• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2018

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of mulligan taping group and repeated measurement group on muscle activity and grip strength of adult with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty adults with forward head posture were randomly assigned to each of 15 mulligan taping and repeat measurement groups. The mulligan taping group measured the pre-test and post-test muscle activity and the grip strength three times and compared the mean values. The repeat group was repeatedly measured and measured before and after the experiment, The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical program. Results: There was no significant difference between mulligan taping group and repeated measurement group in changes of muscle activity. There was a significant difference between mulligan taping group and repeated measurement group in changes of grip strength. Conclusions: Mulligan taping was applied to an adult with forward head posture, there was no significant change in muscle activity of flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus, but it seems to improve hand function by re-aligned of nearby muscles by maintaining scapular stability.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 2012

The current research examines the aching part and the muscle activity that happens during scaling practice subject to 20 dental hygienic students and therefore propose a basic data according to the working attitude of the Dental Hygienist. During the scaling we used the free EMG (BTS Inc., Milan, Italy) to measure the muscle activity, and in order to check the musculoskeletal pain area we used the Nordic-style questionnaire, and the measured research results are as following: At the moment of scaling according to posture the occurrence of the pain showed no difference among the groups elbow, back, leg, knee, ankle/foot but in the neck, shoulder, wrist/hand, waist showed a high difference in the degree of pain according to posture. Results from measuring the muscular activity according to posture, in the group that had a good posture, the trapezius and brachial muscles showed a change according to time, and in the group that had a bad posture a high muscle activity was shown in larynx, trapezius and brachial muscles. In the muscle activity, the changing aspect between the two parts, the group that fulfilled a scaling in a good posture showed a low muscle activity, but in the group that fulfilled the scaling in a bad posture the muscle activity increased excessively. Therefore we examined that when fulfilling a scaling maintaining a bad posture can help in using more effectively the activity of the muscle, in the future I think there is a need to raise the office efficiency by subjecting to dental hyginiest that are in the clinics and performing experiments.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2016

Background: For the treatment of forward head posture (FHP) and forward shoulder posture, methods for strengthening scapular retractors and deep cervical flexors and stretching pectoralis and upper cervical extensors are generally used. No study has yet assessed whether suboccipital release (SR) followed by cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE) (SR-CCFE) will result in a positive change in the shoulders and neck, showing a "downstream" effect. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of SR-CCFE on craniovertebral angle (CVA), shoulder abduction range of motion (ROM), shoulder pain, and muscle activities of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA) and LT/UT and SA/UT muscle activity ratios during maximal shoulder abduction in subjects with FHP. Methods: In total, 19 subjects (7 males, 12 females) with FHP were recruited. The subject performed the fifth phase of CCFE immediately after receiving SR. CVA, shoulder abduction ROM, shoulder pain, muscle activities of UT, LT, and SA, and LT/UT and SA/UT muscle activity ratios during maximal shoulder abduction were measured immediately after SR-CCFE. A paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to determine the significance of differences in scores between pre- and post-intervention in the same group. Results: The CVA (p<.001) and shoulder abduction ROM (p<.001) were increased significantly post-versus pre-intervention. Shoulder pain was decreased significantly (p<.001), and LT (p<.05) and SA (p<.05) muscle activities were increased significantly post- versus pre-intervention. The LT/UT muscle activity ratio was increased significantly post- versus pre-intervention (p<.05). However, there was no significant change in UT muscle activity and SA/UT muscle activity ratio between pre- and post-intervention (p>.05). Conclusion: SR-CCFE was an effective intervention to improve FHP and induce downstream effect from the neck to the trunk and shoulders in subjects with FHP.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2016

Background: A forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common types of poor head posture in patients with neck disorder. A prolonged FHP might increase pressure on the posterior cranio-cervical structure and exhibit reduced performance on a cranio-cervical flexion test (CCFT). CCFT is included to activate deep cervical flexor muscles and inhibit excessive activation of superficial cervical flexor muscles. Therefore, the selective activation of deep cervical flexors is needed for effective exercise for FHP. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle thickness between longus colli (Lco) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) using ultrasonography in subjects with FHP depending on head support. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control research design study. The ultrasonographic images of Lco and SCM were taken in 17 subjects with FHP during the 5 phases of the CCFT with and without a head support. Towel was used for supporting head to make the neutral head position in supine. Changes in muscle thickness during the test were calculated to infer muscle activation. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of two-way analysis of variance with the significance level of .05. Results: When subjects performed the CCFT with head support, there was a significant difference in muscle thickness of Lco and SCM (p<.05). According to a post hoc paired t-test, change of thickness of Lco was greater at all phases, and change of thickness of SCM muscle was less at phase 4 and 5 in condition with head support (p<.01) compared to condition without head support (p<.01). Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that applying head support for neutral head position during CCFT could be a useful method for activating Lco muscle without excessive activation of SCM muscle.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2006

The isometric rehabilitation program was applied to 47 people of the aged low back patients(man 22 people, woman 25 people) twice a week for 8weeks. The Medx was used to study an effect on a change for extended strength ratio(ESR) according to a posture change. The isometric ESR at each flexion angle ($0^{\circ}$, $12^{\circ}$, $24^{\circ}$, $36^{\circ}$, $48^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $72^{\circ})$ was measured total 3times("before excercise", "on 4th week after excercise", "8th week after excercise") and analyzed. So, we could come to a conclusion as follows. 1. The maximum extended strength measured at a range of 7 angles for an isometric excercise of 8 weeks increased than "before an excercise", including that men have an increase of 39.51% and women have 62.92% in training effect. All of men and women showed statistically significant increase in physical strength(p<.001).excercise") and analyzed. So, we could come to a conclusion as follows. 2. After an excercise of 8 weeks, man showed 62.17% at zero degree and 49.115% at 12 degree respectively in maximum extended strength. Women showed 106.6% at zero degree and 86.16% at 12 degree. In view of this, respectively man have increase rate of physical strength over 31% and women have over 46% at all angles, also have significant increase in extension angle(p<.001). 3. A change for isometric ESR have a decrease of 27.68% for men and 74.66% for women than before isometric excercise of 8 weeks statistically significantly(p<.05, p<.00l). Men showed 1.77:1 of a similar ratio in the decrease effect comparing with normal people, but women showed 225:1.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.451-461
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study identified the effect of abdominal muscle contraction using changes in waist circumference for healthcare workers with back pain due to inadequate posture during working hours. Methods: In this study, we provided educational training focused on posture alignment and utilized waist circumference change sensors to induce the contraction of abdominal muscles as a method to address low back pain in healthcare workers. All 32 participants received the same training and then were assigned to two groups: wearing the keeping core band (CB) and not wearing the keeping core band (NCB). For the CB group, the waist circumference change sensor was applied for 6 weeks during working hours. Wilcoxon's signed-ranks test and paired t-tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. All statistical significance levels were set to α=0.05. Results: Trunk muscle endurance increased significantly in the CB group. There was no significant difference in stability index to evaluate static postural control, but active hip abduction tests, which evaluate dynamic postural control, showed significant decrease in the CB group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the induction of abdominal contraction using the waist circumference change sensor may improve the trunk muscle endurance and the postural control ability of the hip and pelvis of healthcare workers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1986.10a
• /
• pp.317-320
• /
• 1986

A co-operative position control is proposed for two robot manipulators with 5 degree of freedoms to transfer an object following a specified trajectory, where each manipulator is assumed to change the posture of its end effector without releasing the object.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.956-964
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of continuous muscle strengthening applied to the antagonist of the sternocleidomatoid, upper trapezius, and pectoralis major, which are the shortened muscles of forward head posture(FHP) subjects, and Evjenth-Hamberg stretching(EHS) applied to the shortened muscles on changes in pressure pain threshold(PPT). Twenty subjects were divided into the continuous antagonist strengthening(CAS) group(n=10) and the EHS group(n=10), and each group performed its respective exercise three times a week for a six week period. The results were as follows: The comparison of changes in PPT within each group before and after the treatment showed a statistically significant difference(p<.05) according to the treatment period and a statistically significant difference according to the treatment period and method(p<.05). While the comparison of the tests of between subjects effects between the groups did not show a statistically significant difference, the CAS group exhibited better effects. The above results suggest that the combined application of CAS and EHS generates better effects on changes in PPT than the single application of EHS. Given that stretching and muscle strengthening exercises even for the short research period of six weeks could change the PPT, continuous exercises and a correct postural habit for a longer period of time are likely to help prevent chronic pain and correct FHP.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1998.07g
• /
• pp.2309-2311
• /
• 1998

The attitude control of a double inverted pendulum with a periodical disturbance at link top is dealt in this paper. The proposed system is consisted of the double inverted pendulum and a disturbance link. The lower link is hinged on the plate to free for rotation in the vertical plane. The upper link is connected to the lower link through a DC motor. The DC motor is used to control the posture of the pendulum by adjusting the position of the upper link. The periodical disturbance can be generated by the additional link attached at the end of link 2 through another DC motor, which is the modeling of a posture for a biped supporting with one leg. The motor for the joint simulates the knee joint(or hip joint) and the disturbance for the legs moving in air. The algorithm for controlling a proposed inverted pendulum is consisted of a state feedback control and a fuzzy logic controller. The fuzzy controller keeps the center of gravity of the biped within the specified range through the nonlinear feedback compensator. The state feedback control takes over the role to maintain a desired posture regardless the disturbance at the link top. In these case, the change of the angle and COG of an upper link is compensated with on-line. Simulations with a mathematical model are conducted to show the validity of the proposed controller.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.587-593
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we propose a method to solve the difficulties in constructing an environment capable of practical training on the theoretical contents of robot control field. We make a two-wheeled mobile robot with Segway structure using LEGO block. In order to demonstrate the validity of using the developed robot as a practical application of advanced control theory of robotics education such as dynamic system and nonlinear system, the robot takes a stable posture while balancing the change of gravity during running. The results of the experiment are shown. By presenting the results, the robots made using the LEGO block are used for practical training of advanced control theory of robotics. It can be used as a tool.