• Advances in environmental research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2016

The biodegradability and decomposition efficiencies increase with the pre-treatment of sludge in a digestion process. In this study, the feasibility of ultrasound coupled with potassium permanganate oxidation as a disintegration method and digestibility of aerobic reactor fed with disintegrated sludge with ultrasound coupled potassium permanganate were investigated. The first stage of the study focused on determining the optimum condition for ultrasonic pre-treatment for achieving better destruction efficiency of sludge. The second part of the study, the aerobic digestibility of sludge disintegrated with ultrasound and potassium permanganate oxidation alone and combined were examined comparatively. The results showed that when 20 min of ultrasonic pre-treatment applied, the specific energy output was 49384 kJ/kgTS with disintegration degree of 58.84%. During the operation of aerobic digester, VS/TS ratios of digesters fed with disintegrated sludge decreased indicating that disintegration methods could obviously enhance aerobic digestion performance. The highest reduction in volatile solids was 75% in the digester fed with ultrasound+potassium permanganate disintegrated sludge at the end of the operation compared to digester fed with raw sludge. Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) levels in sludge supernatant increased with this combined method significantly. Besides, it promoted the production of ${\bullet}OH$, thus enhancing the release of Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) from the sludge. Disintegration with all methods used in this study could not improve Capillary Suction Time (CST) reduction in disintegrated digesters during the operation. The results demonstrated that the combined ultrasound treatment and potassium permanganate oxidation method improves the biodegradability compared to control reactor or their single application.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.400-402
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• 2003

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.185-186
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• 2006

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.53-56
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• 2005

A Laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater by potassium permanganate $(KMnO_4)$, Consumption of permanganate by TCE and aquifer materials was also evaluated to obtain an appropriate injection rate of $KMnO_4$. TCE degradation by $KMnO_4$ in the absence of aquifer material showed effective with pseudo-first order rate constant, $k_{obs}=1.8110^{-3}\;s^{-1}\;at\;KMnO_4=500mg/L$. TCE oxidation by $KMnO_4$ was found to be second order reaction and the rate constant, $k=0.65{\pm}0.08\;M^{-1}s^{-1}$, was independent of pH changes. $KMnO_4$ consumption rate by groundwater sampled from field site was not significant, indicating that groundwater containing negligible amount of dissolved organic matter does not have any influence on the $KMnO_4$ degradation. Meanwhile, aquifer materials from field site were actively reacted with permanganate, resulting in the significant consumption of $KMnO_4$. It might be attributed to the existence of metal oxides in aquifer materials, Based on the rate constants obtained from this study, appropriate injection rate of permanganate and TCE removal rate in groundwater could be estimated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2001

6- and 7-Benzylpteridine derivatives have been converted to the corresponding 6- and 7-benzoylpteridines by the oxidation reaction with KMnO4. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by pKa determinations, UV, and 1H-NMR spectra.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 지하수내의 TCE 오염물질을 과망간산을 이용하여 산화분해할 경우의 반응율에 대하여 평가하였다. 또한 최적의 산화제 주입량 결정을 위하여 TCE뿐만 아니라 지하수 대수층 물질에 의한 과망간산의 소모율에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 대수층 물질이 없는 경우에 과망간산에 의한 TCE의 분해는 효과적으로 이루어졌으며 500 mg/L의 과망간산 농도에서 $k_{obs}=5.24{\times}10^{-3}s^{-1}$의 유사 1차반응계수를 얻었다. TCE와 과망간산에 대하여 각각 1차반응, 전체적으로는 2차반응을 나타내었다. 이때의 반응계수는 $k=0.65{\pm}0.08M^{-1}s^{-1}$였다. 반면 대수층 물질 자체는 산화제인 과망간산과 활발한 반응을 하여 상당한 소모효과를 나타내었으며 이는 대수층 물질내에 존재하는 금속산화물에 의한 것이라 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2004

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of carbocisteine, penicillamine, ethionamide and thioctic acid in bulk and in their pharmaceutical preparations using alkaline potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. The first one involves determination of ethionamide and thioctic acid by spectrophotometric investigation of the oxidation reaction of the two drugs. The second method involves determination of carbocisteine and penicillamine by kinetic studies of the oxidation reaction of these two drugs at room temperature for a fixed time of 20 minutes. The absorbance of the colored manganate ions was measured at 610 nm in both methods. 1-10 ${\mu}$g/mL of ethionamide and thioctic acid could be etermined by the spectrophotometric method with detection limits of 0.11 and 0.089 ${\mu}$g/mL for the two drugs respectively. 2-10 ${\mu}$g/mL of carbocisteine and penicillamine could be determined by the kinetic method with detection limits of 0.14 and 0.21 ${\mu}$g/mL respectively. The two methods were successfully applied for the determination of these drugs in their dosage forms.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2011

The films formed on AZ31B magnesium alloy were prepared from alkaline solution composed of potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide. The immersion tests were carried out at the different concentration of sodium hydroxide and pre-treatment method in 5 minute. The morphology and the phase composition of the film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion behavior of the film in 5.0% NaCl solution was evaluated using potentiodyanmic polarization. Open circuit potential in developing film was examined with time. The thin and transparent film was mainly composed of MgO and $Mg(OH)_2$. The film with the best corrosion resistance was obtained at $70^{\circ}C$ bath temperature, 1.6 M concentration of sodium hydroxide and chemical pre-treatment.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권8호
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• pp.724-729
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• 2010

The effect of potassium permanganate ($KMnO_4$) in an electrolyte on the corrosion performance of magnesium alloy coated by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has been investigated in this study. For this purpose, MAO coating was carried out on the present sample under AC condition in an alkaline silicate electrolyte with and without $KMnO_4$. Irrespective of the addition of $KMnO_4$, it was found from structural observation that the ceramic coating layers consisted of inner and outer layers. In the sample processed in the electrolyte with $KMnO_4$, the outer layer became dense and even contained a number of $Mn_2O_3$ atoms, resulting in high corrosion resistance. Based on the results of a potentiodynamic polarization test, it was confirmed that the coating layer formed in the electrolyte with $KMnO_4$exhibited better corrosion resistance than that without $KMnO_4$. The high corrosion resistance of the MAO-treated magnesium alloy was explained in relation to the equivalent circuit model.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2006

순수 형태 또는 약제 중 네오마이신과 스트렙토마이신을 신속하게 분석하는 인증된 분광광도법적 방법을 기술하였다. 이 방법은 산성 용액 속에서 기지 과량의 과망간산포타슘으로 약품을 산화시킨 다음 미반응의 과망간산을 아마란스(방법 A), 산성 오렌지 II(방법 B), 인디고카민(방법 C) 및 메틸렌블루(방법 D) 색소로 각각 lmax=521, 485, 610 및 664 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 정량하는 방법이다. 네오마이신과 스트렙토마이신의 농도 범위 5-10 및 2-7 mg mL-1에서 Beer의 법칙이 성립되었으며 겉보기 몰흡수계수와 sendell 감도 값은 네오마이신과 스트렙토마이신에 대하여 각각 5.47-6.20´104, 2.35-2.91´105 L mol-1 cm-1 및 7.57-8.59, 5.01-6.2 ng cm-2 였다. 반응에 영향을 미치는 여러 변수를 조사하여 최적화하였으며 이 방법을 순수 Çü태 × 약제 Çü태의 약품에 적용하여 좋은 Á확도와 정밀도로 정량하였다. á제의 방해는 관찰되지 않았으며 얻어진 결과는 공인 석법을 사용하여 얻은 aacute;과와 잘 일치하였다.