• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.63-99
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• 1994

The international environmental activities and environmental education began in 1970's. Environmental education in Korea was emphasized since the Forth National Curriculum. 'The Environmental Education Curriculum' will be separated as one of the most important parts in the Sixth National Education Curriculum in Korea. The purpose of this study was development. of 'Environmental Science' of high school appropriate to Sixth National Education Curriculum. First step was to state goals of environmental education in detail based on analysis of goals about environmental education in our country and other countries. Second was to analyse seven environments-related texts of Korea, America and England. Third, to measure how much environmental education has achieved in Fifth National Curriculum of Korea. Fourth, to develop a new environmental text of high school level. Fifth, to verify the effect of developed environmental text. The environmental part of 'Science I'(unit V. Life and Environments) and high school environments-related reference text(Survival and Environments) in Korea, American knowledges. American 'Environments' was stressed in many skills but they didn't include various teaching strategies. On the other hand, American 'Science-Technology-Society(S-T-S)' and British 'Science and Technology in Society(SATIS)' were stressed in knowledges and skills, and they included many teaching strategies and student actions. American 'S-T-S' was the only one stressed in values and attitudes. And all seven texts were not interested in behaviors and participations. To measure the achievement of environmental education by questionnaire, 497 high school students in total were selected from five different schools. Actually, most students had a positive thinkings and attitudes in their hearts about environmental problems, about environmental problems, but many of them did not take actions to solve environmental problems and to protect environments. The higher the score students got in 'knowledges and informations', the higher the score in 'skill'. It implies that learning of skills is based on learning of knowledges and informations about environments. On the other hand, much knowledges and information about environments has not always ensured positive thinkings and attitudes or active behaviors and participations to solve environmental problem. In view that ultimate aim of environmental education is forming responsible environmental behaviors and the goals of values and behaviors are as important as knowledges and skills. A new environmental text of high school level was developed and it was based on analysis of seven texts and environmental education in Fifth Korean Curriculum. This text have seven units, 1. Habitates : What're the meanings?, 2. Nuclear Energy : Can't be Avoid?, 3. Acid Rain : What're the Messages?, 4. Ethanol : Is this Future Fuel?, 5. Wastes : A New War!, 6. What're the National and Gloval Environmental education and avoided from the array of knowledges. Therefore included various teaching strategies and independent actions of students. 'Open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning' in text were special learning parts for aquisition of values and formation of behaviors. To verify the effects. of new developed environmental text, the direct learning was carried out by 286 students in total. Post test scores of experimental groups per each units were significantly higher than those of control groups from five different schools were as follows. For validity of selecting contents for units, 74% of respondent replied positively. For classification and presentation of four goal-groups, 90% replied positively in validity and 82%, in utility. For validity of various teaching strategies, 88% and for the degree of including student-centered independent actions, 86% replied positively, For importances and expected effects of 'open=ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning', showed positive responses respectively, 88%, 92% Therefore this text is effective to achieve four goals of environmental education equally.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2010

随着消费者对环境的关注不断增加, 许多公司都积极从事环境营销来实现其目标. 不过, 有关环境的消费者的高度关注并不总是反映在他们的购买行为. 这表明需要有一个绿色消费的范围内个人的信仰体系的发展有深入的了解. 考虑到心理学的方法, 大量的研究机构已测试的基本因素和生态意识的消费者行为, 这些因素的相互关系. 然而, 以往的研究大多数集中于西方国家. 本研究使用韩国消费者为研究样本, 试图了解韩国绿色消费的基础, 发现跨文化在指导消费者的环保态度和行为的重要的普遍价值. 为此, 我们联系了Schwartz在1992年提出的10个普遍价值和价值-态度-行为层次模式的环境行为. 参照价值-态度-行为的框架, 我们提出的概念模型可以解释韩国消费者的环保态度中表现出了什么动机, 以及后来此态度如何影响他们的绿色选择. 其中, 可利用相关的环保价值的关系模式, 我们首先假设激励价值类型和环境态度之间存在特定的关系. 在假设2中, 环境态度被假定用来预测环境行为. 这个假设的基础是对环境有利的态度可能会产生许多不同的行为, 我们认为消费者对环境的有利的态度和各种环保行为是相关的. 因为有环保态度的人们会对环保行动方面的知识更感兴趣. 与假设2一致, 我们推测在不同的环保行为之间存在正相关关系. 564名大学生参加了这项研究. 样本包括308名男性, 254名女性, 2名参与者没有注明性别. 参加者的平均年龄为22.5(标准差=2.11)岁, 年龄范围从19岁到39岁. 至于专业, 我们作出了特别努力使得参与者来自于大学的不同学科. 所收集的数据是通过自我完成问卷调查. 问卷评估参与者的价值优先, 环境态度和行为. 我们进行了路径分来测试所提出的模型. 观测的模型的整体适配度为x2=72.01(p=0.00), GFI的=0.983, CFI=0.982, NFI=0.970, RMR=0.070, 和REMSEA=0.050. 大部分适配值表明了数据与模型拟合良好. 因此, 环境态度价值, 环境的非购买行为和环境的购买行为的层级关系得到了确认. 所有的预测路径被路径系数评估, 几个主要影响假设被确认. 在10个价值类型之外, 普遍性和力量是显著的但是与环境态度的关系是相反的. 与其他研究一致, 我们的结果证实了环境态度是引导各种关注环境的行为的一个重要因素. 最后我们发现环境非采购和购买行为之间有显著关系. 路径分析支持普遍性价值为韩国消费者的绿色意识提供了动机而且他们通过对环境的有利态度间接的支持了环保行为. 我们发现拥有高环境态度的参与者积极的投入到各种关注环境的消费者行为中. 在本研究中, 考虑到价值导致环保主义和进一步证实先前的结果我们提供了测试跨文化差异的机会. 此外, 我们已测试了关于三个不同类型的环境行为的态度与行为的关系. 环境的态度和行为之间的路径的不同优势, 研究人员建议, 应考虑行为的特异性, 努力改善低的态度-行为的相关性. 最后, 本文阐明了随着对环境不断增长的关注, 人们生活中的绿色行为也不断的增加.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aims to examine the positive effects of developmental assets on the prevention of health risk behaviors among Korean adolescents. The framework of developmental assets was introduced as building blocks for healthy child and adolescent development by Benson and his colleagues. These assets represent positive external environmental factors and internal personal qualities which strongly influence the quality of life of adolescents. Methods: In 2001, we administered self-reported questionnaires to 3,739 girls and boys in grade 9 at eight schools in two cities, Chinju and Suwon in South Korea. The data was compiled into a 'Korean Youth Health Related Behaviors and Developmental Assets Survey' and then analyzed Youth health risk behaviors, which we measured in terms of their frequency, included tobacco, alcohol, and substance use, sexual intercourse, anti-social behaviors, violence, feelings of social isolation at school, depression or attempted suicide, absenteeism from school, gambling. Results: Overall, with respect to developmental assets, the Korean adolescents surveyed only 12.6 of the 40 assets, and 88 percent of adolescents had 20 or fewer of the assets. Based on their number of developmental assets(DA), adolescents were categorized into four groups: Group I(DA 0-10): Group II(DA 11-20): Group III(DA 21-30): Group IV(DA 31-40). We examined the differences in the frequency of each health risk behavior across the four groups, Group I-IV, and found that the frequency of most health risk behaviors decreased as the number of developmental assets increased. Conclusion: We therefore concluded that in order to make effective approaches for the prevention of health risk behaviors among adolescents, we should consider and develop more comprehensive and adolescents-based policy and programs to promote various aspects of adolescents' health and quality of life.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.595-610
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• 2002

This paper presents an efficiency of various non-conforming (NC) modes in development of a series of new finite elements with the special emphasis on 4-node quadrilateral elements. The NC modes have been used as a key scheme to improve the behaviors of various types of new finite elements, i.e., Mindlin plate bending elements, membrane elements with drilling degrees of freedom, flat shell elements. The NC modes are classified into three groups according to the 'correction constants' of 'Direct Modification Method'. The first group is 'basic NC modes', which have been widely used by a number of researchers in the finite element communities. The basic NC modes are effective to improve the behaviors of regular shaped elements. The second group is 'hierarchical NC modes' which improve the behaviors of distorted elements effectively. The last group is 'higher order NC modes' which improve the behaviors of plate-bending elements. When the basic NC modes are combined with hierarchical or higher order NC modes, the elements become insensitive to mesh distortions. When the membrane component of a flat shell has 'hierarchical NC modes', the membrane locking can be suppressed. A number of numerical tests are carried out to show the positive effect of aforementioned various NC modes incorporated into various types of finite elements.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was development of 'Environmental Science' of high school appropriate to Sixth Natinal Education Curriculum. In view that ultimate aim of environmental education is forming responsible environmental behaviors and the goals of values and behaviors are as important as knowledges and skills, A new environmental text of high school level was developed and it was based on analysis of seven texts and environmental education in Fifth Korean Curriculum. This text have seven units, 1.Habitates : What're the Meanings?, 2.Nuclear Energy: Can't be Avoid?, 3.Acid Rain : What're the Messages", 4.Ethanol : Is this Future Fuel?, 5.Wastes : A New War!, 6.What're the National and Global Environmental Issues? and 7.Our Water: Can Drink, Really? This text was stressed equally in goals of four environmental education and avoided from the array of knowledges. Therefore included various teaching strategies and independent actions of students. 'Open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning' in text were special learning parts for aquisition of values and formation of behaviors. To verify the effects of new developed environmental text, the direct learning was carried out by 286 students in total. Post test scores of experimental groups per each units were significantly higher than those of control groups about four goals, respectively. The Results of questionnaires by 50 teachers from five different schools were as follows. For validity of selecting contents for units, 74% of respondents replied positively. For classification and presentation of four goal-groups, 90% replied positively in validity and 82%, in utility. For validity of various teaching strategies, 88% and for the degree of including student-centered independent actions, 86% replied positively. For importances and expected effects of 'open-ended value learning' and 'free behavior learning', showed positive responses respectively, 88%, 92%. Therefore this text is effective to acheive four goals of environmental education equally.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-101
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• 1998

‘Environmental Literacy’ is defined as ‘one's individual status to be accomplished or to be acquired by environmental education’ and it has the same meaning as ‘the Goals of EE’. The purposes of this study was to identify the components of environmental literacy and analyse the related studies. Much of the work in EE has followed the path outlined by the Belgrade Charter, the Tbilisi Declaration, and later in Agenda 21. Over the years, scholars such as Hungerford et al., Iozzi et al., Roth, the Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education, and the Environmental Education Literacy Consortium have examined and proposed a framework of ‘Environmental Literacy’. Recently, the influential framework developed by the NAAEE(the North American Association for Environmental Education) National Project for Excellence in EE included seven categories: affect, ecological knowledge, socio-political knowledge, knowledge of environmental issues, skills, additional determinants of environmentally responsible behavior, and environmentally responsible behaviors. According to the analysed results, 37.7% of the American studies and 32.5% of Korean ones measured aspects of the attitude. Especially, the measure of this variable in America, however, led to the most inconclusive and least positive outcomes. The studies included related to cognitive skills were very few but 100% reported positive impacts of instructions in two countries. In America, using a television documentary, a journal and the field trip were very useful and effective. But using a computer simulation/game was less effective and the supplemental instruction did't led to the positive effect. In Korea, instruction, the supplemental instruction and EE program led to positive outcomes generally. The lack of validity and reliability of the instruments was pointed out as a common problem and the development of valid and reliable instrument for nation-wide assessment is urgently needed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

This paper aims to critically analyse and synthesise existing knowledge concerning the use of environmental enrichment and its effect on behavior, physiology and performance of pigs housed in intensive production systems. The objective is also to provide clarity as to what constitutes successful enrichment and recommend when and how enrichment should be used. Environmental enrichment is usually understood as an attempt to improve animal welfare and to a lesser extent, performance. Common enrichment objects used are straw bedding, suspended ropes and wood shavings, toys, rubber tubings, colored plastic keys, table tennis balls, chains and strings. These substrates need to be chewable, deformable, destructible and ingestible. For enrichment to be successful four goals are essential. Firstly, enrichment should increase the number and range of normal behaviors; secondly, it should prevent the phenomenon of anomalous behaviors or reduce their frequency; thirdly, it should increase positive use of the environment such as space and fourthly it should increase the ability of the animals to deal with behavioral and physiological challenges. The performance, behavior and physiology of pigs in enriched environments is similar or in some cases slightly better when compared with barren environments. In studies where there was no improvement, it should be borne in mind that enriching the environment may not always be practical and yield positive results due to factors such as type of enrichment substrates, duration of provision and type of enrichment used. The review also identifies possible areas that still need further research, especially in understanding the role of enrichment, novelty, breed differences and other enrichment alternatives.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.189-210
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• 2016

The current study attempts to expand our understanding of the determinants of energy-saving technology (EST) use by focusing on the individual aspects of environmental behaviors. This study integrates the hedonic, normative, and gain goals to explain the causal relationship between users and EST use. By adopting Goal-Framing Theory, this study proposed three individual goal frames in the environmental context: hedonic (perceived pleasurability), normative (social norms), and gain goals (legislative pressure and economic factor). Partial Least Square (PLS) was used to analyze the data from 104 respondents. Eight of the ten hypotheses were strongly supported. We found that social norms, perceived pleasurability, economic factor, and legislative pressure had positive and significant effects on attitude to EST use. Interestingly, we found that media influence did not have a severe effect on perceived pleasurability, and that the economic factor enforces mainly positive attitude to EST. Important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2010

This study investigated ADHD prevalence among the first to sixth graders in ordinary classes of H elementary school located in an area of special rural conditions and selected 4 sixth graders who received high scores in a self-diagnostic test on attention deficit and over 17 points from teachers in an ARS-IV test with a view to verifying the effects of the education in environment on the improvement of maladjusted behaviors among ADHD children when the education program for improvement of maladjusted behaviors is applied to the environment. The program was applied from March to mid-July for about 4.5 months in 13 periods. The program applied consisted of activities of experiencing the nature. Behavior changes of targets during the course of the program were recorded in the frequency of ADHD target behaviors card and the observation log to describe the results, which underwent a comparative analysis through pre-and post-tests of ADDES-SV and to graph the changes in maladjusted behaviors of target children. To sum up, the education in environment resulted in positive effects on the changes of maladjusted behaviors among ADHD children by reducing attention deficit impulsive behaviors and hyperactivity.