• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.719-724
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• 2011

The $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit is the core subunit of the protein conducting channel which is required for protein translocation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In this study, we cloned a $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit from Penicillium ochrochloron ($PoSec61{\alpha}$). Sequence and 3D structural model analysis showed that $PoSec61{\alpha}$ conserved the typical characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit homologues. The pore ring known as the constriction point of the channel is formed by seven hydrophobic amino acids. Two methionine residues from transmembrane ${\alpha}$-helice 7 (TM7) contribute to the pore ring formation and projected notably to the pore area and narrowed the pore compared with the superposed residues at the corresponding positions in the crystal structures or the 3D models of the $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit homologues in archaea or other eukaryotes, respectively. Results reported herein indicate that the pore ring residues differ among $Sec61{\alpha}$ subunit homologues and two hydrophobic residues in the TM7 contribute to the pore ring formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.105-119
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• 2004

Cultural hybridization and global cross-fertilization, begun since the 1990s, mean the hybrid mixture of the low-class popular arts and the high-class fine arts and have found expression in intertextuality by means of the thinking system of de-constructuralist post-modernism. This study was intended to investigate the artistic intertextuality between fashion and art frontiere, especially between such fields as 'animation', 'music', and 'performing arts' and 'fashion', which shows the greatest characteristic of the phenomenon that the non-mainstream culture flows into the mainstream culture. It also aimed to investigate the intertextuality between 'technology' and 'fashion' as the delivery room of the youth culture and copycat culture due to the benefit of technologies since the 20th-century digital revolution. Animation as the neo-pop art with the popular code coming to the forefront in the 21th century integrated high-class fashion and low-class fashion into one through the combination of fashion and humor, and the musical element referring to the social difference of the cultural field and the social strata is becoming the 21th-century fashion icon through its fusion with the pictorial tendency along with the leisure-time life of the non-mainstream strata. In terms of intertextuality in performing arts, fashion style performs an important role in the presentation of performing arts and since the de-construction of the fin-de-ciecle form and its fusion with media have taken place, fashion works become and element of the origin that has an influence on a series of film, dance, dramatic elements and the like. The paradigm of technology made it socially and culturally possible to achieve the architecture of clothing system necessary for fashionable technical clothing by allowing the possibility of imitation, the function of technology to form popular culture. The intertextual tendency in the 21th-century fashion began from the de-constructive phenomenon of existing norms and now takes the multicultural character of surpassing a certain domain or concept. And it positions itself as the total art of spearheading the low-class culture and the non-mainstream culture as the hybrid domain of mainstream and non-mainstream cultures or high-class and low-class cultures.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2015

The Monte Carlo based dose calculation program for stereotactic body radiotherapy was developed in this study. The Geant4 toolkit widely used in the radiotherapy was used for this study. The photon energy spectrum of the medical linac studied in the previous research was applied for the patient dose calculations. The geometry of the radiation fields defined by multi-leaf collimators were taken into account in the PrimaryGeneratorAction class of the Geant4 code. The total of 8 fields were demonstrated in the patient dose calculations, where rotation matrix as a function of gantry angle was used for the determination of the source positions. The DicomHandler class converted the binary file format of the DICOM data containing the matrix number, pixel size, endian type, HU number, bit size, padding value and high bits order to the ASCII file format. The patient phantom was constructed using the converted ASCII file. The EGSnrc code was used to compare the calculation efficiency of the material data.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2019

Purpose: To manage radiation measurement equipment, a web-based management program has been developed in this study. Materials and Methods: This program is based on a web service and Java Server Pages (JSP) and employs compatibility and accessibility. Results: The first step in the workflow has been designed to create accounts for each user or organization and to log in. The program consists of two parts: fields for listed instruments, and measurement information. The instruments for measuring radiation listed in this program are as follows: ionization chambers, survey meters, thermometers, barometers, electrometers, and phantoms. Instrument properties can be put in the recording fields and browsing for associated instruments can be performed. The main part of the program is the cross-calibration for each ion chamber. For instance, the ionization chamber to be used as a relative dosimeter can be registered by cross-calibration data with a reference chamber calibrated by an accredited laboratory. This program supports methods using the central axis transfer theory for cross-calibration for the ionization chambers. The reference and field ionization chambers were placed in a solid water phantom along the beam central axis at two different depths, and then the positions were switched. Each measured value was used for calculating the cross-calibration factor. Conclusions: Because many instruments are used and managed in radiation oncology departments, systematic, traceable recording is very important. The web-based program developed in this study is expected to be used effectively in the maintenance of radiation measurement instruments.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.179-191
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to employ a method called 'conflict impact assessment' to analyze the progress, background, cause and relevant issues of conflicts related with affordable housing for youth (Happiness Housing Project), a project that has been implemented since last May 2013, thereby identifying the relevant problems and draw out objectives for improvement. The researchers expect that this study will contribute to solving the current issues regarding Happiness Housing, and contribute to improving the quality of the government's policies. For the above purpose, literatures on Happiness Housing produced from August to November 2013 were reviewed, in-depth telephone or face-to-face interviews were conducted with personnel associated with project implementation in the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation and LH, etc., and major interested parties including Yangcheon-gu residents. Key issues identified regarding Happiness Housing construction include: the way that the project was implemented, living quality of residents, impact on educational environment, inconsistence with existing plans, relatively high construction cost, insolvency of public corporations, land use fee issue with Korail, need of preliminary feasibility survey, securing sufficient amount for supply and issue of additional designation, likelihood of finishing construction in time and issues related with actual source of demand, etc. Through analysis of conflict development and positions of interested parties, the main causes of the conflicts were identified as follows: lack of deliberation on pledges during election, lack of viability review on pledges, lack of conflict management plans, one-way implementation without consent of interested parties, project plans established with no regard to local circumstances, frequent project revision, underwehlming level of conflict management. In order to address issues above, the following measures need to be taken: selecting election pledges based on actual effectiveness, thorough assessment on pledges by relevant departments, gradual implementation based on consideration of the actual circumstances, participation of key interested parties, consistent policy and adopting conflict management techniques that reflect the reality.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.241-245
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• 2010

One of the weak points of the Cr-doped SZO is that until now, it has only been fabricated on perovskite substrates, whereas NiO-ReRAM devices have already been deposited on Si substrates. The fabrication of RAM devices on Si substrates is important for commercialization because conventional electronics are based mainly on silicon materials. Cr-doped ReRAM will find a wide range of applications in embedded systems or conventional memory device manufacturing processes if it can be fabricated on Si substrates. For application of the commercial memory device, Cr-doped $SrZrO_3$ perovskite thin films were deposited on a $SrRuO_3$ bottom electrode/Si(100)substrate using pulsed laser deposition. XRD peaks corresponding to the (112), (004) and (132) planes of both the SZO and SRO were observed with the highest intensity along the (112) direction. The positions of the SZO grains matched those of the SRO grains. A well-controlled interface between the $SrZrO_3$:Cr perovskite and the $SrRuO_3$ bottom electrode were fabricated, so that good resistive switching behavior was observed with an on/off ratio higher than $10^2$. A pulse test showed the switching behavior of the Pt/$SrZrO_3:Cr/SrRuO^3$ device under a pulse of 10 kHz for $10^4$ cycles. The resistive switching memory devices made of the Cr-doped $SrZrO_3$ thin films deposited on Si substrates are expected to be more compatible with conventional Si-based electronics.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.164-167
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• 2012

The effects of aeration through lid filters on the hyphal growth of Lentinula edodes (oak mushroom) in sawdust cultivation bags were investigated. The aeration treatment levels were traditional 27 mm hole cotton plugs, cotton balls and combinations of seven hole sizes ${\times}$ two hole positions (up and under) in the lids covering plastic bags containing 1.4 kg sawdust medium at 63% moisture that had been autoclaved for one hour and inoculated with sawdust spawn of L. edodes strain 921. Aeration treatment effects were measured based on the $CO_2$ concentration at the 15th wk, as well as the hyphal growth rate and degree of weight loss of bags every 14 days for 15 wk. In bags with traditional cotton plugs, the $CO_2$ concentration was $3.8{\pm}1.3%$, daily mean hyphal growth was $2.3{\pm}0.6mm$ and daily mean weight loss was $0.84{\pm}0.26g$. In the bags with 15 mm diameter holes, the $CO_2$ concentration was $6.0{\pm}1.6%$, daily hyphal growth was $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ and daily weight loss was $0.86{\pm}0.4g$. The bags with 15 mm holes had a higher $CO_2$ concentration and lower water loss than bags with other hole sizes, but the hyphal growth was not significantly different from that of other bags. The weight loss of bags increased proportionally relative to the lid hole sizes. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional cotton plugs are economically efficient, but 15 mm hole lids are the most efficient at maintaining hyphal growth and controlling water loss while allowing $CO_2$ emissions.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.45-67
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• 2010

This study is to reconstruct the user-oriented e-government service based on home network infrastructure using ubiquitous computing technology. Until now, 31 e-government roadmap tasks have been promoted as main projects of e-government. This study explores what should be respective priorities for the suppliers and users of e-government if the services are provided in linkage with home network infrastructure. The result of survey showed us that the efficiency of administration and the improvement of the civil service, including citizens' online participation should be priorities. In order to reinforce home network infrastructure in implementing u-government, the government, at first, has to relax regulation, support businesses to develop related technologies, and construct safe infrastructure for citizens to use e-government services. Second, businesses should develop home network technologies that include various contents and construct home network systems that citizens can use easily. Third, citizens should have interests and participate in the government policies for home network services. Particularly, this study aims to suggest policies that consider positions of both the suppliers and users of e-government so that home network-based e-government can be implemented in the future.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2002

The sample environment at high temperature for the four circle diffractometer at HANARO in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute is developed. The performance test was carried out for a structurally known sample through the high temperature experiment with this equipment. In this study we found out that the developed sample environment is stable for a long time experiment at over 900 K. By the neutron diffraction from a single crystal of $LiTaO_3$(phase transition temperature about 900 K) at 298 and 913 K, the lithium atomic positions at both temperatures and disordered state of lithium atom at high temperature were confirmed. These are hardly possible to determine by the conventional X-ray diffraction method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.540-543
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• 2013

선박은 판과 보강재를 효율적으로 조립한 매우 복잡한 구조물이고, 이동하는 구조물로써는 최대규모의 구조물이다. 특히, 선체 구조의 설계란 "예상되는 모든 하중에 충분히 견딜 수 있는 강도(strength)와 강성(stiffness)을 가진 부재의 크기를 결정하고 적절히 배치하는 과정이다." 라고 말할 수 있다. 선체 구조의 설계는 부재의 배치가 얼마나 적절하게 잘되어 있는가에 달려 있다고 하여도 과언이 아닐 정도로 매우 중요하다. 주요 구조 부재의 부재 배치에 대한 기본적인 개념은 판 부재의 용접선(seam line), 종, 횡늑골의 간격, 종거어더 등을 예로 들 수 있으며, 부재의 배치는 최적 설계 및 공작상의 관점으로부터 선정되어야 하며, 또한 선체 전체의 구조적인 연결이 불연속이 되지 않도록 하여야 한다. 특히, 판 부재의 용접선은 여러 가지 표준치수로 생산되는 판 들 중, 판의 기준 폭이 얼마인 것을 사용하는 것이 공작상 또는 배치상 가장 편리한 가를 생각하여야 한다. 이것은 선박의 크기에 따라 다르겠지만, 조선소 크레인의 용량 및 가공상, 강도상의 문제를 고려하여 가능한 한용접선의 수를 줄이는 것이 바람직하다. 용접선을 줄이기 위해서는 판 부재의 폭을 넓게 하면 되나, 철강회사에서 표준으로 생산 판매하는 주판의 폭보다 넓은 판을 주문 구입 한다는 것은 곧 생산비용의 증가로 이어지는 것으로 이는 주판 구입 경비 측면에서는 바람직하지 않다. 따라 서, 주판 구입경비의 최소화를 유도하면서도 주판 폭의 적정 및 용접선 개수 최소화를 유지할 수 있도록 설계하는 것은 중요하지만, 용접선 배치의 문제는 다양한 입력 변수를 고려해야 하는 복잡한 문제이기 때문에 그간 최적화 관점에서 접근하지 못하고 시니어급 엔지니어가 가진 경험과 조선소의 지침서에 기재된 절차에 따라 대략적인 해를 결정하여 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 복잡한 문제를 최적화 방법인 당금질(Simulated Annealing) 방법을 이용하여 해결한 결과를 소개하며, 그 결과와 효용성에 대해 논하도록 하겠다.