• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2014

Objective:The purpose of this study is to design a three-set type (Sebulsik) keyboard that is to input Korean text with no shifted keys and also compatible with the standard Korean computer keyboard or ANSI keyboard. Background: The KS computer keyboard is two-set type (Dubulsik). Existing and proposed designs of three-set type of past studies are not compatible with KS or ANSI keyboard and are complex with many redundant letters. Method: The number of Korean letters for 3-set type is analyzed. Then Korean letters are arranged with normality and with spatial compatibility to the KS Korean keyboard, and symbols were arranged to same positions with ANSI keyboard. Results: Initial consonants of 14 numbers and 6 vowels are arranged as exactly same positions of KS keyboard, and other vowels are arranged with spatial compatibility. Symbols are arranged to the same positions with ANSI keyboard, and 10 digits are confirmed and has compatibility to International standard. Conclusion: A 38-key model, 38K, is designed to require minimal keys to input Korean text with no shifted keys, increased the compatibility to the KS Korean computer keyboard. Application: Using the proposed 38-key model, 38K, it can be taken into account for keyboards in industrial production. It is applicable to user group of 3-set type Korean keyboard with more easy than past keyboards.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.11 no.4 s.35
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Clocking effects of a stator on the performance and internal flow in an UTRC 1.5 stage axial turbine are investigated using a three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation. Six relative positions of two rows of stator are investigated by positioning the second stator being clocked in a step of 1/6 pitch. The relative efficiency benefit of about 1% is obtained depending on the clocking positions. However, internal flows have some different characteristics from that in the previous study at the best and worst efficiency positions, since the first stator wake is mixed out with the rotor wake before arriving at the leading edge of the second stator. Instead of the first stator wake, it is found that the wake interaction of the first stator and rotor has a important role on a relative efficiency variation at each clocking position. The time-averaged local efficiency along the span at the maximum efficiency is more uniform than that at the minimum efficiency. That is, the spanwise efficiency distribution at the minimum efficiency has larger values in mid-span but smaller values near the hub and casing in comparison to those at the maximum efficiency. Moreover, the difference between maximum and minimum instantaneous efficiencies during one period is found to be smaller at the maximum efficiency than at the minimum efficiency.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.4 s.247
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• pp.287-297
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• 2006

The Holographic Particle Velocimetry system can be a promising optical tool for the measurements of three dimensional particle velocities. One of inherent limitations of particle holography is the very long depth of field of particle images, which causes considerable difficulty in the determination of particle positions in the optical axis. In this study, we introduced three auto-focusing parameters corresponding to the size of particles, namely, Correlation Coefficient, Sharpness Index, and Depth Intensity to determine the focal plane of a particle along the optical axis. To investigate the suitability of the above parameters, the plane image of dot array screens containing different size of dots was recorded by diffused illumination holography and the positions of each dot in the optical axis were evaluated. In addition, the effect of particle position from the holographic film was examined by changing the distance of the screen from the holographic film. All measurement results verified that the evaluated positions using suggested auto-focusing parameters remain within acceptable range of errors. These research results may provide fundamental information for the development of the holographic velocimetry system based on the automatic image processing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2010

Experiments were performed to investigate the flow characteristics of a partial admission supersonic turbine depending on the relative positions of nozzle and cascade. The flow was visualized by a Schlieren system. The static pressures at the turbine cascade inlet, passage and outlet were measured by pressure transducers. Highly complicated flow patterns including shocks, nozzle-cascade interaction and shock boundary layer interactions of the supersonic turbine were observed by the experiments. And the flow characteristics in the supersonic turbine as the relative positions were observed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

This study was aimed at developing 1) iso-perception maps for various groups of drivers in terms of age, gender, and anthropometry and 2) the experiment framework required for obtaining subjective and objective measures. A total of 9 maps, which describe drivers' perceptions regarding their static behaviors inside a typical mid-size sedan, can be used to improve the utilization of the limited driver workspace, and to select better design alternatives for occupant packaging. An adjustable seating buck, $a^{***}$-camera motion capture system (Vicon), and $a^{**}$-channel EMG system were used for the experiment. Each iso-perception map was developed while H-PT, steering wheel center, or TGS knob center was moved to each of pre-defined positions relative to driver-selected positions. Adjustable ranges or positions of the seat, steering wheel, and TGS lever described in iso-perception maps can be used to determine better package layout alternatives.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

Handles on objects are very important to increase the safety and efficiency of manual handling of people who use them. In this study, four different prototype cartons combined with auxiliary handles were designed to determine the optimal handle position of cartons through the evaluation of user preferences. Twenty male students are participated in the experiment. Likert-5 point summated rating method was applied to evaluate the user preferences for provided handles of the carton among upper, middle, and lower position under the four different sizes and materials handling conditions(carrying positions). The results show that the subjects preferred upper part of the handle on the small cartons regardless of the carrying positions while upper and middle parts of the handle on the big cartons for handling above the waist height were preferred. An optimal handle position depending on the different sizes of carton and the different carrying positions were recommended based on the results of evaluation. It is thus recommended that the cartons provide handles on its relevant position depending on the size and materials handling condition to reduce the musculoskeletal stress and in turn to increase the user satisfaction.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.2449-2463
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• 2014

Hierarchical B-frame coding was introduced into H.264/SVC to provide temporal scalability and improve coding performance. A content analysis-based adaptive group of picture structure (AGS) can further improve the coding efficiency, but damages the inter-frame correlation and temporal scalability of hierarchical B-frame to different degrees. In this paper, we propose a group of pictures (GOP) adaptation coding method based on the positions of video cuts. First, the cut positions are accurately detected by the combination of motion coherence (MC) and mutual information (MI); then the GOP is adaptively and proportionately set by the analysis of MC in one scene. In addition, we propose a binary tree algorithm to achieve the temporal scalability of any size of GOP. The results for test sequences and real videos show that the proposed method reduces the bit rate by up to about 15%, achieves a performance gain of about 0.28-1.67 dB over a fixed GOP, and has the advantages of better transmission resilience and video summaries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.581-586
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• 2000

The equivalent source method is used to calculate the internal pressure field for an enclosure which can have arbitrary boundary conditions and may include internal objects which scatter the sound. Some of the equivalent positions are chosen to be the same as the first order images of the source inside the enclosure, some are positioned on a spherical surface some distance outside the enclosure. The normal velocity on the surfaces of the enclosure walls is evaluated at a larger number of positions than there are equivalent sources. The sum of the squared difference between this velocity and the expected is minimized by adjusting the strength of the equivalent sources. The convergence of this method is checked by evaluating the velocity error at a larger number of monitoring positions. Example results are presented for various numbers of sources and evaluation points. The results showed that in general the more equivalent sources increased the accuracy of the sound field predictions but the accuracy is not too much sensitive to the numbers of evaluation points.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2017

The current study investigated the productions of /ɨ/ and /${\Lambda}$/ in Kyungsang Korean, which is known for undergoing a dispersion for the younger generation. Specifically, to identify the nature of /ɨ/ and /${\Lambda}$/ in Kyungsang Korean, this study examined the linguistic and social factors affecting directions and degrees of the /ɨ/-/${\Lambda}$/ dispersion. Sixteen young speakers of Kyungsang Korean repeated 112 (near) minimal pairs containing the two target vowels. The formant values of each production as well as the Euclidean distance between the two vowels were analyzed for four manipulated factors: gender (male vs. female), the existence of carrier phrases (words in isolation vs. words with a carrier phrase), the lexical status of stimulus words (real-word pairs vs. nonsense-word pairs), and the vowel position within a word (word-initial positions vs. word-final positions). The results indicated that the female speakers produced the two target vowels more distinctively than the male speakers, and so did when the words were produced in isolation. The results also revealed that the Euclidean distances were greater for the real-word pairs and in word-initial positions. Overall, the results suggested that the Kyungsang Korean speakers in their 20s could distinctively produce the two vowels /ɨ/ and /${\Lambda}$/, but this vowel dispersion is not a completed process, but an ongoing one.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2259-2262
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• 2003

This paper describes visual tracking procedure of the underwater mobile robot for nuclear reactor vessel inspection, which is required to find the foreign objects such as loose parts. The yellowish underwater robot body tend to present a big contrast to boron solute cold water of nuclear reactor vessel, tinged with indigo by Cerenkov effect. In this paper, we have found and tracked the positions of underwater mobile robot using the two color informations, yellow and indigo. The center coordinates extraction procedures is as follows. The first step is to segment the underwater robot body to cold water with indigo background. From the RGB color components of the entire monitoring image taken with the color CCD camera, we have selected the red color component. In the selected red image, we extracted the positions of the underwater mobile robot using the following process sequences: binarization labelling, and centroid extraction techniques. In the experiment carried out at the Youngkwang unit 5 nuclear reactor vessel, we have tracked the center positions of the underwater robot submerged near the cold leg and the hot leg way, which is fathomed to 10m deep in depth.