• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5889-5893
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• 2014

Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been identified as a common feature associated with clinical outcome in many types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus (SCCO). However, the clinical importance of EGFR over-expression in SCCO remains unsettled as conflicting results exist. Therefore we carried out the present meta-analysis of published studies for clarification. A total of 13 studies including 1, 150 patients were enrolled. EGFR over-expression was positive in 722 of these cases. With EGFR over-expression, patients had higher depth of invasion, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis. However, expression had no relation with degree of differentiation, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage or lymphatic invasion. EGFR over-expression is probably a valuable predictor for the T stage, vascular invasion and OS, and it could be used as a poor prognosis indicator for the esophageal SCC patients. Targeting therapy to EFGR should be considered to the combined treatment in SCCO.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review RCTs on pharmacopuncture treatment for musculoskeletal diseases and to establish standards of pharmacopuncture treatment model. Methods : We searched articles up to date of March 2009 via computerized databases of Pubmed, The Journal of Korean Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Journal of Korean institute of Herbal Acupuncture, Journal of Oriental Rehabilitation and Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine. Only Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) concerning the effects of pharmacopuncture on musculoskeletal diseases. The pharmacopuncture treatment methods were assessed based on STRICTA and items considering the feature of pharmacopuncture. And the methodological quality of the trials was assessed by FEAS and modified Jadad score. Results : Eighteen trials of pharmacopuncture on musculoskeletal diseases were analyzed. Except for 4 trials comparing the effect of SBV and BV, positive outcome was reported in ten trials. Among eighteen trials; most of the trials were about Bee Venom acupuncture, and most of the trials used about five acupuncture points, mainly local acupuncture points. But, the amount of injection to each point and total injection were various. And most of trials were lack in the information about method of stimulation. The adjusted FEAS score ranged from 0 to 12, and modified Jadad scoreranged from 1 to 5. Conclusions: To standardize pharmacopuncture treatment, we need more well-designed, high quality clinical trials. And methodological assessment tools designed for pharmacopuncture treatment are also needed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2020

Activation of osteoclast and inactivation of osteoblast result in loss of bone mass with bone resorption, leading to the pathological progression of osteoporosis. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a member of the TNF superfamily, and is a key mediator of osteoclast differentiation. A flavanone glycoside isolated from the fruit of Poncirus trifoliata, poncirin has anti-allergic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activities. The present study investigates the effect of poncirin on osteoclast differentiation of RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. We observed reduced formation of RANKL-stimulated TRAP-positive multinucleated cells (a morphological feature of osteoclasts) after poncirin exposure. Real-time qPCR analysis showed suppression of the RANKL-mediated induction of key osteoclastogenic molecules such as NFATc1, TRAP, c-Fos, MMP9 and cathepsin K after poncirin treatment. Poncirin also inhibited the RANKL-mediated activation of NF-κB and, notably, JNK, without changes in ERK and p38 expression in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, we assessed the in vivo efficacy of poncirin in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone erosion model. Evaluating the micro-CT of femurs revealed that bone erosion in poncirin treated mice was markedly attenuated. Our results indicate that poncirin exerts anti-osteoclastic effects in vitro and in vivo by suppressing osteoclast differentiation. We believe that poncirin is a promising candidate for inflammatory bone loss therapeutics.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.399-422
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• 2011

현대 사회에서는 실생활의 양적 정보를 합리적으로 다루는데 필요한 능력이 요구된다. 최근에는 시대적 요구에 적절하고 의미 있는 통계 교육의 필요성에 따라 '통계적 소양'이 주목을 받고 있으며 많은 논의가 되고 있다. 특히 그 중에서도 비판적 사고능력과 통계적 의사소통 능력의 개발이 강조되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 학생들에게 통계적 논증에 따른 의사소통이 일어나도록 과제를 개발, 제공하였다. 그리고 학생들의 논증활동 과정에서 나타나는 주장에 대한 정당화 및 과제를 해결하는 과정에서 나타나는 관점의 변화나 개념의 형성을 분석하고 통계적 소양의 발전이나 변화가 있는지를 알아보았다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.100-103
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• 2008

Purpose: Eccrine porocarcinoma is a very rare, potentially fatal tumor which arises from the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat ductal apparatus. It does not have a characteristic clinical feature but does have a high incidence of metastasis. It may be developed de novo or in a preexisting benign eccrine poroma. It usually affects older people and is located most commonly on lower extremities. We report a rare case of eccrine porocarcinoma which developed on the back without metastasis. Methods: The patient was a 94-year-old woman who showed a painful, ulcerated, dark brown colored polypoid $3.5{\times}3.0cm$ sized mass on the back for 3 years. We totally excised the lesion including normal tissue. Results: After wide excision of the lesion, pathologist reported an eccrine porocarcinoma. Histopathologic findings reveal that the classic type of eccrine gland carcinoma, eccrine porocarcinoma. Immunocytochemical studies showed a positive reactivity to anti-EMA antibody and anti-CEA antibody. Conclusion: Authors experienced a rare case of primary eccrine porocarcinoma on the back. Because of the propensity to develop local recurrence, wide excision of the primary tumor with histologic confirmation of negative margins represents the only curative treatment regimen for eccrine porocarcinoma.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2018

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has been one of the most common parasitic diseases in Saudi Arabia. This study exhibits the clinical features, diagnosis, cytokine profile and treatment of CL patients in Al-Taif province. Ninety CL suspects at a tertiary care general hospital were enrolled in one-year study. Patients were interviewed, clinically-examined, and subjected to laboratory tests: skin scraping smear microscopy, OligoC-TesT commercial PCR (Coris BioConcept) and kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) PCR for Leishmania diagnosis. Interferon-gamma (RayBio; Human $IFN-{\gamma}$ ) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients' sera were evaluated before treatment with sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) with 20-day intramuscular drug regimen. Positive rates of microscopy, commercial PCR and kDNA PCR were 74.4%, 95.5% and 100%, respectively. Patients came to hospital mostly in winter (45.0%). CL was frequently exhibited in Saudi patients (78.8%), male gender (70.7%), age <20 years (50.0%), rural-dwellers (75.5%) and patients with travel history (86.6%). Lesion was mostly single ulcer (93.3%), occurred in the face (67.7%). Upon pentostam treatment, 85.1% of ulcers showed rapid healing signs. Levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$ and NO were significantly higher in the healing than the non-healing cases (P<0.001). The kDNA PCR proved more sensitive than microscopy and OligoC-TesT commercial PCR. Our results open perspectives for $IFN-{\gamma}$ use as a biomarker predicting treatment response.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.314-328
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• 2003

본 연구는 아파트 주거공간에 기초한 지역공동체의 형성을 공동체 운동의 주체와 주민들을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통하여 고찰하였다. 아파트 거주공간은 폐쇄적으로 구획화된 물리적 특성으로 인하여 공동체 형성에 많은 어려움이 있지만, 다른 한편으로는 공동체적 요소를 갖고 있기도 하다. 조사결과는 입주자 대표회의와 부녀회를 중심으로 여러 자발적 주민조직이 다양한 생활문화운동을 전개하는 것으로 나타나, 아직 규범적 공동체 운동까지 나아가지는 않았으나 보상적 공동체 운동에서 한 단계 더 발전한 모습을 보여주고 있다. 특히, 공동체 활동이 지역공동체의 근간이 될 수 있는 근린관계의 형성에 적극적 영향을 미치고 있으며, 공동체 활동에 대하여 주민 스스로 긍정적 평가를 내리고 있다. 본 연구의 함의는 현대 도시문제를 해결하는 한 대안으로 아파트 주민공동체 운동의 가치와 그 가능성을 보여주는 것이다.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 전두엽과 두정엽의 4채널 뇌파를 이용하여 인간의 쾌적성 평가를 위한 알고리즘을 개발하고자 한다. 알고리즘은 선형 예측 분석과 신경회로망으로 구성되며, 많은 피검자들의 템플릿(template)을 활용한다. 먼저 다양한 실험 환경을 조성하여 쾌적 및 불쾌적한 상태의 뇌파를 수집하였다. 그리고 나서 개발된 알고리즘을 이용하여 쾌적성 평가 실험을 수행하였으며, 전두엽의 a파 전력비(power ratio)를 이용한 기존의 감성 평가 방법과 성능을 비교해 보았다. 온도와 습도를 이용한 쾌적성 평가를 위해 여러 방법으로 수집된 뇌파를 통해 적은 채널을 이용하면서 감성을 평가할 수 있는 전극의 위치를 확인하고자 실시한 여러 가지 조합의 2채널, 4채널 실험에서는 쾌적성 평가 결과가 제시한 task와 80%가 일치하여 Heller의 감정 모델에 근거한 4채널이 가장 변별력을 나타내는 전극의 위치임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 기존의 a파 전력을 통하여 뇌의 활성 영역을 구분하여 감성을 평가하는 방법에서는 상당히 저조한 성능을 나타내어 감성과의 상관성을 확인할 수 없었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2005

In the 500m short track speed skating, the matter of who reaches the first corner first can important factor since each competitor races with all speed from the start to the first line. A filed study was attempted to kinematical estimation six female foreign skaters, who participated in the 500m female final round competition, and two Korea skates during the World Short track Skating Championship. The three dimensional motion analysis with DLT method was executed using four video cameras for analyzing the actual competition situation. In point of analyzing the actual competition situation, it is expected that skaters and coaches the effective informations, and the following conclusions are drawn; The elapsed time by phase in start motion of the foreign skaters appeared shorter those of Korea skaters, so the start training of Korea skaters should be strengthed. Also the displacement of C.G in the foreign skaters appeared shorter displacement than those of Korea skaters. Especially in the starting position, the foreign skaters are superior to Korea skaters in displacement of first(left) and next following stroke(right). The velocity of C.G and maximum velocity of skate blade of foreign skaters art faster than those of Korea skaters. And the foreign skaters show the superior early velocity change. Both of leaning body angle, and left and knee angle of the foreign skaters lead to positive point of having the propulsive force in the early starting position. Observing in the most prominent feature of foreign and Korea skaters in start phase, foreign skaters skate quickly the third stroke. These features of Korea skaters would appear disadvantage of location selection in entering the coner course.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

본 연구는 만 4세와 만 5세 유아의 노인에 대한 이미지가 어떠한지, 또한 이러한 이미지가 조부모와의 동거 경험 유무에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 경기도 화성시에 위치한 K유치원에 재원하고 있는 만 4세 유아 30명과 만 5세 유아 24명이다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 유아의 노인에 대한 이미지를 알기 위한 그림그리기 검사와 그림에 대한 면담을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 유아가 노인에 대해서 가장 긍정적으로 인식하는 영역은 가족 관계면 이었고, 가장 부정적으로 인식하는 영역은 노인의 신체적인 면이었다. 둘째, 유아의 노인에 대한 이미지는 조부모와의 동거 경험 유무에 따라서 차이가 없었다. 이 연구는 세대 간의 문화 이해와 소통을 위한 연구에 기초자료 제공과 세대프로그램 개발 자료로 의미가 있다.