• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.98-109
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• 2002

Bluetooth technology is a publicly available specification proposed for Radio Frequency (RF) communication for short-range :1nd point-to-multipoint voice and data transfer. It operates in the 2.4㎓ ISM(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band and offers the potential for low-cost, broadband wireless access for various mobile and portable devices at range of about 10 meters. In this paper, we describe the structure and the test results of the bluetooth baseband module with direct memory access method we have developed. This module consists of three blocks; link controller, UART interface, and audio CODEC. This module has a bus interface for data communication between this module and main processor and a RF interface for the transmission of bit-stream between this module and RF module. The bus interface includes DMA interface. Compared with the link controller with FIFOs, The module with DMA has a wide difference in size of module and speed of data processing. The small size module supplies lorr cost and various applications. In addition, this supports a firmware upgrade capability through UART. An FPGA and an ASIC implementation of this module, designed as soft If, are tested for file and bit-stream transfers between PCs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.867-872
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• 2012

Background: $FOXP3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit effector T cell functions and are implicated in tumour progression. However, together with microvessel density (MVD) they remain controversial prognostic predictors for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and potential associations have yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of Tregs and MVD and their potential relationship in RCCs. Design: Paraffin-embedded tissues from 62 RCC patients were analysed using immunohistochemistry to detect $FOXP3^+$ lymphocytes, and double immunohistochemistry to detect different microvessel types in the tumour interior, rim and normal kidney tissue, and their correlation with clinicopathological characteristics. Survival analysis was also performed. Results: The presence of $FOXP3^+$ cells in the tumour interior or the rim showed no correlation with death from RCC and other pathological characteristics. Negative correlations were noted between the immature MVD in the tumour interior or the rim and tumour size, tumour stage and overall survival; however, there was no correlation with the nuclear grade or pathological type. A positive correlation between $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and immature MVD (r=0.363, P=0.014) and mature MVD (r=0.383, P=0.009) was confirmed in the tumour interior. However, there was no correlation between $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and mature MVD (r=0.281, P=0.076) or immature MVD (r=0.064, P=0.692) in the tumour rim. Conclusions: In this study, a positive correlation between the presence of $FOXP3^+$ Tregs and immature and mature MVD in RCC was confirmed, which suggests a link between suppression of immunity, tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.589-601
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• 2014

Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is emerging as a new eco-friendly source of energy to replace fossil fuels in the 21st century. It is well known that the Natural Gas Hydrate contains large amount of natural gas about 170 times as much as its volume and it is easy to be stored and transported safely at about $-20^{\circ}C$ under atmospheric pressure due to so called "self-preservation effect". The option of gas transport by gas hydrate pellets carrier has been investigated and developed in various industry and academy. The natural gas hydrate pellet carrier is on major link in a potential gas hydrate process chain, starting with the extraction of natural gas from the reservoir, followed by the production of hydrate pellets and the transportation to an onshore terminal for further processing or marketing. In recent years, Korean project team supported by Korean Government has been working on the development of NGH total systems including novel NGH carrier since 2011. In order to increase the knowledge on the NGH pellet carrier developed and to understand the major hazards that could have significant impact on the safety of the vessel, this paper presents and evaluates the pros and cons of cargo holds, loading and unloading systems through the analysis of current patent technology. Based on the proven and well-known technologies as well as potential measures to mitigate sintering and minimize mechanical stress on the hydrate pellet in the self-preservation state, this study presents the conceptual and basic design for NGH carrier.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2011

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polymer consisting of disaccharide units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It has a great potential and success in cosmetic and biomedical applications. However, native HA is highly soluble and easily metabolized by enzymes such as hyaluronidase. Thus, various studies have been reported on modifying the physicochemical properties of HA, while maintaining its biocompatibility. For controlled drug delivery, many trials for fabricating HA microspheres were achieved under chemical reaction. The HA microspheres fabricated to improve the physical stability of HA using adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) by cross-linking reaction has been reported earlier, however it lacks the desired physical stability and rapidly decomposes by swelling or enzymes. Therefore, we prepared double cross-linked HA microspheres (DC-HA microspheres) and alginate containing HA microspheres (AC-HA microspheres) to enhance its physicochemical properties. DC-HA microspheres were prepared using trisodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) under crosslinking reaction after ADH cross-linking reaction. AC-HA microspheres were prepared by adding alginate as a networking polymer. These microspheres were characterized by morphology, particle size, zeta potential, stability against hyaluronidase. Results showed that the DC-HA and AC-HA microspheres are more stable than that of HA microspheres.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2010

Objectives : Increasing evidence suggests the presence of neurobiological bases for temperamental characteristics in humans. Brain correlates of harm avoidance(HA) have been most extensively studied using functional and structural brain imaging methods due to its potential link with anxiety and depressive disorders. To date, however, we are not aware of any reports that have examined the potential relationship between HA levels and regional cortical thickness. The aim of the current study is to examine the cortical thickness which is associated with HA temperament in healthy young subjects. Methods : Twenty-eight young, healthy individuals(13 men and 15 women, mean age, $29.4{\pm}6.3$ years) were screened for eligibility and administered the Korean version of the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory and underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Results : HA was associated with cortical thickness in the right superior frontal cortex and in the left parietal cortex, adjusted for age and sex and corrected for multiple comparisons using the permutation testing method. Conclusion : Individual temperamental differences in HA are associated with structural variations in specific areas of the brain. The fact that these brain regions are involved in top-down modulations of subcortical fear reactions adds functional significance to current findings.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.682-689
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• 2015

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A. distichum) has been reported to exert the inhibitory effect on angiotensin converting enzyme and aldose reductase. Recently, our group found that branch extracts of A. distichum (EAFAD-B) induce apoptosis through ATF3 activation in human colon cancer cells. However, anti-cancer reagents exert their activity through the regulation of various molecular targets. Therefore, the elucidation of potential mechanisms of EAFAD-B for anti-cancer activity may be necessary. To elucidate the potential mechanism of EAFAD-B for anti-cancer activity, we evaluated the regulation of cyclin D1 in human colon cancer cells. EAFAD-B decreased cellular accumulation of cyclin D1 protein. However, cyclin D1 mRNA was not changed by EAFAD-B. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 attenuated EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in the cells treated with EAFAD-B. In addition, EAFAD-B induced cyclin D1 phosphorylation at threonine-286 and the point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation. Inhibitions of both ERK1/2 by PD98059 and NF-κB by a selective inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 suppressed cyclin D1 downregulation by EAFAD-B. From these results, we suggest that EAFAD-B-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation may result from proteasomal degradation through its threonine-286 phosphorylation via ERK1/2-dependent NF-κB activation. The current study provides new mechanistic link between EAFAD-B and anti-cancer activity in human colon cancer cells.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.398-401
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• 2017

Background: Organizational ostracism is defined as a violation of norms that we are suggested to acknowledge at the workplace. It results in the exclusion of one person or multiple persons, and causes damage to our innate need to belong. This kind of behaviorism can be engaged through a hierarchical or nonhierarchical relationship. Three elements interact in the framework of organizational ostracism: the actor, the target, and the institution. Our aim was to describe the different factors interacting with every element in order to produce recommendations targeting to prevent the occurrence of such behaviorism in an institution and to help targets of such a violence in order to handle this situation and go forward. As psychological impact of ostracism has frequently been studied in the literature, we focused on its impact on professional tasks. Methods: We performed a questionnaire-based study about organizational ostracism. This questionnaire was established through an online platform (https://www.sondageonline.com) and made available through the following link: https://goo.gl/forms/KrkVXe3bMEc79cau2. A keyword was sent to all participants. We created a 23-interrogation questionnaire with open and short questions. Nonwritten consent was obtained from all participants. Results: The actor of ostracism engaged in ostracism, in most of the cases, with other persons without a real purpose. The actor of ostracism had an antecedent of problematic relationship at work in 82.9% of the cases. Of the participants, 58.5% were of the view that ostracism aimed to cause hurt and isolate them. Professional isolation was observed in 58.5% of the cases; 51.2% of the participants tried to improve their work potential and explained their reaction by an intrinsic motivation. The organization atmosphere was judged to be bad in most of the cases. Conclusion: Our study showed that ostracism was mainly observed in public practice.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1656-1665
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• 2022

Objective: Water buffalo, an important domestic animal in tropical and subtropical regions, play an important role in agricultural economy. It is an important source for milk, meat, horns, skin, and draft power, especially its rich milk that is the great source of cream, butter, yogurt, and many cheeses. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in many biological processes. Previous studies for the mammary gland development of water buffalo mainly focus on protein coding genes. However, lncRNAs of water buffalo remain poorly understood, and the regulation relationship between mammary gland development/milk production traits and lncRNA expression is also unclear. Methods: Here, we sequenced 22 samples of the milk somatic cells from three lactation stages and integrated the current annotation and identified 7,962 lncRNA genes. Results: By comparing the lncRNA genes of the water buffalo in the early, peak, and late different lactation stages, we found that lncRNA gene lnc-bbug14207 displayed significantly different expression between early and late lactation stages. And lnc-bbug14207 may regulate neighboring milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 (HAPLN3) protein coding genes, which are vital for mammary gland development. Conclusion: This study provides the first genome-wide identification of water buffalo lncRNAs and unveils the potential lncRNAs that impact mammary gland development.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2022

In recent years, the intensity of typhoons has increased due to climate change. It is presumed that the tailings and waste rock in the mining area harm the environment owing to flood damage. The Gangneung area has been affected by the largest typhoons in Korea, including No. 3,693 (1936), Rusa (2002), Maemi (2003), and Megi (2004). This study was based on a case in which high concentrations of arsenic were detected in the surroundings along a stream after floods caused by typhoons. Although the environmental damage-related law clarifies the responsibility of polluters, careful implementation is required in potential natural disaster areas. The pollutants from abandoned mines can be widely exposed due to typhoons as artificial causes may be mixed. To minimize the impact of natural disasters in these areas, it is necessary to improve and link relevant laws. This study is expected to help cope with mixed pollutants in downstream areas.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.202-213
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• 1997

In order to find out a high potential black soybean lines, of which demand has been increasing in Korea, twenty eight local cultivars were evaluated on agronomic characteristics and the classification of the cultivars was made by the cluster analysis. Days to maturity and days to growing of black soybeans were widely ranged from 58 to 82 days, and 117 to 148 days, respectively. Late maturing group showed over 140 maturity days, and heavy 100 seed weight. There was shown low yield potential in late maturing group, and growing days was positively correlated with flowering days, days to maturity, 100-seed weight and stem length, respectively. From the principal component analysis upper two components composed 76.5％ cumulative eigen value to total. Nine varietal groups were identified in relations to their affinity of the black soybeans. Selected black soybeans, Namhae-2 and Hamyang-l were field-tested and those characteristics of many pod, small seed and high yield were found out to be suitable for sprouting.