• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.617-624
• /
• 2008

잘 설계된 철골 모멘트 접합부의 경우, 유효회전능력에 도달하기 전에 국부좌굴이 발생하고 비탄성 후좌굴 변형이 접합부 회전능력을 정의하는데 중대한 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서는 국부좌굴로 인한 강도저하와 보 소성힌지의 회전을 모델링하여, 단조증가하중 및 반복하중이 작 용하는 특별철골모멘트골조의 강접합 보-기둥 접합부의 회전능력을 예측하기 위한 근사적 해석모델을 제안한다. 제안된 항복선 소성힌지 모델은 좌굴된 소성힌지부의 형상에 기초하여 항복선과 소성존으로 구성되고, 소성메커니즘을 통해 국부좌굴후의 거동까지 포함한 모멘트-회전각 관계를 제 공한다. 향상된 WUF-W 와 RBS 접합부를 위해 제안된 모델을 개발한 후 실험결과와 비교를 통해 검증하였다. 동반논문(변수연구)에서는 광범위 한 H-형강의 기하학적 변수 따른 접합부 회전능력에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.476-484
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to verify the structural integrity of a region with numerous penetration-holes in offshore structures such as semi-submersible rig and FPSO. In order to effectively check the yielding and buckling strength of plate members with penetration-holes, a screening analysis program was developed with the FE analysis tool to generate fine meshed model using the theoretical and analysis methods. When a hole is appeared in the plate structure members, the flow of stress is altered such that concentrations of stress form near the hole. Stress concentrations are of concern during both preliminary and detail design and need to be addressed from the perspectives of strength. To configure the geometrical shape, very fine meshed FE analysis is needed as the most accurate method. However, this method is practically impossible to apply for the strength verifications for all perforated plates. In this paper, screening analysis method was introduced to reduce analysis tasks prior to detailed FE analysis. This method is applied to not only the peak stress calculation combined stress concentration factor with nominal stress but also nominal equivalent stress calculation considering cutout effects. The areas investigated by very fine meshed analysis were to be chosen through screening analysis without any reinforcements for penetration-holes. If screening analysis results did not satisfy the acceptance criteria, direct FE analysis method as the 2nd step approach were applied with one of the coarse meshed model considering hole or with the very fine meshed model considering the hole shape and size. In order to effectively perform the local fine meshed analysis, automatic model generating program was developed based on the MSC/PATRAN which is pre-post FE analysis program. Buckling strength was also evaluated by Common Structure Rule (CSR) adopted by IACS as the stress obtained from very fine meshed FE analysis. Due to development of the screening analysis program and automatic FE modeling program, it was able to reduce the design periods and structural analysis costs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.309-324
• /
• 2022

The post-fire elastic stiffness and performance of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns containing recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has rarely been addressed, particularly in terms of material properties. This study was conducted with the aim of assessing the modulus of elasticity of recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (RACFST) stub columns following thermal loading. The test data were employed to model and assess the elastic modulus of circular RACFST stub columns subjected to axial loading after exposure to elevated temperatures. The length/diameter ratio of the specimens was less than three to prevent the sensitivity of overall buckling for the stub columns. The gene expression programming (GEP) method was employed for the model development. The GEP model was derived based on a comprehensive experimental database of heated and non-heated RACFST stub columns that have been properly gathered from the open literature. In this study, by using specifications of 149 specimens, the variables were the steel section ratio, applied temperature, yielding strength of steel, compressive strength of plain concrete, and elastic modulus of steel tube and concrete core (RAC). Moreover, parametric and sensitivity analyses were also performed to determine the contribution of different effective parameters to the post-fire elastic modulus. Additionally, comparisons and verification of the effectiveness of the proposed model were made between the values obtained from the GEP model and the formulas proposed by different researchers. Through the analyses and comparisons of the developed model against formulas available in the literature, the acceptable accuracy of the model for predicting the post-fire modulus of elasticity of circular RACFST stub columns was seen.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.227-227
• /
• 2000

Pressure vessels usually consist of main body and pipes which are connected with the main body. And as joining method of such main body and pipes, welding is carried out. After welding, welding residual stresses inevitably occur around welded joints. As residual stresses act harmfully on fatigue strength, corrosion and buckling strength of structure, PWHT is carried out for the purpose of removing the residual stress. But, during PWHT process, 2 ¼Cr-1Mo steels are frequently apt to generate reheat crack. For this reason, it is strongly needed to analyze and examine the mechanical behavior of welded joints before and after PWHT process. So, in this study, welded nozzle parts of pressure vessel where reheat cracks frequently occur are selected for examining the mechanism of crack-occurrence. (Received December 2, 1999)

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 2000

Pressure vessels usually consist of main body and pipes which are connected with the main body. And as joining method of such main body and pipes, welding is carried out. After welding, welding residual stresses inevitably occur around welded joints. As residual stresses act harmfully on fatigue strength, corrosion and buckling strength of structure, PWHT is carried out for the purpose of removing the residual stress. But, during PWHT process, $2\frac{1}{4}Cr-1Mo$ steels are frequently apt to generate reheat crack. For this reason, it is strongly needed to analyze and examine the mechanical behavior of welded joints before and after PWHT process. So, in this study, welded nozzle parts of pressure vessel where reheat cracks frequently occur are selected for examining the mechanism of crack-occurrence.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.107-122
• /
• 2020

Moment resisting stub columns (MRSCs) have increasingly adopted in special moment-resisting frame (SMF) systems in steel building structures, especially in Asian countries. The MRSCs typically provide a lower deformation capacity compared to shear-panel stub columns, a limited post-yield stiffness, and severe strength degradation as adopting slender webs. A new MRSC design with cored configuration, consisting of a core-segment and two side-segments using different steel grades, has been proposed in the study to improve the demerits mentioned above. Several full-scale components of the cored MRSC were experimentally investigated focusing on the hysteretic performance of plastic hinges at the ends. The effects of the depths of the core-segment and the adopted reduced column section details on the hysteretic behavior of the components were examined. The measured hysteretic responses verified that the cored MRSC enabled to provide early yielding, great ductility and energy dissipation, enhanced post-yield stiffness and limited strength degradation due to local buckling of flanges. A parametric study upon the dimensions of the cored MRSC was then conducted using numerical discrete model validated by the measured responses. Finally, a set of model equations were established based on the results of the parametric analysis to accurately estimate strength backbone curves of the cored MRSCs under increasing-amplitude cyclic loadings.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2002

시편 게이지 면적($길이{\;}{\times}{\;}폭$)의 이차원 크기효과가 T300/924 $[45/-45/0/90]_3s$ 탄소섬유/에폭시 적층판의 압축거동에 대해 조사하였다. 개조된 압축시험치구(ICSTM)와 좌굴방지장치가 $30mm{\;}{\times}{\;}30mm,{\;}50mm{\;}{\times}{\;}50mm,{\;}70mm{\;}{\times}{\;}70mm,{\;}90mm{\;}{\times}{\;}90mm$의 게이지 길이와 폭을 가진 시편들의 압축시험에 사용하였다. 모든 경우의 파괴들은 시편 게이지 길이 내에서 주로 갑자기 발생하였다. 파괴 후 분석결과는 $0^{\circ}$층의 섬유의 미소좌굴에 의해 파괴를 시작하여 최종파괴를 일으키는 임계파괴기구일 것으로 생각되었다. 이것은 매트릭스 지배적인 파괴를 의미하며, 초기섬유굴곡에 따라 파괴가 지배적으로 시작된다는 것을 말한다 이것은 또한 제작공정과 품질이 압축강도를 결정하는 중요한 역할을 한다고 볼 수 있다. 좌굴방지장치를 장착하고 시험할 때 장치의 볼트 조임 토크에 따라 시편과의 접촉마찰 등에 의해 실제 압축강도 보다 크게 나타나는 결과를 보였다. 좌굴방지장치의 영향을 유한요소법을 이용하여 해석한 결과 실제 압축강도 보다 7% 정도 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 부가적으로 홀을 갖는 시편들의 압축시험도 수행되었다. 홀에 의한 국부응력집중이 적층판 강도에 지배적 요인이었다. 파괴강도는 홀 크기와 시편 폭이 증가할수록 감소하였으나 탄성응력집중계수로 예측된 값보다는 일반적으로 크게 나타났다. 이것은 사용된 복합재가 이상적인 취성재질이 아니라는 것을 의미하며 홀 주위에서 다소간의 응력이완이 발생한다고 볼 수 있다. X선 검사 사진분석에서 섬유좌굴과 층간분리형태의 손상이 파괴하중의 약 80%에서 홀 가장자리로부터 시작되었고 임계파괴크랙길이인 2-3mm의 불안정한 상태에 도달하기 전까지는 하중 증가와 더불어 안정되게 파괴가 진전되었다(시편의 기하학적 크기에 의존함). 이 손상과 파괴는 선형 cohesive zone 모델로 해석되었다. 노치없는 시편의 압축강도와 평면 파괴인성의 측정된 적층판 변수들을 사용하여 홀의 크기와 시편 폭의 함수로서 홀을 갖는 적층판의 압축강도를 성공적으로 예측하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 공칭인장강도 800MPa를 지니는 고강도 강재로 조립된 H형강보의 횡지지거리에 따른 횡비틀림 좌굴강도를 현행 강구조설계기준(KBC 2009, AISC-LRFD 2010)을 바탕으로 평가하였다. 현행 기준은 고강도 강재와 응력도-변형도 특성이 확연히 다른 항복강도 350MPa 이하의 일반강을 전제로 정립된 것으로서, 고강도 강재에 대한 현행 기준의 적합성 여부가 우선 검토되어야 한다. 본 연구의 실험체는 모두 컴팩트 단면으로서 춤-폭비(H/B) 1.7을 갖는 실험군 A(상대적 뒤틀림 강성을 통한 모멘트전달이 작은 경우)와 2.7을 갖는 실험군 B(상대적으로 모멘트전달에 뒤틀림 강성 크게 기여하는 경우)로 구성하였다. 항복 이후의 응력도-변형도 특성의 영향을 받는 비탄성 횡좌굴 거동이 유발되도록 횡지지거리를 제어하면서 횡지지 구간 내에 균등모멘트가 작용하도록 가력하였다. 두 실험군 모두 현행 기준에 요구하는 강도를 충분히 상회하였고, 특히 뒤틀림 거동을 통한 모멘트전달이 크지 않은 실험군 A의 일부실험체는 소성설계에서 요구하는 수준의 회전능력까지 발휘하였다. 이들 실험결과는 현행 기준을 고강도 강재에 보수적으로 확대하여 적용할 수 있음을 보여준다. 실험결과를 좀더 심층적으로 분석하기 위해 일반강 및 고강도강의 응력도-변형도 특성을 고려한 H형강보의 횡지지거리에 따른 비탄성 횡좌굴강도 산정식을 유효접선계수를 반영하여 해석적으로 유도하였다. 이를 통해 소재의 항복강도와 탄성계수만을 고려하여 산정되는 현행 기준의 소성횡지지거리($L_p$) 제한식은, 항복참(yield plateau)없이 즉시 변형경화하는 고강도 강재에 적용하는 경우 보수적인 결과로 귀결됨을 입증하였다. 비탄성 횡좌굴 제어를 위한 횡지지거리는 소재의 항복강도 뿐만 아니라 항복 이후의 변형경화특성까지 반영하여 정의되는 타당하므로 이에 대한 개선의 필요성이 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.745-757
• /
• 2018

The inclusion of a ductile steel bracing as means of repairing an earthquake-damaged bridge bent is evaluated and experimentally assessed for the purposes of restoring the damaged bent's strength and stiffness and further improving the energy dissipation capacity. The study is focused on substandard reinforced concrete multi-column bridge bents constructed in the 1950 to mid-1970 in the United States. These types of bents have numerous deficiencies making them susceptible to seismic damage. Large-scale experiments were used on a two-column reinforced concrete bent to impose considerable damage of the bent through increasing amplitude cyclic deformations. The damaged bent was then repaired by installing a ductile fuse steel brace in the form of a buckling-restrained brace in a diagonal configuration between the columns and using post-tensioned rods to strengthen the cap beam. The brace was secured to the bent using steel gusset plate brackets and post-installed adhesive anchors. The repaired bent was then subjected to increasing amplitude cyclic deformations to reassess the bent performance. A subassemblage test of a nominally identical steel brace was also conducted in an effort to quantify and isolate the ductile fuse behavior. The experimental data from these large-scale experiments were analyzed in terms of the hysteretic response, observed damage, internal member loads, as well as the overall stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics. The results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing ductile steel bracing for restoring the bent and preventing further damage to the columns and cap beams while also improving the stiffness and energy dissipation characteristics.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.239-258
• /
• 2012

In this paper, experimental investigations on high strength steel (HSS) stud connected steel-concrete composite (SCC) girders to understand the effect of shear connector density on their flexural behaviour is presented. SCC girder specimens were designed for three different shear capacities (100%, 85%, and 70%), by varying the number of stud connectors in the shear span. Three SCC girder specimens were tested under monotonic/quasi-static loading, while three similar girder specimens were subjected to non-reversal cyclic loading under simply supported end conditions. Details of casting the specimens, experimental set-up, and method of testing, instrumentation for the measurement of deflection, interface-slip and strain are discussed. It is found that SCC girder specimen designed for full shear capacity exhibits interface slip for loads beyond 25% of the ultimate load capacity. Specimens with lesser degree of shear connection show lower values of load at initiation of slip. Very good ductility is exhibited by all the HSS stud connected SCC girder specimens. It is observed that the ultimate moment of resistance as well as ductility gets reduced for HSS stud connected SCC girder with reduction in stud shear connector density. Efficiency factor indicating the effectiveness of high strength stud connectors in resisting interface forces is estimated to be 0.8 from the analysis. Failure mode is primarily flexure with fracturing of stud connectors and characterised by flexural cracking and crushing of concrete at top in the pure bending region. Local buckling in the top flange of steel beam was also observed at the loads near to failure, which is influenced by spacing of studs and top flange thickness of rolled steel section. One of the recommendations is that the ultimate load capacity can be limited to 1.5 times the plastic moment capacity of the section such that the post peak load reduction is kept within limits. Load-deflection behaviour for monotonic tests compared well with the envelope of load-deflection curves for cyclic tests. It is concluded from the experimental investigations that use of HSS studs will reduce their numbers for given loading, which is advantageous in case of long spans. Buckling of top flange of rolled section is observed at failure stage. Provision of lips in the top flange is suggested to avoid this buckling. This is possible in case of longer spans, where normally built-up sections are used.