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 한국 재래 닭 집단의 T/T 유전자형과 C/C유전자형에서 일당 산란율에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 더 많은 UCP 유전자와 관련된 연구와 한국 재래 닭의 육종 전략에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 닭, 오리, 말, 염소, 사슴 및 양으로부터 발생되는 분 뇨 및 폐수의 오염물 부하를 조사 및 분석함으로써 축사로부터 발생 및 배출되는 오염물 부하 원단위를 산정하였다. 그 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 닭의 오염물질 배출량 및 농도분석 원단위를 통하여 산출된 배출부하 원단위는 사육두수 및 사료의 종류, 분의 처리방법의 상이함에 의해 산란계에서 높게 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 배출부하 원단위 중 사슴의 경우 기존의 문헌보다 높게 측정된 것은 사슴의 축종별 체중과 오염물질 발생량의 차이에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 양의 경우 뇨의 발생 부하량 원단위가 분에 비해 2배 정도 높게 측정되었는데 문헌자료에서는 분이 뇨보다 높게 측정되어 현 연구에서의 측정결과와 많은 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2004

As all other intensively farmed domestic species, most mortality in ostriches is closely to rearing conditions. While ostriches is also highly sensitive to stress, species-specific infectious disease play only a minor role. But investigation of ostrich's disease is not peformed almost in Korea. The study was performed to investigate the titers of antibody for Newcastle disease(ND), Infectious bronchitis(IB), Egg drop syndrome '76(EDS), Avian influenza(AI), salmonellosis, Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection(MG), Mycoplasma synoviae infection(MS), Infectious bursal disease(IBD), Brucellosis, Toxoplasmosis, Japanese encephalitis(JE), Porcine parvovirus infection, Encephalomyocarditis and Porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The results obtained in the 62 ostrich sera slaughtered in Gyeongbuk province were summarized as follows: The average of antibody positive rates to ND, IB, EDS, AI(H9Nl), JE, Porcine parvovirus infection and Encephalomyocarditis by HI test were $75.8\%,\;100\%,\;0\%,\;0\%,\;51.6\%,\;50\%\;and\;56.5\%$ respectively. The antibody positive rates to salmonellosis, MG, MS by plate agglutination test were $12.9\%,\;25.8\%,\;and\;0\%$ respectively. Antibodies to disease agent such as IBD and AI by agar gel precipitation(AGP) test, Brucellosis by tube agglutination, toxoplasmosis by latex agglutination test and PRRS by IFA were all negative.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2019

Newcastle disease (ND) is an infectious poultry disease that caused high mortality and reduced egg production. NDVs are regularly present in the domestic duck population. And ducks play a possible role in the maintenance and transmission of NDVs. While we were monitoring the Avian Influenza, NDVs were isolated from field samples by accident. So we analysed the biological and genetic characteristics of these viruses. Lentogenic NDVs were isolated from two farms among twenty breeder duck farms. The ages of ducks were 39 weeks old in the 'A' farm and 3~72 weeks old in the 'B' farm. And they were not inoculated with the NDVs vaccine. In the biological characteristics, the both viruses which separated from the farm 'A' and 'B' were thermostable. The amino acid sequence of a site from 112 to 119 in the fusion (F) protein was 'GKQGRLIG' which has monobasic motif in the samples of both farms. And this means the separated NDVs are lentogenic. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by entire nucleotide sequence of F protein. The virus strains from the A farm (MN095239) and the B farm (MN095240) belonged to class II genotype I. Using the analysis of whole F protein nucleic acid sequence, the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with Ulster strain about 99.95% and the MN095239 (GenBank) had homology with KR/CK/KU_LBM255/09 strain about 99.89%. NDV surveillance is needed to investigate epidemiological relationship of domestic breeder duck isolates in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

Livestock industry requires alternatives of antibiotics to prevent environmental pollution and to maintain public health. We herein report on an effective method to reduce ammonia from livestock manure, and confirmed environmentally-friendly livestock production by adding three types of yeast probiotics, Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59, into the feed stuff, separately and/or mixed, and these three types of yeasts were administered to the Hy-line brown layers for 8 weeks. Compared with control, the laying performance, the egg quality, and the number of intestinal lactic acid producing bacteria of the treated group were improved and/or increased significantly. Pichia anomala SKM-T potently reduced ammonia production from poultry manure, and the other strains were also able to reduce the ammonia from it. The optimum condition for the reduction of ammonia with Pichia farinosa SKM-1, Pichia anomala SKM-T, and Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59 was obtained by using the augmented centroid-simplex design. The ratio of optimum condition was Pichia farinosa SKM-1:Pichia anomala SKM-T:Galactomyces geotrichum SJM-59=0.295:0.209:0.080, and the estimate was -123.36 (p=0.0l38). An ability to reduce the ammonia production from livestock manure was maintained at $30^{\circ}C$ for 15 weeks.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.471-478
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• 1993

Culicoides arakawae is a kind of the main blood sucking insects of domestic fowls and serves as a vector of Leukocytozoom caulleryi, the causative protozoon of chicken leukocytozoonosis. In this study, the complete life history of C arakawae was cycled by laboratory colonization. Adult midges were collected from various poultry farm by light trap. The laboratory colonization was performed under the conditions of constant temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 80% or above. The hatched larvae were cultured in larval medium consisted of rice field mud and activated charcoal powder. The surface of medium was continuously flowed with biologically conditioned water. The fine powder meal composed of pellet feed for mice and equal mount of yeast was supplied for feeding larvae at every 72 hours. The life cycle completed at $25^{\circ}C$ in 35~35 days ; the period of preoviposition, egg. larval and pupal stage was 2~3, 3~4, 28~30 and 3 days, respectively. The measurements of the eggs, the lst instar larvae, the 4th instar larvae and pupae was $36.28{\mu}m{\pm}1.95$, $13.58{\mu}m{\pm}0.72$, $4000{\mu}m{\pm}1.47$ and $219.95{\mu}m{\pm}6.25$ in $mean{\pm}S.D.$, respectively. In order to confirm experimental colonization of C arakawae in laboratory, the colonized adult midges were allowed to suck blood from chicken infected with L caulleryi. The oocysts and sporozoites could be identified in midguts and salivary grands of engorged midges at 72 hours after blood sucking.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2010

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is major cause of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. M. synoviae (MS) most frequently occurs a subclinical upper respiratory infection but may result in airsacculitis and synovitis in chickens and turkeys. Both mycoplasmas induce economic losses by triggering chronic respiratory signs, airsacculitis and decreased egg production. For prevention of the infections, live attenuated andinactivated vaccines are commercially used for prevention of MG but not MS in Korea. Serum plate agglutination (SPA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been commonly used for serological diagnosis for MG and MS. Recently, it is believed that MS spread in chickens is very seriously in Korea and respiratory infection with MS causes substantial loss in poultry farms. In this study, we investigated the serological prevalence of MG and MS in unvaccinated chickens between 2008 and 2009. The overall seroprevalence of MG was 24% of 2,094 for individual chickens and 24% of 189 farms. The overall seroprevalence of MS was 36% in 2,095 chickens and 39% in 198 farms. The results show that seropositive ratio of MS is higher than MG. The geographical prevalence of MG has been estimated in following sequence; Gangwon, Jeolla, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, and Chungcheong. The geographical prevalence of MS has been estimated as follows; Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Chungcheong, and Jeolla. Seasonal seroprevalencewas also examined, and it found that seroprevalence in spring, fall and winter was higher than that in summer in MG, but not in MS. No significant difference was shown in seroprevalence according to breed. Future study about pathogenicity of MS isolates would be needed and economical losses by MS outbreaks should be analyzed. Moreover, we compared sero-positivity obtained with SPA and ELISA. The kappa value of MG between SPA and ELISA was 0.8061 and the kappa value of MS between SPA and ELISA was 0.7649.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2014

Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid are septicemic avian diseases transmitting through egg by transovarian infections. A series of tests has been performing in breeding flocks of chickens and test plans for proper inspection have been modified by government veterinary institute to control of such diseases. To improve inspection plans, different test methods were compared using fowl typhoid positive samples from a poultry farm located in Jeonbuk state in 2012. Based on first inspection, 11 samples among total 200 samples were positive by rapid slide agglutination (RSA) test and 7 samples among RSA positive samples were finally diagnosed as Salmonella Gallinarum infection by ELISA, bacterial isolation, PCR, and histopathologic examination. In the second inspection, 20 samples among total 100 samples were positive by RSA test. Among RSA positive ones, 19 samples were positive by ELISA, S. Gallinarm were successfully isolated in 3 samples, and 16 samples were positive by PCR in the cecal tonsils where were not successful for bacterial isolation. Based on histopathologic examination, severe inflammation in the 13 cecal tonsils and infiltration of lymphocytes and heterophils in the 11 livers were observed. Therefore, we suggest that bacterial isolation, PCR, and histopathologic examination methods in the third inspection need to be further used in various tissues for correct diagnosis and for final eradication of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in breeding flocks of chickens.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Agricultural use and pest control purposes of pesticides may lead to livestock products contamination. Thiodicarb and its degraded product, methomyl, are carbamate insecticides that protect soya bean, maize, fruit, and vegetables and control flies in animal and poultry farms. For maximum residue limit enforcement and monitoring, the JMPR residue definition of thiodicarb in animal products is the sum of thiodicarb and methomyl, expressed as methomyl. This residue definition was set to consider the fact that thiodicarb was readily degraded to methomyl in animal commodities. And therefore the simultaneous analytical method of thiodicarb and methomyl is required for monitoring in livestock products. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study was conducted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and HPLC-MS/MS to determine the thiodicarb and methomyl in livestock products. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.01 mg/kg for livestock products, including beef, pork, chicken, milk, and egg. The coefficient of determinations (r²) for the calibration curve were > 0.99, which was acceptable values for linearity. Average recoveries at spiked levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, and 50LOQ, n=5) in triplicate ranged from 73.2% to 102.1% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10% in all matrices. CONCLUSION: The analytical method was validated for the performance parameters (specificity, linearity, accuracy, and precision) in livestock products to be acceptable by the CODEX guidelines.