Observational methods such as OWAS, RULA, and REBA have been widely used to identify posture-related risks of musculoskeletal disorders in industry, since they are useful and efficient in evaluating postural stresses. However. there are few studies comparing the methods and providing guidelines for selecting and using the methods. They have been developed based on different backgrounds and with different application areas. Each method has its own characteristics. which must be considered in selecting and using them. In this study. 17 male subjects evaluated 42 different working postures that frequently assumed in the automobile assembly line using a psychophysical method. The postures were then evaluated by different observational methods. The results of the observational methods were compared with psychophysically evaluated stresses. The observational methods resulted in different values of stresses for certain postures. For some postures showing high values of perceived discomfort. the observational methods showed different values of stresses. These results showed that the observational methods should be used differently according to application area and they have some weak points to be improved.
Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
/
v.10
no.2
/
pp.19-26
/
2018
Many people do not realize that they have poor neck posture. Incorrect forward head posture can lead to turtle neck. This aim to development of specific chair to reduce tension and other symptoms of turtle neck posture. This turtle neck syndrome adjusting chair is a chair that supports the hip and shin of a person to help them correct their posture. It is consisted of the shin support that supports the shin in an angle and the hip support that supports one's hip while the shin is supported at an angle, the main frame that has the two of them connected and the fluid seat that is joined at the top of the hip support and reacts accordingly to the shape of the hip. This is a posture correction chair which has the fluid seat that provides unstable hip support so that it can allow a person to realize their posture from the constant stimulation about the posture. When one seats on the posture correction chair, their hip and shin are supported at an angle that straitens their back, and as their back is straightened, their shoulders and chest are opened, and the neck is positioned at the middle to help them correct their posture. An unbalanced posture causes discomfort to the person seated at the chair, and the person sitting on the posture correction chair will continuously adjust his/her posture to balance the hips to keep the correct posture. Through this process, the person shall adjust his/her left and right posture, ultimately increasing the effectiveness of posture correction. A future collective study on the continuous posture correction of people having turtle neck syndrome using this posture correction chair is required.
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between masseter and cervical muscle activity and temporomandibular disorder in female office workers. Methods : Experimental group of 24 healthy subjects complained of temporomandibular joint related to computer use which lasted more than 3 months in the past year and was present in the past 7 days as well as on the day of test. Control group of 20 healthy subjects had no complaints of minimal discomfort on the day of test, and had no discomfort in the past 7 days. If they had reported discomfort in the past 12 months, it was of a short duration(<3 months) and resolved at least 3 months prior to participation. Outcomes were assessed by meridian-electromyography(MEMG), whole spin x-ray, mandibular function impairment questionnaire(MFIQ), neck disability index(NDI), visual analog scale(VAS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), stress reaction inventory(SRI) and Holmes & Rahe social readjustment rating scale(SRRS). Results : The contraction power of masseter muscle, upper trapezius, sternocleido-mastoid muscle and erector spinae by MEMG was significantly higher in the experimental group. The muscle fatigue of masseter muscle and sternodeido-mastoid muscle by MEMG was significantly higher in the experimental group. SRI was significantly higher in experimental group. There was no significant difference between two groups in the Jackson's angle, Cobb's method and cranio-cervical posture. Conclusions : The results suggest that temporomandibular disorder related mental stress but physical stress does not change cervical structure significantly.
Seo, Yu-Jin;Kim, Su-Jung;Munkhshur, Janchivdorj;Chung, Kyu-Rhim;Ngan, Peter;Kim, Seong-Hun
The korean journal of orthodontics
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v.44
no.4
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pp.203-216
/
2014
The purpose of the current report is to present 6-year long-term stability and 10-year follow-up data for an adult patient who was treated with a tongue elevator for relapsed anterior open-bite. The 19-year-old male patient presented with the chief complaint of difficulty in chewing his food. Collectively, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed an anterior open-bite, low tongue posture, and tongue-tie. The patient opted for orthodontic treatment alone, without any surgical procedure. A lingual frenectomy was recommended to avoid the risk of relapse, but the patient declined because he was not experiencing tongue discomfort. Initial treatment of the anterior open-bite with molar intrusion and tongue exercises was successful, but relapse occurred during the retention period. A tongue elevator was used for retreatment, because the approach was minimally invasive and suited the patient's requirements regarding discomfort, cost, and time. The appliance changed the tongue posture and generated an altered tongue force, which ultimately resulted in intrusive dentoalveolar effects, and a subsequent counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. The results showed long-term stability and were maintained for six years through continual use of the tongue elevator. The results of this case indicated that a tongue elevator could be used not only as an alternative treatment for open-bite, but also as an active retainer.
IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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v.17
no.1
/
pp.1-7
/
2022
The number of patients with many complications grows with the increase of aging population. As the elders and severely ill patients spend most of their time in bed, it leads to Pressure Injuries (PI) such as bedsores. Unfortunately, there is no method to automatically detect changes in patient's posture which leads to the need for a caregiver every set of times when the patient needs to be moved. Many studies are conducted to solve this inefficient problem. Yet, these studies require costly devices or use methods that disturb patient's sleeping environment. Those methods are mostly hard to implement in practice due to these reasons. We propose a method to detect posture using a three-axis acceleration sensor from the wrist band. We developed a wearable watch that measures sleep-related data. We analyzed 40 people's sleep data with a wearable module and watch to measure their postures such as supine, left-side, and right-side. Then, we compared the classified posture from the watch with the wearable module and achieved 90% accuracy. Therefore, we concluded that only by using the wearable watch, we can detect the sleeping position without any new equipment or system to diagnose the patients without discomfort during their daily lives.
This study was performed to measure the posture correction effect of wearing ergonomic experimental clothing. Two types of experimental clothing (A, B) were developed. Both of them reinforced the muscles surrounding the spine. Experimental clothing A was developed by reflecting the shape and position of the pectoralis major muscle, abdominal muscle, and latissimus dorsi muscle. Experiment clothing B was developed by reflecting the integrated form of those muscles. Subjects were males in their 20s~30s (n=32). They were divided into two groups based on their acromion distance (AD): the turtle neck syndrome group (n=16, AD=3.81cm) and the normal group (n=16, AD=1.27cm). The correction of body posture was detected by three index values: change of the cervical curvature angle, horizontal distance between the seventh cervical vertebra and tragion, and AD. The comfort and tightness of the clothing were also measured. The results showed that both types of experimental clothing corrected body posture and that turtle neck syndrome can be prevented by wearing these types of posture correcting clothing. Two index values were decreased: cervical curvature angle ($0.31{\sim}1.32^{\circ}$) and horizontal distance between seventh cervical vertebra and tragion (0.22~0.31cm). The chest was also stretched. The comfort was rated as good for both types of experimental clothing. These results indicate that the experimental clothing had a posture correction effect without any discomfort for daily living.
Manual materials handling tasks are the main risk factors for the work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Many assistant tools for manual materials handling are being used in various kind of industries. One of them is a 4-wheeled cart which is widely used in manufacturing factories, hospitals, etc. The major force required to control the 4-wheeled cart is pushing and pulling. There are two types of handles being used for the 4-wheeled cart : vertical type (two vertical handles), and horizontal type (one horizontal handle). This study tried to investigate the pushing forces and subjective discomforts (hand/writst, shoulder, low back, and overall) of the two handle types with different handle height and distance conditions. Twelve healthy male students (mean age = 23.4 years) participated in the experiment. The independent variables were handle angle (horizontal, vertical), handle height (low, medium, high), and handle distance (narrow, medium, wide). The full factorial design was used for the experiment and the maximum pushing forces were measured in 18 different conditions ($2{\times}3{\times}3$). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure was conducted to test the effects of the independent variables on the pushing force and discomfort levels. Handle height and angle were found to be the critical design factors that affect the maximal pushing forces and subjective discomfort. In the middle height, subjects exerted higher pushing forces, and experience lower discomfort levels compared to the high, and low height. There was no statistical influence of the handle distance to the pushing forces and subjective discomfort levels. It was found out that the effects of the handle angle (horizontal and vertical) on both pushing force and subjective discomfort were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The vertical handle revealed higher pushing force and lower discomfort level than the horizontal handle. The reason for that was thought to be the different postures of the hand when grasping the handles. The horizontal handle induced pronaton of the hand and made hand posture more deviated from the neutral position.
Kim, Darae;Choi, Hyungyun;Lee, Joungho;Ahn, Sungmin;Lee, Shiuk
Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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v.21
no.5
/
pp.121-129
/
2013
To find a healthy driving posture, in this study, survey and empirical analysis given onto measurement of car-seat angle has been performed. Among 153 male respondents, those drivers who has minimum 5 year experience and 2 hours daily driving has been selected by a multiple screening process. They were further confirmed to have no discomfort history in any body region caused by the driving task. Final 44 people verified that their actual driving posture is not significantly different (p = 0.692) from healthy one they think. And their data, accordingly, the healthy driving postures are clustered based on the same seat-cushion angle, seat-back angle and trunk-thigh angle. Consequently, three seat-angles of the 44 subjects showed a significant difference only with their height information which is the most effecting factor on driving posture among the physical characteristics. That is a first result categorized healthy driving posture classified physical, if it were departmentalized into additional study, could be able to reflected a factor of "healthy" on car seat design.
Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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1995.04a
/
pp.787-796
/
1995
A man model is a useful design tool for the evaluation of man machine systems and products. An arm reach trajectory prediction for such a model will be specifically useful to present human activities and, consequently, could increase the accuracy and reality of the evaluation. In this study, a three-dimensional reach trajectory prediction model was developed using an inverse kinematics technique. The upper body was modeled as a four link open kinematic chain with seven degrees of freedom. The Resolved Motion Method used for the robot kinematics problem was used to predict the joint movements. The cost function of the perceived discomfort developed using the central composite design was also used as a performance function. This model predicts the posture by moving the joints to minimize the discomfort on the constraint of the end effector velocity directed to a target point. The results of the pairwise t-test showed that all the joint coordinates except the shoulder joint's showed statistically no differences at .alpha. = 0.01. The reach trajectory prediction model developed in this study was found to accurately simulate human arm reach trajectory and the model will help understand the human arm reach movement.
Many WMSDs(work-related-musculoskeletal disorders) have been reported in diverse industries and have also attracted much attention in recent years. Neck-related MSD is generally known as one of common WMSDs, especially it happens to workers who are working at the automobile assembly plants and/or shipyards. The awkward posture is considered as a main cause of neck-related MSDs. A neck supporter was developed to prevent neck-related MSDs, and 10 males were recruited to evaluate the newly developed neck supporter by measuring subjective discomfort ratings of whole body, shoulder, neck and neck-muscle activities. Muscle activities from four neck muscle groups(left/right sternocleidomastoid and upper/middle trapezius) were measured while simulating an automobile assembly task. Results showed that the neck supporter help to significantly improve subjective discomfort for whole-body, shoulder as well as neck body parts. The analyses of muscular activities also showed that the activities of left/right sternocleidomastoid muscles were statistically decreased with the neck supporter in this study. The muscle activities of upper/middle trapezius in case of wearing the neck supporter were not significantly different with the muscle activities in case of no-wearing the neck supporter. Overall findings verified that the neck supporter might help to prevent neck-related MSDs based on the current study.
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