• Journal of Information Management
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.119-142
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• 2012

This study analyzed the characteristics of hyperlink service from news articles in chosun.com and washington Post sites. The study showed that the Washington Post revealed many hyperlink-related elements and an increase in interactivity while Chosun.com was not established consistent hyperlink service. Also, this study analyzed news distribution based on genre, as a result, the life section was occupied the highest proportion with 32.4% for Chosun.com, while the news sections were evenly distributed for the Washington Post. Finally, as a result of classifying the linked words into 3 categories(Informational, navigational, and transactional), the highest contents category in both Chosun.com and Washington Post turned out to be informational words. Theses results can be used to develop and provide the effective link service of news articles in internet newspaper sites.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.117-140
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• 2012

The proposed research includes a comprehensive study on the seismic vulnerability assessment of typical building types, representative of the structural materials, the seismic codes and the construction techniques of Southern Europe. A damage database is created after the elaboration of the results of the observational data obtained from post-earthquake surveys carried out in the area struck by the September 7, 1999 Athens earthquake, a near field seismic event in an extended urban region. The observational database comprises 180.945 buildings which developed damage of varying degree, type and extent. The dataset is elaborated in order to gather useful information about the structural parameters influence on the seismic vulnerability and their correlation to the type and degree of building damages in near field earthquakes. The damage calibration of the observational data was based on label - damage provided by Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO) in Greece and referred to the qualitative characterization for the recording of damage in post-earthquake surveys. Important conclusions are drawn on the parameters that influence the seismic response based on the wide homogeneous database which adds to the reliability of the collected information and reduces the scatter on the produced results.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2012

Since the national standard topographic map is made by DXF format which is the results of the National Geographic Information System project and lots of CAD data and scanners can be used to acquire the data easily, the imports of existing DXF file will decrease the costs and time for data acquisition process. In addition, the spatial data such as topographic map should be able to convert to the middle file format such as PostScript in order to be exported into other systems. For this purpose, I design and implement three units of modules, which are File Manipulation Module, MVF Import Module, and MVF Export Module. Finally, I verify the actual transformation of topographic map that are DXF file format by conducting the series of tests.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2012

The requirements for computational resources to perform the structural analysis are increasing rapidly. The size of the current analysis problems that are required from practical industry is typically large-scale with more than millions degrees of freedom (DOFs). These large-scale analysis problems result in the requirements of high-performance analysis codes as well as hardware systems such as supercomputer systems or cluster systems. In this paper, the pre- and post-processing system for supercomputing based large-scale structural analysis is presented. The proposed system has 3-tier architecture and three main components; geometry viewer, pre-/post-processor and supercomputing manager. To analyze large-scale problems, the ADVENTURE solid solver was adopted as a general-purpose finite element solver and the supercomputer named 'tachyon' was adopted as a parallel computational platform. The problem solving performance and scalability of this structural analysis system is demonstrated by illustrative examples with different sizes of degrees of freedom.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.3196-3202
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• 2012

Post-synthesis is used to synthesize organic hybrid inorganic mesoporous sieves. In this method, the activity and structure of the base sieve are crucial to obtain the definable hybrid materials. The chemical and physical properties of the base can be largely changed either by the final step of its synthesizing processes, by template removal which is accomplished with the oxidative thermal decomposition (burning) method or by solvent extraction method. In this paper we compared two methods for the post-synthesis of organic hybrid MCM-48. When the template was extracted with HCl/alcohol mixture, the final product showed larger pore size, larger pore volume and better crystallinity compared to the case of the thermal decomposition. The reactivity of the surface silanol group of template free MCM-48 was also checked with an alkylsilylation reagent $CH_2=CHSi(OC_2H_5)_3$. Raman and $^{29}Si$ NMR spectra of MCM-48 in the test reaction indicated that more of the organic group was grafted to the surface of the sample after the template was removed with the solvent extraction method. Direct synthesis of vinyl-MCM-48 was also investigated and its characteristics were compared with the case of post-synthesis. From the results, it was suggested that the structure and chemical reactivity can be maintained in the solvent extraction method and that organic grafting after the solvent extraction can be a good candidate to synthesize a definable hybrid porous material.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.91-96
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the rationality for public organizations' cost allocation method through the case of special post offices. The proper use of allocation method is crucial to promote and nurture the public organization sector. On that note, this paper presents how to apply the proper estimation method. The cost allocation method is to split the total expense into appropriate services and departments. Using the basic expense rate and the standard depreciation rate and area at each post office, the total cost is calculated into the cost per person and area. As a result, the correct cost can be assigned through allocation per according service unit.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2012

The non-utilized biomass of the aquacultured seaweed Undaria pinnatifida, particularly the rhizoid, is an alternative source of arachidonic acid (AA). Of the five aquacultured kelps that were tested, U. pinnatifida yielded the highest amount of AA, which was isolated from the rhizoids. Its identity (C20:4 n-6) was confirmed from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry spectral data. The optimal conditions for post-harvest storage or pretreatment of the rhizoids in Provasoli's enriched seawater for AA extraction were determined to be pH 7.8, 2% $CO_2$-enriched air, 20 ${\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ light, and $10^{\circ}C$. Under these conditions, the AA content after 1 day of storage was enhanced by up to 127%. In the absence of light under ambient aeration, the AA content after 1 day of storage diminished to 90%. Rhizoids collected late in the season (April and May) contained the highest amounts of AA (approximately 2.5 mg/g tissue).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.120-123
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• 2012

Objective : Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is usually carried out under three-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic guidance. However, operative complications or bone cement distribution might be difficult to assess on the basis of only 2D radiographic projection images. We evaluated the feasibility of performing an intraoperative and postoperative examination in patients undergoing PVP by using three-dimensional (3D) reconstructive C-arm. Methods : Standard PVP procedures were performed on 14 consecutive patients by using a Siremobil Iso-$C^{3D}$ and a multidetector computed tomography machine. Post-processing of acquired volumetric datasets included multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and surface shaded display (SSD). We analyzed intraoperative and immediate postoperative evaluation of the needle trajectory and bone cement distribution. Results : The male : female ratio was 2 : 12; mean age of patients, 70 (range, 77-54) years; and mean T score, -3.4. The mean operation time was 52.14 min, but the time required to perform and post-process the rotational acquisitions was 7.76 min. The detection of bone cement distribution and leakage after PVP by using MPR and SSD was possible in all patients. However, detection of the safe trajectory for needle insertion was not possible. Conclusion : 3D rotational image acquisition can enable intra- or post-procedural assessment of vertebroplasty procedures for the detection of bone cement distribution and leakage. However, it is difficult to assess the safe trajectory for needle insertion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1070-1078
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a face-to-face self-management educational program on knowledge, self-care practice and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) before kidney replacement therapy. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group, non-synchronized design. Data were collected from 61 patients with CKD visiting an outpatient department of nephrology in a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. The experimental group (n=31) took the pre-test, then after 3 weeks, face-to-face education and individualized consultation (1st intervention), after a week of self-practice, the 1st post-test, followed by re-enforcement education and consultation (2nd intervention), and 4 weeks later, the 2nd post-test. The control group (n=30) took the pre-test and post-tests at 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Scores for knowledge of CKD and self-care practice over time improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Kidney function did not improve significantly in the experimental group. Conclusion: Health care providers can identify various and individualized needs, and provide effective education and consultation through face to face self-management for patients with chronic irreversible illnesses. Nurses can coordinate for these program by designing and providing systematic and effective education.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.255-262
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• 2012

Objective: We aimed to compare the retention characteristics of Essix and Hawley retainers. Methods: Adolescents undergoing fixed appliance treatment at 2 centers were recruited for this study. Twenty-two patients (16 women and 6 men) wore Essix retainers (Essix group) while 20 (14 women and 6 men) wore Hawley retainers (Hawley group). The mean retention time was 1 year, and the mean follow-up recall time for both groups was 2 years. Two qualified dental examiners evaluated the blind patient data. Maxillary and mandibular dental casts and lateral cephalograms were analyzed at 4 stages: pretreatment (T1), post-treatment (T2), post-retention (T3), and follow-up (T4). Results: The results revealed that Essix appliances were more efficient in retaining the anterior teeth in the mandible during a 1-year retention period. The irregularity index increased in both arches in both groups after a 2-year post-retention period. The mandibular arch lengths increased during treatment and tended to return to their original value after retention in both groups; however, these changes were statistically significant only in the Hawley group. Cephalometric variables did not show any significant differences. Conclusions: The retention characteristics of both Essix and Hawley retainers are similar.